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Deploying UMTS at 900 Mhz

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 bringing clarity to emerging technology markets

Jake Saunders
Deploying UMTS at 900 MHz Asia-Pacific Vice-President
ABI Research
12-Dec-2007 saunders@abiresearch.com
www.ABIresearch.com

Slide 2
 Agenda

Deploying UMTS at 900 MHz

1) Regulatory Perspective
2) Benefits & Challenges
3) Technical & Site Engineering Considerations
4) Global UMTS/GSM 900 Refarming Initiatives
5) Conclusions

Information drawn from ABI Research’s

Global Spectrum Analysis: Opportunities & Implications report

Slide 3
 1) Regulatory Perspective

Spectrum Allocation in the

800 to 1000 MHz Bands

- As of 1Q 2007, a total of 9 UMTS/HSxPA

standardized operational frequency bands have
been defined by the 3GPP
- 3GPP Rel 5 addressed spectrum in the 1800 &
1900 MHz, Rel 6, 850 MHz (~2007/08), Rel 7: 900
MHz (~2007/09)

Spectrum
Allocation in the
1700 to 2150
MHz Bands

Source: WCDMA f or UMTS-HSPA Evolution & LTE

Slide 4
 2) Benefits & Challenges

Benefits Voice Calls

2000
• Radio wave propagation loss is less 1800 Circuit Switched,
* 64 Kbit/s
• Improved in-building penetration

No. BTS Required

1600 Packet Switched,
• When 3G was licensed, coverage 1400 384 Kbits/s
1200 ~60% reduction
was intended for dense urban areas.
1000
Expectations have changed: 800
– “3G Divide” 600
– Business models have changed 400
Challenges 200
0
• Existing GSM BTSes can introduce 2 GHz Band 900 MHz Band
interference into UMTS networks * To cover 10,000 Km2
• There are guard band requirements & • Multiple alternative frequencies
adjacent channel issues complicates global roaming
• GSM licensing renewal needs to be • National regulatory bodies need to be
smooth but fair to all parties in sync to prevent delays
• Complex frequency planning
strategies may be needed Source: UMTS Forum Report 38
Slide 5
 3) Technical & Site Engineering Considerations

• While there will be a need for some

retro-fitting and upgrades – In mixed UMTS/GSM in 900 MHz
environments, a spectrum “Sandwich” strategy
– Operators will be able to use existing is proposed
BTS sites and antenna systems

• Operators will need to add a new BTS

cabinet or replace the existing GSM
BTS with a multi-mode GSM/UMTS
BTS
– This a comparatively minor cost of the
overall BTS cell site costs
– Frequency separation between GSM-900 MHz
and UMTS-900 spectrum should be 2.6 MHz
• There are challenges (co-located)
– GSM is often deployed in macro, micro – …and 2.8 MHz (not co-located or if in a macro-
and pico configurations in urban areas cell deployment)

• Even in Europe, there will be GSM

subs for some time to come
– Therefore only some of the GSM
spectrum is refarmed
– Needs to have 5 MHz of separation
between 2 operators in the same area
Slide 6
 3) Technical & Site Engineering Considerations
(cont’d)

