1 In 1945 there were 1,000 women who worked in a factory painting

. radium dials on watches. The incidence of bone cancer in these women

up to 1975 was compared with that of 1,000 women who worked as
telephone operators in 1975. Twenty of the radium dial painters and four
of the telephone operators developed bone cancer between 1945 and
1975. This study is an example of a
A
Experimental study
.
B
Case series
.
C
Clinical trial
.
D
Cohort study
.
E
Case-control study
.

2 Question 2-3. The following table gives the results of a screening test for
. diabetes compared to a confirmatory evaluation (oral glucose tolerance
test).

The sensitivity of this screening test for diagnosing diabetes is:

A
23%
.
B
29%
.
C
63%
.
D
99%
.
E
100%
.

3
Question 2-3. The following table gives the results of a screening test for
.
 diabetes compared to a confirmatory evaluation (oral glucose tolerance
test).

The specificity of this screening test for diagnosing diabetes is

A
23%
.
B
29%
.
C
63%
.
D
99%
.
E
100%
.

4 The following figure show the epidemic curve for an outbreak of fever and
. rash among a group of children at a summer camp. They were exposed
to a younger relative of one of the campers with fever and rash who had
come to visit on the 9th •
The average incubation period for the organism in this outbreak is
A 8 days
.
B
12 days
.
C
16 days
.
D
20 days
.

5 A comparison of clinically diagnosed versus autopsy-confirmed gastric an

. peptic ulcers was performed or 100„000 consecutive diseased patients in
several large hospitals as shown in the following table,

From these data, the sensitivity of clinical diagnosis was:

A
1,500/1700
.
B
200/96,000
.
C
95,800/96,000
.
D
1,500/4,000
.
E
2,500/4,000
.

6
. You would typically use a descriptive study

A
For a comparison between a new SSRI drug and Venlafaxine
.
B To compare the difference between random sampling and alternate
. sampling methods for assessing the efficacy of [CT and
psychotherapy as a treatment for depression patients with psychotic
depression
C To document a cluster of Wegener's granulomatosis cases that has
. recently appeared in your area
D To evaluate the effects of Team Based Learning (TBL) versus
. didactic lecture
E
None of the above
.

7
. Validity can be defined as:

A The degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to

. measure.
B
The degree to which results are consistent on a repeat measurement
.
C A measure of the degree or strength of association between two
. variables.
D
Concerned with measuring the frequency of new cases with reliability
.
E
None of the above
.

8
. Reliability can be defined as:

A the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to

. measure
B
the degree to which results are consistent
.
C a measure of the degree or strength of assoclation between two
. variables
D
concerned with measuring the frequency of new cases with reliability
.
E
ensuring that patients all take a test under the same conditions
.

9 A school district has been using an intelligence test to evaluate students

. and make important placement decisions, such as who gets placed into
gifted and other special education settings. However, a group of
psychologists advises the school district that there is a problem with this
particular test. More specifically, the criticism is that scores on this test
correlate too highly with students socioeconomic status. This criticism
most directly suggests a problem with the test's:
A
Internal consistency
.
B
Test-retest reliability
.
C
Discriminant validity
.
D
Convergent validity
.
E
Predictive validity
.

1 California Highway Patrol statistics revealed that more accidents

0. occurred to blue cars than to cars of any other color. The inference that
while driving a blue car, one is at higher risk of an accident than while
driving a car of another color is
A
Correct
.
B
Incorrect, because the comparison is not based on rates
.
C
Incorrect, because no control or comparison group is used
.
D
Incorrect, because no test of statistical significance has been made
.
E
Incorrect, because prevalence is used instead of incidence
.

1 An outbreak of gastritis occurred on a cruise ship. The data in the

1. following table were obtained shortly after the outbreak, from a
questionnaire completed by everyone on board the ship. What is the
relative risk of developing gastritis from herring consumption?

A
8,0
.
B
1,0
.
C
0,5
.
D
2,0
.
E
2.3
.

1 In a study of 500 cases of a disease and 500 controls, the suspected

2. etiological factor is found in 400 cases and 100 controls. The absolute
risk of disease in people with the factor is
A
. 80%
.
B
40%
.
C
16%
.
D
20%
.
E
Cannot be computed from the data given
.

1
3. Epidemic refers to

A A disease that has a low rate of occurrence but that is constantly

. present in a community or region
B
An attack rate in excess of 10 per 1,000 population
.
C The occurrence of finesses of similar nature clearly in excess of the
. normal expectation for that population at that time
D
Diseases of the respiratory system that occur seasonally
.
E
The annual case rate per 100,000 population
.

1 Regionville is a community of 100,000 persons. During 1985 there were

4. 1,000 deaths from all causes. All cases of tuberculosis have been found
and they total 300 - 200 males and 100 females. During 1985, there
were 60 deaths from tuberculosis, 50 of them males. The crude
mortality rate for Regionville is
A 300 per 100,000
.
B
60 per 1,000
.
C
10 per 1,000
.
D
100 per 1,000
.
E
200 per 1,000
.

1 The mean birth weight of first-born infants of 23 women who smoked

5. more than one pack of cigarettes per day during pregnancy was 200 g
lower than those of the first-born infants of 16 women who never
smoked, The difference was statistically significant at the 5% level
(P<0,05). This means which of the following?
A
Smoking during pregnancy retards fetal growth
.
B The difference observed between mean birth weights was too large to
. have occurred by chance alone
C The difference observed between mean birth weights could have been
. easily occurred by chance alone
D The number of patients studied was not sufficient to achieve a
. conclusive result
E
Smoking during pregnancy does not influence fetal growth
.

1 An outbreak of gastritis occurred on the Northern Star cruise ship

6. travelling from New York to Nassau. The data in the table below was
obtained from a questionnaire completed by everyone on board the
ship, shortly after the outbreak. Data from an Outbreak of Gastritis on
the Northern Star Cruise Shuzii FOOD People who ate
food People who did not eat food Sick Well Sick Well Shrimp
and rice 200 SOO 100 900 Chicken 650 350 100 900 Stir fried pork 200
800 500 500 Oysters 300 700 400 600 Chocolate mousse 600 400 450
550 Given this information, what is the relative risk of developing
gastritis from Shrimp and rice on the Northern Star ship?
A
5.0
.
B
1.0
.
C
3.2
.
D
2,0
.
E
7.5
.

1
7. You would typically use a descriptive study

A
For a comparison between a new SSR1 drug and Venlafaxine
.
B To compare the difference between random sampling and alternate
. sampling methods for assessing the efficacy of ECT and
psychotherapy as a treatment for depression patients with psychotic
depression
C To document a cluster of Wegener's granulomatosis cases that has
. recently appeared in your area
D To evaluate the effects of Team Based Learning (TBL) versus
. didactic lecture
E
None of the above
.

1
8. Validity can be defined as:

A The degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to

. measure.
B
The degree to which results are consistent on a repeat measurement
.
C A measure of the degree or strength of association between two
. variables
D
Concerned with measuring the frequency of new cases with reliability
.
E
None of the above
.

1
9. Reliability can be defined as:

A the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to

. measure.
B
The degree to which results are consistent
.
C a measure of the degree or strength of association between two
. variables.
D
concerned with measuring the frequency of new cases with reliability
.
E
ensuring that patients all take a test under the same conditions.
.