Annex 6.1.

6-2

STEAM TURBINE DESCRIPTION

For

SLOVIANSK TPP
RECONSTRUCTION OF
UNITS No. 6b and No. 6a
 Table of Content

1. Preface ....................................................................................................................................................1
2. Main Specification and Performance Guarantee.....................................................................................3
3. General Design Features of Steam Turbine Systems ..............................................................................4
4. Feature of Auxiliary System ...................................................................................................................9
5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................13
1. Preface
Outline of New Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd
Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd. (“DTC”), the succeeding company of DongFang Steam
Turbine Works, is a subsidiary of Dongfang Electric Corporation Ltd.(DEC). The
construction preparation of DTC began in 1965 and its formal construction began in
1966; and the factory was put into production in 1974. It is a large state-owned
high-tech enterprise specializing in research, design and manufacturing of various
power generation equipment in China.
In 2008, the world-shaking Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12 caused huge loss to
Dongfang Turbine.

May 10th, 2010, the new production base construction in Deyang was completed and
officially put into production. With total investment over 5 billion RMB , covering an
area more than 173 hectares , newly purchased large size machining equipment more
than 1800 sets, the new DTC is an enterprise owning more advanced technologies,
being safer and expecting more sustainable development.

The new DTC consists of the Deyang New Production Base, the Deyang Division,
Emei Semiconductor Material Plant (Research Institute), Tianjin Wind Turbine
Blades Company, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Dongfang Gas Turbine (Guangzhou)
Company and Zhonghe Seawater Desalination Company. Its products cover
diversified fields of thermal power, nuclear power, gas turbines, wind power,
industrial turbines, automatic control, power station auxiliaries, solar energy, and
seawater desalination.

Large Thermal Power Products Series

The core manufacture capacity of the company on thermal power equipment is

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30,000MW. The leading products in thermal power equipment are in a complete
product series consisting of a number of types or combinations such as condensing,
air cooling and heat supply units.
Basing on the design, manufacture, operation of hundreds steam turbines, which are
35MW, 50MW, 75MW, 135MW, 150MW, 200MW, 300/330MW, 350/360MW,
600/660MW, 1000MW and etc. It is designed optimistically to be with reasonable
construction, high reliability and high efficiency through utilizing modern technique.
The unit is capable of producing power singly or parallel in a power network.
The proposed N360-24.5/565/565steam turbine is one of the super-critical of turbines
produced by DONGFANG TURBINE CO.,LTD (DTC).

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 2. Main Specification and Performance Guarantee

Turbine Type: N360-24.5/565/565

Tandem compound two cylinders
Double flow exhausts
Reheat condensing turbine
Turbine Nominal Load(TMCR) 360,000kW
Rotating Speed 3,000 rpm
Direction of Rotation Clockwise (viewed from the turbine front)
Main Steam Pressure 24.5 MPa
Main Steam Temperature 565℃
Reheat Steam Temperature 565℃
Number of Extraction Eight(8)
Feed Water Temperature at TMCR 293.6℃
Backpressure 3.35kPa
Rotor
Number Two(2)
Type Solid forged type
Coupling Rigid coupled with bolts
Journal Bearing:
Number Four(4)
Type Tilting-pad type/ Elliptical type
Thrust Bearing
Type Tapered-land type
Location Between HIP turbine and LP turbine
Casing
Number Two(2)
HIP/LP Casing type Cast type/Fabricated type

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3. General Design Features of Steam Turbine Systems
3.1 Technical Features
DTC Steam Turbines have basic design philosophy summarized as follows.
 High reliability with detailed design consideration
 High efficiency based on advanced fluid dynamic technology
 Control system of good stability and high sensitivity
 Integrated quality control system with ISO 9001
To keep the above features, the results of the basic and application research carried
out at DTC and research institute in China.
From manufacture of the blade material, cast-iron, forged steel and other raw
materials up to the manufacture of the component parts and their assembly, important
steps are controlled by DTC with full responsibility assumed for quality.
The turbine incorporates design and construction features which have proved their
reliability and efficiency in a large number of experiences of comparable units.
3.2 Major Technical Features
(a) Combined HP & IP Section
HP section and IP section are arranged in one outer casing with opposite flow type,
which actualize the following advantages.
 Shorter turbine span with less bearings and less packing
 Thrust force being well-balanced
 Less thermal stress due to smooth temperature gradient
(b) Centerline Support of High Temperature Part
The centerline support gives uniform thermal expansion of the casing and other
turbine stationary parts, which prevents distortion and misalignment and maintains
proper packing clearances.
(c) Last Stage Blade Fixture(Fork Pin Type Dovetail)
Fork pin type dovetail has been applied all the last stage
long blades, whose feature are quite high strength against
both centrifugal force and steam bend force. Therefore
this fork pin type blade has shown the highest reliability
among long blades.