• Load balancing between GSM-900 and • Innovative Solutions Appearing

GSM-1800 – Digital Adaptive Notch Filters can
– As of Sep-2007, in WE, 83% of subs notch signals within specific pass-
are still GSM bands (e.g. ISCO)
– As operators refarm GSM 900 • Helps to remove the need for
spectrum, available 900 MHz capacity guard bands
↓, need to move to GSM1800 – RFS has been working with OEMs
to develop filter solutions that deal
• Load balancing between UMTS-900
with inter-modulation interference
and UMTS-2100
• There will be a certain amount of
– Traffic, where possible should be
steered towards the UMTS-2100 MHz
cell-site equipment sharing:
layer – Sharing feeder cable is feasible
but there can be loss in dB as well
• Load balancing between GSM-900 and
as needing a diplexer
UMTS-900
– Sharing antennas is going to be
– The 2 technologies are intended to technically challenging as UMTS
complement each other needs to “cell breathe”
– Voice and low data intensive traffic
remain on GSM-900 while high data
apps are kept on UMTS-900
Slide 7
 4) Global UMTS/GSM 900 Refarming Initiatives
• Adding the capability of UMTS in
the 900 MHz band is expected to
be in place by mid 2008
Europe
• Elisa, of Finland completed trials
in late 2006
• France’s SFR and Orange has
completed trials
• O2, Manx Telecom, Alcatel-
Lucent, and QUALCOMM
conducted a trial in mid 2006 (Isle
of Man, UK)
Asia-Pacific
• 900 MHz refarming very likely be
considered after the issue of 3G
licenses in China
• New Zealand: Mobile licenses are
technology neutral. Vodafone NZ is
refarming in 2007
• In Australia, Telstra is refarming its
850 MHz band, Vodafone has asked
for refarming of its 900 MHz spectrum
• India is considering licensing 900 MHz
for UMTS mobile broadband services
for rural development
Americas
• In many respects, the US market has
shown what can be achieved
– AT&T Wireless has rolled out
UMTS-850
Slide 8

• In economic terms, the marginal
cost of one minute of UMTS traffic
< than GSM
• Spectrum management is
increasingly becoming “technology
neutral”
• But GSM is not dead yet…
Upgrades to GSM EDGE, E-
EDGE can offer an alternative
• The 450 to 650 MHz band is
currently under consideration for
sparely populated areas
• UMTS in the 900 MHz band will
lead to the ultimate shutdown of
all GSM networks
5) Conclusions
• The roll out of UMTS in the 900
MHz band needs to have minimal
impact on the GSM network
• There is the “chicken and egg”
regarding getting UMTS-900
chipsets into devices.
– All steps need to be coordinated
to minimize delay
• Need to make the implementation
of UMTS 900 as fair and as
impartial as possible to non-GSM
spectrum holders (such as
Hutchison 3G)
– nation-wide roaming?
Slide 9
Deploying UMTS at 900 MHz

Dr. Eetu Prieur

Head of Radio Network
Elisa - Finland

12.12.2007
Webinar, FierceWireless
 Elisa-Finland in brief
• Founded in Helsinki in 1882
• World’s first GSM network launched 1.7.1991
• Vodafone partner since 2001
• 2.3 million mobile subscriptions, 40% market
share (Finland: 5.3M inhabitants, 16 per km^2)
• 1.3 million fixed subs (market leader) including
0.5 million ADSL subs (market leader)
• Revenue in 2006 was EUR 1.5 billion
• The number of personnel is 3 000
• HSDPA 3.6 Mbps and HSUPA 1.4 Mbps with a
population coverage of 70%
• World’s first UMTS900 network launched
8.11.2007
Elisa HSPA offered as real flat rate
• Flat rate with no limitations
• Pay according to max bit rate – similar to fixed broadband
• 384 kbps 9,90 €/month ... 2 Mbps 29,90 €/month
• Bit rate shaping done by GGSN according to HLR profile

Elisa price list

• flat rate 384 kbps = 9,90 €/month
• flat rate 512 kbps = 14,90 €/month
• flat rate 1 Mbps = 19,90 €/month
Flat rate - pay
• flat rate 2 Mbps = 29,90 €/month according to
• uplink data rate is 384 kbps or max bit rate
HSUPA depending on device
HSDPA data card + 1
Mbps unlimited data
26.90 €/month
 Mobile data traffic increasing heavily
14
All mobile data (2G+3G, UL+DL)
During the year 2007, mobile
12 All 3G data (UL+DL) data traffic increased by the
3G Downlink factor of 6 and 3G mobile data
traffic by the factor of 10.
10 3G Uplink
All 2G data (UL+DL)

8 EDGE UL+DL
GPRS UL+DL

0
1/07

6/07

11/07

16/07

21/07

26/07

31/07

36/07

41/07

46/07
week/
year
HSPA evolution: data rates up to 42 Mbps
HSDPA 15 codes increases the peak data rate to approx 10 Mbps
- commercially available 2008 in networks and terminals
HSDPA 64QAM: peak data rate approx 15 Mbps (in 2009)
HSDPA MIMO: peak data rate approx 20 Mbps (in 2009-10)
HSDPA 64QAM & MIMO: peak data rate approx 30 Mbps (in 2010-11),
theoretical value is 42 Mbps

