Problems

2.1 Starting from Equation 2.22, show that for a parallel flow heat exchanger, Equation 2.26a
becomes

2.2 Show that for a parallel flow heat exchanger the variation of the hot flu
temperature along the heat exchanger is given by

Obtain a similar expression for the variation of the cold fluid temperatures along the heat
exchanger. Also show that for A  ∞, the temperature will be equal the mixing cup temperature
of the fluids which is given by

2.3 Show that the variations of tine hot and cold fluid temperatures along a counter flow heat
exchanger are given by

and

2.4. From problem 2.3, show that for the case Ch < Cc’

and therefore temperature curves are convex and for the case Ch > Cc,

there fore the temperature curves are concave (see Figure 2.6).

2.5. Show that when the heat capacity rates of hot and cold fluids are equal (C c =
Ch = C), the variation of the hot and cold fluid temperatures along the heat
exchanger are linear with the surface area as:
2.6 Assume that in a condenser, there will be no sub cooling and condensate leaves the condenser
at saturation temperature, Th, Show that variation of the coolant temperature along the condenser
is given by

2.7 In a boiler (evaporator), the temperature of hot gases decreases from Th1 to Th2’ while boiling
occurs at a constant temperature Tc. Obtain an expression, as in problem 2.6, for the variation of
hot fluid temperature with the surface area.

2.8 show that Equation 2.46 is also applicable for Ch > Cc’ that is C* = Cc/Ch.

2.9. Obtain the expression for exchanger heat transfer effectiveness, ε, for parallel flow given by
Equation 2.47.

2.10. 5000 kg/hr of water will be heated from 20°C to 35°C by hot water at 140°C. A
15°C hot water temperature drop is allowed. A number of double-pipe heat
exchangers with annuli and pipes each connected in series will be used. Hot
water flows through the inner tube. The thermal conductivity of the material is
50 W/m-K.

The heat transfer coefficients in the inner tube and in the annulus are 4620 W/m 2K and 1600
W/m2K, respectively. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient and the surface area of the
heat exchanger.

2.11 Water at a rate of 45,500 kg/hr is heated from 80°C to 150°C in a shell-and-tube heat-
exchanger having two shell passes and eight tube passes with a total outside heat transfer surface
area of 925 m2. Hot exhaust gases having approximately the same thermo physical properties as
air enter at 350°C and exit at 175°C. Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient based on the
outside surface area.

2.12 A shell-and-tube heat exchanger given in Problem 2.11 is used to heat 62,000 kg/hr of water
from 20°C to about 50°C Hot water at 100°C is available. Determine how the heat transfer rate
and the water outlet temperature vary with the hot water mass flow rate. Calculate the heat
transfer rates and the outlet temperatures for hot water flow rates: I
a. 80000 kg/hr
b. 40000 kg/hr

2.13. Water at a flow rate 5000 kg/hr is heated from 10º C to 35ºC in and oil cooler (c p=4182
J/kg.K) by engine oil with an inlet temperature of 65ºC to 232ºC (c p=2072 J/kg.K) and a f;pw
rate pf 6000 kg/hr. take the overall heat transfer coefficient to 3500 W/m 2.K. What are the areas
required for:
a. Parallel flow
b. Counter flow

2.14. In order to cool a mass flow rate of 9.4 kg/hr of air from 616°C to 232°C, it is
passed through the inner tube of a double-pipe heat exchanger with counter flow,
which is 1.5 m long and the outer diameter of the inner tube is 2 cm.
a. Calculate the heat transfer rate. For air cph = 1060 J/kg-K.
b. The cooling water enters the annular side at 16°C with a mass flow rate of
0.31/min. Calculate the exit temperature of the water. For water, cpc = 4180
J/kg-K.
c. Determine the effectiveness of this heat exchanger, then NTU. The overall
heat transfer coefficient based on the outside heat transfer surface area is
38.5W/m2-K. Calculate the surface area of the heat exchanger and the number of hairpins.

2.15. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is designed to heat water from 40°C to 60°C
with a mass flow rate of 20,000 kg/hr. Water at 180°C flows through tubes with
a mass flow rate of 10,000 kg/hr. The tubes have an inner diameter of d i = 20 mm, the Reynolds
number is Re = 10,000. The overall heat transfer coefficient-based outside heat transfer surface
area is estimated to be U = 450 W/m2-K.
1. Calculate the heat transfer rate Q of the heat exchanger and the exit temperature of the
hot fluid.
2. If the heat exchanger is counter flow with one tube and one shell pass; determine (by the
use of LMTD and ε-NTU methods):
a. the outer heat transfer area;
b. the velocity of the fluid through the tubes;
c. the cross-sectional area of the tubes;
d. the number of the tubes and the length of the heat exchanger.

2.16. An oil cooler is used to cool lubrication oil from 70°C to 30°C. The cooling water
enters the exchanger at 15°C and leaves at 25°C. The specific heat capacities of
the oil and water are 2 and 4.2 kJ/kg-K, respectively, and the oil flow rate is
4 kg/s.
a. Calculate the water flow rate required.
b. Calculate the true mean temperature difference for two-shell-pass-and-four-
tube passes, one-shell-pass-and-two-tube passes shell-and-tube heat ex
changer, and an unmixed-unmixed cross-flow configuration.
c. Find the effectiveness of the heat exchangers.

2.17 For the oil cooler described in Problem 16, calculate the surface area required for the shell-
and-tube and unmixed-unmixed cross-flow exchangers, assuming the overall heat transfer
coefficient U = 90 W/m2-K. For the shell-and-tube exchanger, calculate the stream outlet
temperatures and compare it with the given values.

2.18 In an oil cooler, oil flows through the heat exchanger with a mass flow rate of 8 kg/s and
inlet temperature of 70°C. Specific heat of oil is 2 kJ/kg-K. The cooling stream is treated cooling
water that has specific heat capacity of 4.2 kJ/kg-K, flow rate of 20 kg/s, and inlet temperature of
15°C. Assuming a total heat exchanger surface area of 150 m 2 and an overall heat transfer
coefficient of 150 W/m2-K, calculate the outlet temperature for two-pass shell-and-tube and
unmixed-unmixed cross-flow units, respectively. Estimate the respective F-corrections factor and
examine.