(d) High Efficiency Blade Profile (Balance Blade)

Balance blade has been developed by utilizing super computer system to calculate
complicated compressible flow field, then advanced blade profile with much
higher efficiency can be applied.
(e) High Efficiency Nozzle (Advanced Vortex Nozzle)
As the stage flow becomes more three-dimensional and complicated, advanced

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vortex nozzle with tangential lean angles has been developed to decrease separation
and end wall losses at nozzle root and to facilitate smooth expansion at nozzle tip.
(f) Elliptical Packing Clearance
Taking it consideration that casing thermal deformation is
mainly vertical direction, the elliptical packing clearance
brings larger clearance at tip and bottom portion and smaller
clearance at side portion. Then, smaller rotor vibration with
less potential of rubbing can be actualized.

(g) Diffuser Type Exhaust Hood

As the exhaust loss can be reduced by less pressure drop from
the last stage blade outlet to condenser inlet, diffuser type
exhaust hood is very effective for smooth steam flow with
diffuser flow path and adequate steam guides.

3.3 Technical Description

(A) General
(1) Outline

The proposed turbine is a tandem-compound reheat unit with double-flow

low-pressure stages. The design incorporates features which have proved their
reliability and efficiency in a large number of units operating at comparable steam
conditions. The turbine has an opposed-flow arrangement in each of high-pressure
and intermediate-pressure section and a double-flow low-pressure section. These
sections and generator are arranged and combined in tandem. The high-pressure

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steam initially enters the turbine near the middle of the high-pressure span and flows
through the high-pressure stages toward the turbine end of the unit. The reheated
steam returns to the turbine through the combined reheat valve (reheat stop valves
and intercept valves), and again enters the turbine near the middle of the
high-pressure span. The steam then flows toward the generator end through the reheat
stages. After passing through the reheat stages, the steam flows to LP sections
through the cross-over pipe. After passing through the low pressure stages, the steam
is exhausted downward into the condenser.
The turbine is keyed to the foundation in the axial direction at the approximate center
of the low-pressure sections and center of middle bearing standard, and expands
axially from the fixed point. The front standard is free to slide axially on its
foundation plate, but is guided to prevent transverse movement. The hoods are also
guided to prevent transverse movement.
All of the shells and hoods are provided with bolted horizontal joints for access to the
steam path parts for inspection and maintenance. The joints of the shells and hoods
are accurately machined to give full metal-to-metal contact and to assure a steam
tight joint.
Heat retention insulation is applied to high temperature parts. The high temperature
portion of the turbine above the operating floor is further covered and protected by
metal lagging.
(2) Construction of HIP turbine
High and intermediate pressure parts are arranged in one casing and made in
opposed-flow. This arrangement has been fully proven by over 30 operating units.
This arrangement makes the turbine not only more compact and reliable than the
separated construction of high and intermediate pressure sections but also other
important advantages are obtained as shown below:
(a) Shorter turbine length, which results in saving of building and foundation cost.
(b) Reduced number of bearings, which results in reduced bearing loss and
maintenance cost.
(c) Reduced number of packing segments, which results in reduced gland leakage of
steam and maintenance cost.
(d) Concentrated high temperature part in center of casing, which results in smooth
distribution of temperature gradient and in avoiding of deformation and stress.
Low temperature in the parts of bearings also protects the bearings against heat.
(e) Self-cooling effect on IP first stage by leakage steam through shaft packings from
HP turbine increases safety and reliability of IP first stage.
(f) Opposite steam flow in HP and IP turbines makes thrust force balance easier.
(3) Construction of LP turbine
The low-pressure turbine is of double flow type with 909mm last stage blades which
have an advantage for unit performance for the large capacity turbine being operated
in the low exhaust pressure. The blade is the most reliable one which is developed
under the careful research and development for a long period.
LP casing is made of fabricated steel plate with the provision of steam guide in it to