HSUPA increases the uplink peak data rate and reduces latency
- approx 5 Mbps commercially available 2009 in networks and terminals
- approx 10 Mbps (in 2010-11), theoretical value is 11.5 Mbps
- latency decreases below 40 ms

Theoretical max capacity of one base station with 6 sectors and 1 carrier =
6 x 1 x (30+10) Mbps = 240 Mbits/s = 30 MBytes/s = 80 TeraBytes/month

UMTS @ 900 MHz has all HSPA features and other 3G features
- just a different carrier frequency
Why UMTS900 or HSPA at 900 MHz?
In principle, only for one reason:
• Network costs for HSPA coverage at 900 MHz can be only about one third
compared to the costs for HSPA coverage at 2100 MHz
• Especially attractive for rural area HSPA coverage
Other reasons:
• Better signal penetration => better indoor coverage (10 .. 20 dB)
• Possible to reuse existing GSM900 infrastructure => relatively easy rollout
for an existing GSM900 operator
Potential challenges:
• Frequency refarming, this is the most challenging
• Possibly regulation but it should be OK
• Lack of terminals is not a challenge starting from 2008
UMTS900: about 50-70% cost reduction

UMTS2100

Capex
-50 .. -70 %
Opex
cost reduction
for the same
coverage

UMTS900

UMTS at 2100 MHz UMTS at 900 MHz

Lower Frequency = Better Coverage
Mobile network costs are related to coverage
Relative coverage area on different frequency bands
100 %
Okumura-Hata assumed
90 %
80 % >3 x more sites
Relative coverage

70 % required at 2 GHz
than at 1 GHz
60 %
1.5 x more sites
50 %
required at 2.5 GHz
40 % than at 2 GHz
30 % 2 x more sites
required at 3.5 GHz
20 %
than at 2.5 GHz
10 % 900 1800/2100
MHz MHz 2.5/3.5 GHz
0%
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
GHz
UMTS900: Easy Site Solution for GSM900 Operator
Adding UMTS900 to an existing GSM900 site is relatively simple:
• GSM900 antenna line can be reused for UMTS900
• UMTS900 cell area approximately the same as for GSM900
• UMTS900 can utilize existing GSM900 repeaters and indoor networks

No changes to
antennas

No changes to
MHA’s

No changes to UMTS900 cell area

feeders for 1 Mbps service
roughly the same
as for GSM900
voice service
Site and in some cases
even the cabinet can be
reused
 UMTS900 becoming a standard feature
in terminals
• First commercial terminal is Nokia 6121 classic
− commercially available since October 2007
− HSDPA 3.6 Mbps, Series 60, 2 Mpix camera etc.
• Data cards and USB modems follow soon from all vendors
• UMTS900 will be supported in the significant number of
3G terminals that will be launched in 2008
• Starting from 2009 UMTS900 will be a standard feature in
all 3G terminals in Europe
• All UMTS900 terminals in Europe also support present
GSM and 3G networks, and the terminal selects
automatically the best network available
Regulatory Status of UMTS900 in
Europe and APAC
• Europe
− CEPT/ECC has made a proposal to designate 900 and 1800 MHz
for IMT-2000 terrestrial system
− supports technology neutrality
− subject to national licensing schemes
− Finland currently allows UMTS900. France, Portugal, Switzerland,
UK and others to follow soon
• APAC
− New Zealand: UMTS900 allowed
− Australia: UMTS850 allowed, UMTS900 should be allowed soon
− Indonesia, UMTS900 should be allowed soon
−…
 900 MHz Allocation in Finland
• UMTS900 allowed in Finland starting from 1st of June, 2006
• UMTS operators have also GSM900 license: network sharing not needed
• All GSM operators have about 55 GSM channels = 11 MHz spectrum

