UPLB BRIDGE PROGRAM

QUADRATIC AND SQUARE ROOT FUNCTIONS

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS Graph: semi-parabola if 𝑃(𝑥) is linear

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘, 𝑎 ≠ 0 semicircle if 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑎 − 𝑥 2
Domain: ℝ
Range: either [𝑘, +∞) or (−∞, 𝑘] Example:
Maximum or minimum value: 𝑘 Find the domain and the range then sketch the
Graph: parabola opening upward if 𝑎 > 0, graph of
downward if 𝑎 < 0. 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 3.
Axis of symmetry: 𝑥 = ℎ Solution:
Vertex: (ℎ, 𝑘) Domain: {𝑥|𝑥 − 3 ≥ 0}
= {𝑥|𝑥 ≥ 3} = [3, +∞)
Example: Range: [0, +∞) 𝑥 4 7
Find the domain and the Vertex: (3,0) 𝑦 1 2
range then sketch the
graph of
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 .
Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) + 2
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4)
+2+4
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 − 2)2 + 6
Domain: ℝ Example:
Range: (−∞, 6] Find the domain and the range then sketch the
Axis of symmetry: 𝑥 = 2 graph of
Vertex: (2,6) ℎ(𝑥) = −√9 − 𝑥 2 .
𝑥 1 3 Solution:
𝑦 5 5 Domain: {𝑥|9 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0}
= {𝑥|(3 + 𝑥)(3 − 𝑥) ≥ 0}
Example: = [−3,3]
Determine two numbers whose sum is 10 and the Range: [−3,0] since
product is at a maximum.
Solution: 0 ≤ √9 − 𝑥 2 ≤ 3
The product of the two numbers is given by 0 ≥ −√9 − 𝑥 2 ≥ −3
𝑥(10 − 𝑥). Let
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(10 − 𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 10𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25) + 25
𝑓(𝑐) = −(𝑥 − 5)2 + 25
𝑓(𝑥) has a maximum value of 25 when 𝑥 = 5.

SQUARE ROOT FUNCTIONS

𝑦 = ±√𝑃(𝑥)
Domain: {𝑥|𝑃(𝑥) ≥ 0}
2019 Summer Bridge Program in Mathematics
PRACTICE EXERCISES | Set 9. Quadratic and square root functions

Quadratic functions

Sketch the graph of the following functions of the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). Since these are quadratic functions,
determine the vertices of the corresponding parabolas. Also, determine the domain and the range of the
functions.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 2
1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 11 7. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 8. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 8

Solve the following problems by using the property of quadratic functions of having either a maximum or
a minimum vale.

1. Determine two numbers whose difference 16 and the product is at a minimum.

2. A length of 240 meters of fencing materials is provided to enclose a rectangular field. Determine the
maximum area that can be enclosed by the provided fencing materials.
Note that the 240 m fence covers the perimeter of the field.
3. A ball is thrown upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 32 ft/sec. If the height of the ball is
𝑦 feet after 𝑥 seconds and neglecting air resistance, then 𝑦 = 32 − 16𝑥 2 . What is the maximum height
reached by the ball?

Square root functions

For each of the following function of the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), determine the domain of the function. Then,
properly sketch the graph of the function. From the graph, carefully identify the range of the function.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = √ 𝑥 + 1 Compare with the function 𝑓(𝑥) = − √𝑥 + 1 .

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = √ 𝑥 − 4
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = − √9 − 𝑥 Compare with the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √ 9 − 𝑥 .
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = √ 25 − 𝑥 2 Compare with the function 𝑓(𝑥) = − √25 − 𝑥 2 .
𝑓(𝑥) = − √8 − 𝑥 2