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make steam sufficient expansion without stagnation on the way to condenser.
(B) Turbine Casing
The high pressure, intermediate pressure and exhaust hood casings are split at the
horizontal centerline to permit disassembly and inspection. Turbine flange and
tightening bolt design and careful manufacture give full metal-to-metal contact to
ensure steam tightness at these joints.
As for the high temperature portion of
the casing the upper and lower casing
halves are designed as nearly
symmetrical as possible to assure even
expansion and contraction with
temperature changes. The location of
steam inlet on the casing and sequence
of valve openings are also designed to
accomplish symmetrical heating and
cooling of the casings. In addition to
the above the casing is double shell construction.
Low-pressure casing is fabricated type. Expanded steam is exhausted downward to
condenser. On this way to condenser exhaust hood is designed to prevent stagnation
of steam flow.
(C) Turbine Rotor
The rotor body is made from a solid alloy-steel forging. To assure a sound, well
balanced, high performance turbine rotor, the billet for the rotor forging is vacuum
poured to remove harmful gas air pockets from the steel. Prior to machining, various
tests are made to assure that the forgings meet the required physical and metallurgical
properties. Rotor body is machined carefully to form a solid rotor composed of shaft,
wheels, bearing journals and coupling flange. The formed wheels are machined to
receive the dovetails of the blades.
(D) Blades
The blades of the turbine are of such design and material as are in general best enable
the blades to withstand the operating conditions and to ensure long life.
They are free from vibration at all speeds up to a safe margin beyond the normal
operating speed, and are highly resistant to corrosion, erosion and deterioration by
pitting, crystallization or otherwise so as to avoid breakage or undue loss in
efficiency.
(E) Nozzle and Diaphragm
The steam flow is directed onto the blades at the proper angle and velocity by the
nozzle diaphragm partitions. The nozzle areas and angles of discharge are determined
by many variables such as the volume of steam to be passed, steam pressure drop
across the diaphragms and velocity of the blades.
The nozzle partitions are machined from solid alloy materials and are incorporated
into the diaphragm by either welding or in some cases cast-in process. The machined
metal sections are assembled in punched steel bands and tack-welded in portion. This
assembly is then welded to the diaphragm web and the outer ring. The assembled

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diaphragm is then accurately machined.
(F) Bearings
The bearings are of horizontally divided, spherically seated, self-aligning type and
capable of adjustment vertically and laterally. The lower halves are capable of easy
removable and replacement without lifting the shaft more than a small amount by
means of the shaft support. Special precautions are taken to prevent leakage of oil at
points where shafts pass through bearing housings.
The bearings are lubricated and cooled by oil under pressure and the temperature of
the oil leaving any bearing do not exceed 75 deg.C under any conditions. A portion of
the discharge oil is piped into a sight box on the side of the turbine, which permits
visual inspection and temperature measurement of the oil.
(G) Thrust Bearing
The thrust bearing located between HIP and LP sections of the turbine maintains the
axial clearance between the turbine rotor and stationary parts and requires no
adjustment. Thrust bearing is of tapered-land type and is capable of carrying higher
thrust loads with lower losses when running at any load.
(H) Packings
Steam leakage from turbine or turbine inter stages is minimized by shaft seals.
At the high-pressure and low-pressure ends of the turbine, metallic labyrinth
packings are used. Spring-backed, segmented packing rings are fastened in the bore
of high and low-pressure shells. These rings are machined with alternate high and
low teeth and installed with adequately small clearance cut to the turbine rotor. The
small clearance and the resistance offered by this series of high and low-tooth
construction restrict steam flow to a minimum.
Steam leakage, along the shaft at the bores of the diaphragms held to a minimum by
metal packing ring fitted in the diaphragms. The rings are divided into segments with
each segment supported by flat spring. The springs hold the segments in place and
maintain a small clearance between the packing ring and the shaft.
(I) Rotor Turning Device
The turning device is used to turn the rotor at slow speed when starting, in order to
evenly heat the rotor and reduce the possibility of distortion. It is also used during the
cooling down period after a shutdown and to rotate the rotor by small amounts during
inspection periods. This device, mounted between turbine and generator, consists of
an electric motor and train of gears.
The gear train is driven by the motor through a worm and gear. A movable pinion in
the gear casing can be engaged with the ring gear on the coupling flange of the
turbine rotor.
(J) Atmospheric Relief Diaphragm
An atmospheric diaphragm per exhaust flow is provided on the upper part of the LP
turbine casing for the protection of steam turbine from emergency condition.
The atmospheric relief diaphragm is a safety feature which protects the exhaust hood
and condenser against excessive steam pressure in case the condenser water is lost for
any reason.