E-GSM P-GSM
925 – 935 MHz (DL) 935 – 960 MHz (DL)

Channels 1018-
975-1016 1023 Channels (0)1-49 51-69 71-124

DNA TeliaSonera DNA Elisa

Examples of UMTS
DNA UMTS TeliaSonera UMTS carrier locations Elisa UMTS

• HSPA900 carrier requires at minimum 4.2 MHz when in coordinated use

− GSM and UMTS share the same sites and closest GSM carrier is non-BCCH
− in Finland, this leaves 6.8 MHz or 34 channels for GSM900
• Careful planning in 900 MHz band for both GSM and UMTS is needed
− AMR codec, frequency hopping, GSM1800 and UMTS2100 are useful
 UMTS900 commercial launch 08 Nov. 2007
• Elisa launched the world’s first commercial UMTS900 service on 8
November 2007 in two Finland's municipalities: Siuntio and Pertunmaa
• Minister of Trade and Industry Mauri Pekkarinen and Elisa's CEO Veli-
Matti Mattila made the world's first commercial UMTS900 video phone
call
• Two network vendors: Ericsson in Pertunmaa area and Nokia Siemens
Networks in Siuntio area
• The press release of the UMTS900 launch can be found e.g. in
http://www.elisa.com/english/index.cfm?t=7&o=7120.00&did=14417
Coverage area comparison for voice service:
UMTS vs. GSM, same sites and antenna lines
UMTS900 GSM900
UMTS900 service area in Pertunmaa

orange = signal level

better than -90dBm,
area about 100 km2

green = video streaming

128 kbps in a car

red = no streaming
Conclusions
• UMTS900 commercially launched and works as in theory
• UMTS900 provides roughly the same coverage area for 1 Mbps data
service than GSM900 provides for voice
• UMTS900 can save up to 50-70% of 3G network costs (both capex and
opex) compared to UMTS2100
• All 3G features (incl. HSPA evolution with theoretical peak data rates up to
42 Mbps) work with UMTS900
• UMTS900 will be a standard 3G terminal feature at least in Europe starting
from 2009, a large number of UMTS900 terminals already in 2008
• Refarming of 900 frequencies might be challenging, especially in urban
areas. UMTS900 needs at minimum 21 GSM channels (4.2 MHz)
• Co-siting and antenna line sharing of GSM900 and UMTS900 save costs
and make UMTS900 rollout easier

UMTS900: Ultra cost effective and easy 3G solution

 Thank You!

Dr. Eetu Prieur

eetu.prieur@elisa.fi
Optimal Wireless. Simplified.

ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary

Optimal Wireless. Simplified.

Maximizing Spectral Efficiency

of UMTS900 Network Deployments

FierceWireless Webinar

Neal Campbell
EVP Next Generation Products
Strategic Marketing
neal.campbell@iscointl.com

December 12, 2007

ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary

Optimal Wireless. Simplified.

ISCO Overview
We are a provider of custom RF solutions that condition and
enhance the RF link for all wireless access technologies
 ISCO Products
 RF2 Integrated Sub-systems
 ANF, dANF
 RF Filters (Duplexers, Diplexers, Tx Filters)
 Ground Mounted Amps
 Tower Mounted Amps
 ISCO Competencies
 Software based adaptive technologies
 Wireless Systems Level Expertise
 State-of-Art Filters & Amplifiers
 ISCO Approach
 Customer Driven
 Fast & Flexible
 Seamless Integration
ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary
Optimal Wireless. Simplified.

ISCO Signature Solutions

 dANF
 digital Adaptive Notch Filter
 Dynamically eliminates interference in
CDMA & UMTS networks
 Simplifies Spectrum Re-farming
 Improves coverage and capacity
 Fully integrates with OEM’s BTS

 RF2 GMAs & TMAs

 Ultra linear LNA receivers, multi-
couplers, filters and duplexers
 Improves receive performance of all
types of cellular networks
 Improves coverage, capacity and
data throughput
 Fully integrates with OEM’s BTS
ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary
Optimal Wireless. Simplified.

