Fundamentals of Antennas

Week 1 Assignment

1. The measured half power beamwidths (HPBW) of an antenna in the two orthogonal planes
are 30° and 20°. What will be the approximate directivity of the antenna in dBi? (2)
a. 4.8
b. 9.9
c. 18.4
d. 22.4

41253 41253
Solution: Directivity= 𝜃 = 30°×20°= 68.755
𝐸 ×𝜃𝐻

In dBi Directivity= 10 log(68.755)= 18.4

2. The axial ratio of an antenna is 1.2. If this antenna is to be used for practical applications, it is
acceptable for which polarization? (2)
a. Circular Polarization
b. Linear Polarization
c. Dual Polarization
d. All of the above
Solution: Axial Ratio is nearly one. So, this antenna is applicable for circularly polarization
applications.
3. For an omni-directional antenna, HPBW in E-plane is 60o, the approximate directivity in dBi
is : (2)
a. 5.67
b. 4.80
c. 3.93
d. 2.81
Solution: For omnidirectional antenna 𝜃𝐻 =360o
41253 41253
Directivity= 𝜃 = 60°×360°= 1.909
𝐸 ×𝜃𝐻

In dBi Directivity= 10×log (1.909) = 2.81

4. For a directional antenna, first null beam width (FNBW) in the E-plane is 45o, what is the
HPBW of this antenna in the E-plane? (2)
o
a. 55
b. 45o
c. 20o
d. 30o
𝐹𝑁𝐵𝑊 45𝑜
Solution: 𝐻𝑃𝐵𝑊 = 2.25
= 2.25
= 20𝑜
 5. If the distance from the antenna increases by 2 times, then its radiation density will: (2)
a. Increase by 2 times
b. Increase by 4 times
c. Decrease by 2 times
d. Decrease by 4 times

𝑡 𝑡𝑃𝐺
Solution: 𝑃𝑑 = 4𝜋𝑟 2

If distance increases by 2 times. Radiation density will decrease by 4 times.

Common Data for Questions 6 and 7: An antenna is connected to an RF source of impedance 50 Ω.

The power reflected from the antenna is 30% at a frequency of 2.4 GHz due to impedance mismatch,
then
6. The value of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is: (2)
a. 5.2
b. 3.4
c. 2.6
d. 1.4
Solution: Power reflected, |𝛤|2 = 0.3;

|𝛤| = 0.547
1+|𝛤| 1+0.547
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = 1−|𝛤| = 1−0.547 = 3.4

7. The percentage power transmitted by the antenna is: (2)

a. 20
b. 40
c. 60
d. 70

Solution: Power transmitted = 1 − |𝛤|2 = 0.7 = 70%

8. A GSM 1800 cell tower antenna with 16 dBi gain is transmitting 10W of power at 1845 MHz.
What is the power density at a distance of 80 m in the direction of maximum radiation? (2)
a. 4.94 mWatt/m2
b. 6.4 mWatt/m2
c. 12.7 mWatt/m2
d. 14.2 mWatt/m2
Solution: Transmitted Gain (Gt)= 16 dBi= 101.6= 39.81
Transmitted Power (Pt)= 10 W
Frequency of operation= 1845 MHz
𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 10×39.81
Power density,𝑃𝑑 = = =4.94 mWatt/m2
4𝜋𝑟 2 4𝜋×802
 9. Two identical transmitting and receiving antennas are located at a distance of 4 km. If power
transmitted is 30 dBm at 15 GHz and received power is -70 dBm, the approximate gain of
each antenna in dBi is : (2)
a. 8
b. 14
c. 24
d. 28
Solution: Power transmitted (Pt)= 30 dBm= 1 Watt

Power received (Pr) = -70 dBm= 10−10 Watt

𝑐 3×108
Wavelength (λ)= 𝑓= 15×109 = 0.02𝑚

𝑃𝑟 4𝜋𝑟 2
𝐺2 = 𝑃𝑡
×( 𝜆
)

By solving, G= 25.13
In dBi, G= 14

10. The diameter of a parabolic dish antenna to achieve 60 dBi gain at 11 GHz is……: (Assume
that efficiency η of the antenna is 65%.) (2)
a. 10.7 m
b. 13.6 m
c. 5.0 m
d. 1.9 m

Solution: A parabolic dish antenna with Gain= 60 dBi= 106

𝑐 3×108 3
Wavelength (λ)= 𝑓= 11×109 = 110 𝑚

Efficiency (ƞ)= 0.65

𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛
Directivity (D)= ƞ

4𝜋𝐴 𝜋𝑑 2
And 𝐷 = 𝜆2
and 𝐴 = 4

Using above equation d= 10.7 m