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  • PCM, TDM, SDH Mux & DWDM

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    Abdelhai
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    This document discusses several digital communication techniques: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) encodes analog signals into digital signals; Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) combines multiple digital signals onto a single transmission path; Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy uses TDM to combine lower rate signals; Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) uses multiplexing structures and overhead bytes like Path Over Head, Tributary Unit Pointer, and Administrative Unit Pointer to combine signals into higher rate structures like STM-1. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing transmits multiple optical carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths.

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    PCM, TDM, SDH mux & DWDM

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    This document discusses several digital communication techniques: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) encodes analog signals into digital signals; Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) combines multiple digital signals onto a single transmission path; Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy uses TDM to combine lower rate signals; Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) uses multiplexing structures and overhead bytes like Path Over Head, Tributary Unit Pointer, and Administrative Unit Pointer to combine signals into higher rate structures like STM-1. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing transmits multiple optical carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    30 views30 pages

    PCM, TDM, SDH Mux & DWDM

    Uploaded by

    Abdelhai
    This document discusses several digital communication techniques: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) encodes analog signals into digital signals; Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) combines multiple digital signals onto a single transmission path; Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy uses TDM to combine lower rate signals; Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) uses multiplexing structures and overhead bytes like Path Over Head, Tributary Unit Pointer, and Administrative Unit Pointer to combine signals into higher rate structures like STM-1. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing transmits multiple optical carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 30

    Pulse Code Modulation

    (PCM)
    Time Division Multiplexing
    (TDM)
    Plesiochronous Digital hierarchy
    SDH Multiplexing Structure
    Then Path Over Head (POH) bytes are added
    Then Tributary Unit Pointer (TU-PTR) bytes are added to the LO-VC
    Then Administrative Unit Pointer (AU-PTR) bytes are added to the HO-VC
    The last step is to add the Section Over Head (SOH) to
    the AUG to obtain the STM-1
    Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
    (DWDM)

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