Challenges of UMTS with existing GSM

 Existing GSM can introduce interference into UMTS network

 Guard Band requirements / adjacent channel issues

 Transition zones / co-channel issues

 Complex frequency planning strategies to work around co-existence of

UMTS & GSM challenges
“The main challenge in deploying UMTS in band VII (UMTS900) is the
interference with GSM900 due to co-existence in the same band.
Interference can be overcome by allowing sufficient guard band between
carriers, optimizing frequency planning and deploying special filters.”

UMTS900 Overview & Deployment Guidelines

November 2006
80-W1044-1 Rev A

ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary

Optimal Wireless. Simplified.

ISCO’s digital Adaptive Notch Filter

 Unique Product Feature:

 Dynamically identifies and removes adjacent and in-band

interference

 Unique Product Benefits:

 Minimize Transition Zones – recover up to 42 erlangs/cell

 Reduce Guard Bands – recover 400 kHz of GSM spectrum

 Eliminate complex frequency planning – save $$ / accelerate

deployment

ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary

 Spectrum Re-farming: 900 MHz Example
Current solutions suboptimal
GSM900 UMTS900 GSM900

 Achieving adequate ACIR requires a

2.7 MHz carrier offset between UMTS
and GSM carriers
 Guard bands waste spectrum 2.7 MHz

(From QCOM 80-W1044-1 Rev A)

 Adequate co-channel isolation requires

transition zones between UMTS900 GSM900 blanket coverage

and blanket GSM coverage areas GSM

transition zone
 Results in capacity loss in transition
zones.
GSM900/
 Requires air-interface and band UMTS900
dependent handover to cross
transition zones
 No solution for other sources of co- Isolation
distance
channel interference in the bands.

ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary

dANF Provides Necessary Isolation w/o Transition Zones

180.0

170.0

160.0 146 dB 160 dB

150.0
 dANF dynamically
140.0 141 dB
adds ~20 dB of co-
130.0 channel protection to
120.0
UMTS sites to
minimize transitions
110.0 zones
100.0

90.0
+
80.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 km

UMTS Core GSM Transition GSM D Group

d=4 km d=4 km
ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary
 Minimizing Adjacent Channel Effects
ISCO’s dANF can be deployed to eliminate transition
zones and mitigate near-far effects in re-mined
UMTS deployments

Potential GSM
Adjacent or
Co-Channels

 dANF Scans Full

Adjacent & Co-
Chanel Band and
applies
appropriate filter
in-band and at
edge/out-of-band
UMTS Node B
5 Mhz UMTS A-Band
GSM MS
ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary
The Future-DIF (Digital Interference Filter)
 Software Upgradeable
 Enables Interference Definition Files (IDF)
 Characterize unknown interferers at future date
 Enable most current/effective elimination
techniques

 Future Proof
 Supports all future technologies
• 3G,WiMax, LTE, SDR, CogRadio, etc.
 Feedback/pattern recognition capabilities
 Predictability
 Optimal filter parameterization.
 On Common/Industry Standard hardware
platform
 Enables significant economies of scale
 Components, manufacturing, engineering

ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary

Optimal Wireless. Simplified.

Benefits to 900 Mhz Carriers

 Recovers 400 kHz of GSM spectrum by allowing
deployment of additional GSM carriers adjacent to the
UMTS uplink
 Minimize Guard Band requirements
 Minimize UMTS capacity degradation
 Recovers up to 42 erlangs/cell by allowing co-channel GSM traffic
in cells adjacent to UMTS cores
 Eliminates or reduces GSM transition zones
 Eliminates needs for exotic frequency planning around transition
zones
 Provides Adjacent Channel protection without using prohibitive D/r
rules for near-far issues
 Speeds up deployment of ubiquitous UMTS services

ISCO Conf idential and Proprietary

Optimal Wireless. Simplified.

Why ISCO?

 Legacy of Technical Innovation

 Nimble, Flexible, Customer Focused
 Ongoing R&D Vision
 Culture of Execution, Excellence &
Quality

 Visit www.iscointl.com
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