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(K) Main Steam Valves
(1) Main Stop Valve/ Control Valve:
There are two main stop valves, each one with
two control valves, located st the two sides of
cylinder.
The valves are opened by individual hydraulic
actuator.
(2) Combined Reheat Valve:
There are two hydraulically-operated combined
reheat valves in two separate bodies located as
close as possible to the reheat turbine inlet.
A strainer is provided around each combined
valve to prevent foreign objects from the boiler from entering the turbine. The
intercept valve is operated by a fluid-opened and spring-closed actuator.
4. Feature of Auxiliary System
(A) Lubricating Oil System

System Function:
The Lubrication system of steam turbine adopts the oil supply mode of main oil
pump-oil injector. The main oil pump is directly driven by the main shaft of steam
turbine. Its outlet pressure oil drives the oil injector to engage in operation. The
Lubrication system is mainly used for serving the following purposes: providing
lubricant to each bearing of steam turbine generator set, some lubricant for the
regulating system and protection system, sealing oil source for the hydrogen seal
system of generator, adequate lubricant source for the oil pump of shaft jacking up
system . The working medium of system is ISO－VG32 turbine oil.

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 System Composition
Shaft-driven main oil pump
Oil injector
One AC motor-driven auxiliary oil pump
One DC Motor-driven emergency oil pump
One AC/ one DC Motor-driven jacking oil pump
Two AC motor-driven vapor extractor
Oil tank
Two Oil coolers with a transfer valve
Oil piping
(B) Automatic Gland sealing System
System Function:
The turbine steam seal system is primarily used to prevent steam from leaking
outwards along the shaft ends of HP and IP cylinders and even flowing into the
bearing box and resulting in water polluting lubricating oil; it is also used to prevent
air from seeping into the steam cylinder and as a result destroying the vacuum of the
unit.
The self-sealing turbine steam seal system refers to the system in which the steam
escaped from the shaft end steam seals of HP and IP cylinders is, after spray
desuperheating, used for the gland sealing steam supply for LP shaft ends during the
normal operation of a unit. The surplus leaked steam flows to the LP heater or
condenser. During the unit's start or low load phase, the gland sealing steam supply
comes from the outside. From the start to the operation at full load, the turbine steam
seal system can conduct automatic switching in accordance with the unit's gland
sealing steam supply requirements.
The system has the features of simplicity, safety, reliability, and good applicability.
(C) Line Drainage System

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System Function:
The main function of drainage system is to discharge the condensed water in the main
body of steam turbine and its line when the assembling unit starts, stops or operates
under low load or under abnormal conditions so as to prevent the excess of water
from bending the rotor of steam turbine or damaging the internal parts and other
serious accidents. (ASME TDP)
(D) Jacking Device System
The device is designed to supply HP oil to bearings of the unit to jack journals
forcibly during unit start, shutdown and gear turning so that a static pressure oil film
is formed between journal and bearing to eliminate dry friction between journal and
bearing.
(E) Condenser
Condenser is a most important component of turbine
equipment. Its purpose is to use the circulating
cooling water to condense the steam from the steam
turbine, establish and maintain vacuum needed at the
turbine steam exhaust chamber and recover pure and
clean condensate to supply feed water to the boiler.
This condenser is superficial, regenerative equipment
with housing, water chambers, covers, transition pipe,
receiver-pressure reducing devices, condensate
collector, fixing supports, etc. The condenser has
single-flow in steam and two-flow in cooling water.
The condenser design standard is HEI. Advantage is design reasonable, heat exchang
effect batter, decorate simpleness, service convenience.
5. Conclusion
◇Advanced unit type
◇High reliability
◇High efficiency
◇Good adjustment of peak load
◇High automatic level
The turbine has improved reliability and efficiency. Also it is the common benefit for
DEC and OWNER. It is the best choice for each part.

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 #1 bearing CL #3 steam #4 steam #5 steam #2 bearing CL
extraction extraction extraction

Steel grating

Exhaust steam CL

#7 steam
extraction

#1 steam
extraction

Turbine CL

#8 steam
extraction
#6 steam
extraction

Turbine enclosure
boundary

#1 bearing CL #2 bearing CL elevation limit

#3 bearing CL #4 bearing CL

LP steam admission CL
for lifting

#5 bearing CL
(generator)

IP steam exhaust CL
HP steam admission CL

IP steam admission CL

Turbine CL

Turbine operation layer

Fix point

Fix point

HP steam HP steam
admission pipe admission pipe

Steam Turbine
Layout Drawing

DONGFANG TURBINE