5/30/2015

PIG RUNNING

Outline
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE PURPOSE OF PIGGING
3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
4. PIG STATIONS
5. UTILITY PIGS
6. GEL PIGS AND PIGGING
7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
8. PIG SIGNALING, LOCATION AND TRACKING
9. OPERATING PROCEDURES
10.Conclusion

1
 5/30/2015

1. INTRODUCTION
What’s a PIG?

2. THE PURPOSE OF PIGGING

Why is it important that pipelines are maintained?

2
 5/30/2015

2. THE PURPOSE OF PIGGING

Pigging in Different Stages of Operations :
DURING CONSTRUCTION
• ACCEPTANCE TESTING (Gauging, Hydrostatic
testing)
• Clean

PRE-COMMISSIONING
• Dewatering
• Drying

COMMISSIONING
• Cleaning
• Batching

DECOMMISSIONING
• Cleaning
5

3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING

• Driving a Pig

• Big difference between pigging natural gas and liquid lines

– Pigs go with the flow in liquid lines
• For gas lines, the front cup seal off flow and differential
pressure drives the pig
– For a 24 inch pig, a differential pressure from the front of the pig to the
back of 10 psi provides 5000 pounds of driving force
• Gas pressure is also important, the driving force is spongy at
low pressure, stiff at high pressure
– Very difficult to pig at pressures below 200 psi, typically easy for
pressures above 600 psi
• The optimal speed is 3-6 mph
– Not every pipeline operates at this flow rate
6

3
 5/30/2015

Unpiggable Pipeline
(a pipeline that can’t be pigged)
• Not all pipelines can be successfully pigged
– Companies strive to make their pigs work perfectly the first time.
– Achieve this 90% of the time.
• Many pipelines were built before pigs were first used
– In the 1970’s, only 30% of interstate gas pipelines could be pigged.

• What makes lines unpiggable?

Small diameters
Flow and access
Bends and Connections
Older Pipelines

3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING

• PIPELINE DIMENSIONS :
• Length
• Diameter and Wall Thickness
• Dual diameter pipelines

• PIPELINE MATERIALS:
• Base materials
• Linings
• Coatings

4
 5/30/2015

3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING

• BENDS:
• Forged bends
• Field bends
• Miter bends

 10D for pipelines 4" and smaller

 5D for 6" through 12" lines
 3D for pipelines larger than 12

3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING

• OFFTAKES:
• Unbarred tees
• Barred tees

• RELATIVE POSITION OF FEATURES:

10

5
 5/30/2015

3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING

• WYE JUNCTIONS:
• Convergence angle
• Bores

• DIVERTERS:

11

3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING

• VALVES:
• In-line block valves

• Check valves

12

6
 5/30/2015

3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING

• OPERATING CONDITIONS:
• Product
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Fluid velocity / flow rate

polyurethane seals
32 – 180 / 0 – 82

13

4. PIG STATIONS

• LAUNCHINGESIG/RECIEVING TRAP DESIGN and

DIMENSIONS

Reciever

Launcher

14

7
 5/30/2015

4. PIG STATIONS

• Batching

15

4. PIG STATIONS

• LAUNCHING/RECIEVING TRAP DESIGN and DIMENSIONS

16

8
 5/30/2015

4. PIG STATIONS

• LAUNCHING/RECIEVING TRAP DESIGN and DIMENSIONS

17

5. UTILITY PIGS

• DESCRIPTIONS :
Mandrel Pigs
The various elements of the pig are attached
, using multiple bolts, to a solid body or mandrel.

Single Bolt Pigs

Similar to the mandrel pig, the elements
are fitted to a single bolt, rather than a solid body.

Solid Cast Pig

Both sealing and guide elements are cast
as a single component in polyurethane.

18

9
 5/30/2015

5. UTILITY PIGS

• DESCRIPTIONS :
Foam
Open cell polyurethane foam is available in light
, medium, and heavy density, dependant on the
application. Foam pigs can be polyurethane coated to
improve wear resistance and stability.

Articulated
Made up of two or more pigs joined with a
universal coupling, articulated pigs form
the basis for many intelligent pigs.

Spheres
Spheres can be solid or inflatable with air, water,
or glycol and are used for product
separation, liquid removal, and in meter proving.

19

5. UTILITY PIGS

• PIG SELECTION :

a) What is the substance to be removed
(or displaced)?
b) Where is the substance radially -
longitudinally (if known)?
c) What is the estimated volume to be
removed?
d) Does the substance removed present
any hazards?
a) What are the contents of the line
WHILE PIGGING?
b) What is the driving pressure
available?
c) What is the velocity while pigging?
d) What is the temperature profile?

20

10
 5/30/2015

5. UTILITY PIGS

• PIG SELECTION :

a) What is the pipe material and is it
lined (and if so with what)?
b) What is the minimum and
maximum inside diameter?
c) What is the pipeline elevation
profile?
d) What is the maximum distance the
pig must travel in one run?
e) What is the MINIMUM bend radms
in the line?
f) What is the angle of the bend(s)?
g) What is the relative position of the
features?
h) What is the inside diameter of each
offtake (tee)?
j) What type/make/model of valves are
considered
k) Are there any other features which
might be relevant?

21

6. GEL PIGS & PIGGING

22

11
 5/30/2015

7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING

 Main Use of ILI Tools

• Metal Loss / Corrosion Detection
• Diameter/Geometry Measurements
• Crack Detection
• Leak Detection
• Profile Monitoring / Mapping
• Photographic / Video Inspection
• Temperature & Pressure Recording
• Product Sampling

23

7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING

ANATOMY of an
INTELLIGENT
PIG

24

12
 5/30/2015

7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING

• METAL LOSS SERVICES:

 Magnetic Flux Leakage(MFL)

25

7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING

• METAL LOSS SERVICES:
 Magnetic Flux Leakage(MFL)

OD/ID

Green MFL Signals - Corrosion

represents
background MFL Data
signals

Line Map
26

13
 5/30/2015

7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING

• METAL LOSS SERVICES:

 ULTRASONICS (UT)

27

7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING

• METAL LOSS SERVICES:
 ULTRASONICS (UT)

28

14
 5/30/2015

7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING

• MFL vs UT

29

7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING

• GEOMETRY SERVICES
 Mechanical  ElectroMagnetic

• The first time a pipeline is pigged, with diameter is tested with gage pigs,
caliper pigs and dummy pigs (no sensors or data recording).
30

15
 5/30/2015

8. PIG SIGNALING, LOCATION &

TRACKING
 PIG SIGNAL
• INTRUSIVE

• NON-INTRUSIVE

31

8. PIG SIGNALING, LOCATION &

TRACKING
• PIG LOCATION AND TRACKING
ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIOISOTOPES
TRANSMITTERS
ACOUSTIC PINGERS
TRANSPONDERS
MAGNETS
ACOUSTICS
E.L.F. SYSTEMS
PRESSURE PULSES

32

16
 5/30/2015

9. OPERATING
PROCEDURES
• PIG LAUNCHING
AND RECEIVING

33

9. OPERATING
PROCEDURES
• PIG LAUNCHING
AND RECEIVING

34

17
 5/30/2015

Conclusion
• Pigging Application in Corrosion Control

Prevention Detection Monitoring

• Batching pigs • Magnetic Flux •PHOTOGRAPHIC
Leakage(MFL) / VIDEO
• By-pass pigs INSPECTION
• ULTRASONICS
(UT)
•EDDY CURRENTS

35

Thank you for your attention

Your Questions are Welcomed…

36

18