Mid-Term Exam (Chapters 1-15) (Units 1-6)

AP History

1) A crucial political development that paved the war for European colonization of America was
the
a. rise of Italian city-states like Venice and Genoa
b. feudal nobles’ political domination of the merchant class
c. rise of the centralized national monarchies such as those of Spain, Portugal, and France
d. political alliances between the Christian papacy and Muslim Arab traders
e. decline of religious conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestants

2) The primary reason for the drastic decline in the Indian population after the encounter with
Europeans was the
a. rise of intertribal warfare
b. destruction of major Indian cities and their dispersal into small, nomadic groups
c. sharp decline in the Indian birthrate due to the killing of Indian males by Europeans
d. sudden introduction of the deadly disease syphilis to the New World
e. Indians’ lack of resistance to European diseases such as smallpox and malaria

Chapter 2

3) England’s first two North American colonies, which completely failed, were launched in
a. Florida and Georgia
b. Newfoundland and North Carolina
c. Massachusetts and Maine
d. Bermuda and Barbados
e. New York and New Jersey

4) England’s first colony at Jamestown

a. was an immediate economic success
b. was saved from failure by John Smith’s leadership and by John Rolfe’s introduction of
tobacco
c. enjoyed the strong and continual support of King James I
d. depended on the introduction of African slave labor for its survival
e. was saved from near-starvation by generous food contributions from the Powhatan
Indians

5) Representative government was first introduced to the Americas in the Colony of

a. Bermuda
b. Maryland
c. North Carolina
d. Georgia
e. Virginia

Chapter 3

6) The principal motivation shaping the earliest settlements in New England was
a. the desire for political freedom
b. religious commitment and devotion
c. economic opportunity and the chance for a better life
d. a spirit of adventure and interest in exploring the new world
e. a missionary zeal to convert the Indians to Calvinism
 7) The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
a. depended almost entirely on industry rather than agriculture for their prosperity
b. had powerful established churches that suppressed religious dissenters
c. relied heavily on slave labor for their agriculture
d. fought frequent and bitter wars with the Indian tribes of the region
e. had more ethnic diversity than either New England or the southern colonies

Chapter 4

8) The primary cause of Bacon’s Rebellion was

a. Governor Berkeley’s harsh treatment of the Indians
b. The refusal of landlords to grant indentured servants their freedom
c. White settlers’ resentment against the growing use of African slave labor
d. The persecution of the colonists by King Charles II
e. The poverty and discontent of many single young men unable to acquire land

Chapter 5

9) The two largest non-English white ethnic groups in the colonies were the
a. French and the Dutch
b. Germans and the Scots-Irish
c. Arabs and the Jews
d. Welsh and the Irish
e. Swedes and the Germans

10) The most honored professional in colonial America was the

a. lawyer
b. college professor
c. doctor
d. journalist
e. clergyman

11) The two denominations that enjoyed the status of established churches in various colonies
were the
a. Quakers and Dutch Reformed
b. Baptist and Lutherans
c. Mennonites and the Church of the Brethren
d. Roman Catholics and Presbyterians
e. Anglicans and Congregationalists

Chapter 6

12) The original cause of the French and Indian War was
a. conflict in Europe between Britain and France
b. British removal of the Acadian French settlers from Nova Scotia
c. British seizure of Indian lands on the shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie
d. A French attack on George Washington’s Virginia headquarters
e. Competition between French and English colonists for land in the Ohio River valley
 13) Benjamin Franklin’s attempt to create intercolonial unity at the Albany Congress resulted in
a. a permanent cooperative organization of the colonies
b. rejection of the congress’s proposal for colonial home rule both by London and by the
individual colonies
c. a sharp increase in Indian attacks on colonial settlements
d. a growing colonial sympathy with France in the war against Britain
e. the emergence of New York as the most politically influential of the colonies

Chapter 7

14) The most important action the First Continental Congress took to protest the Intolerable
Acts was
a. forming the Association to impose a complete boycott of all British goods
b. organizing a colonial militia to prepare for military resistance
c. forming Committees of Correspondence to communicate among all the colonies and
develop political opposition to British rule
d. sending petitions to the British Parliament demanding repeal of the laws
e. adopting a provisional declaration of independence, which would go into effect if the law
were not repealed

15) The British parliamentary government at the time of the American Revolution was headed
by
a. William Pitt
b. Charles Townshend
c. Edmund Burke
d. Lord North
e. Thomas Hutchinson

Chapter 8

16) Thomas Paine’s appeal for a new republican form of government attracted many Americans
because
a. they believed that social class differences promoted by monarchy were wrong
b. they expected that it would encourage an alliance with republican France
c. they were impressed that Paine was drawing on the best classical ideas from Plato’s
Republic
d. they were fearful that the wealthy southern planters like Washington wanted to
establish nobility in America
e. their own experience with local and colonials self-governance had prepared them for the
idea they did not need a monarch

17) The Declaration of Independence’s proclamation that all governments everywhere should be
based on universal human rights and consent of the people soon had an impact on
a. the movement to abolish the British monarchy
b. the French Revolution and its Declaration of the Rights of Man
c. Thomas Jefferson’s decision to emancipate his own slaves.
d. The first attempts to create an international organization comparable to the United
Nations
e. Political philosophers like Edmund Burke and Voltaire
Part II Chapter 9

18) Despite the Revolution’s emphasis on human rights and equality, the Founding Fathers failed
to abolish slavery because
a. they saw it as necessary to maintain American power
b. they feared black rebellion if slavery were removed
c. of their fear that a fight over slavery would destroy fragile national unity
d. almost none of them believed slavery was wrong
e. many of them felt guilty about interracial sexual liaisons with their slaves

19) Attempts to establish strong governments in post-Revolutionary America was seriously

hindered by the
a. lack of strong leadership available in the new nation
b. revolutionary ideology that preached natural rights and suspicion of all governmental
authority
c. hostility of the clergy toward the idea of separation of church and state
d. fear that a strong government would suppress economic development
e. seizure of power by dangerous demagogues like Daniel Stays
20) The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation was that
a. it was unable to deal with the issue of western lands
b. it was still too subservient to America’s ally, France
c. it had no power to establish relations with foreign governments
d. there was no judicial branch to balance the legislative and executive branches
e. it had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states

21) The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that

a. the states should retain permanent control of their western lands
b. money from the sale of western lands should be used to promote manufacturing
c. after sufficient population growth, western territories could be organized and then join
the union as states
d. the settlers in the northwest could vote on whether or not they should have slavery
e. the Old Northwest states should have permanent access to the Great Lakes water

22) Besides George Washington, the most influential delegates to the Constitutional Convention
were
a. John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and John Hancock
b. Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Paine
c. John Adams, Abigail Adams, and Gouverneur Morris
d. Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton
e. Daniel Shays, Richard Henry Lee, and John Marshall

23) The Great Compromise, finally agreed to by the Constitutional Convention, provided that
a. The House of Representatives would be elected by people and the Senate by state
legislatures
b. The large states would be taxed on the basis of population and the small states on the
basis of territory
c. There would be separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches of
government.
d. There would be representation by population in the House of Representatives but equal
representation of all states in the Senate
e. Slavery would continue to be permitted in the South but not in the North
Chapter 10

24) A key addition to the new federal government that had been demanded by many critics of
the Constitution and others in the ratifying states was
a. a cabinet to advise the president
b. a written bill of rights to guarantee protections of liberties
c. a supreme court
d. federal assumption of state debts
e. a federal district where the capital would be located

25) The influential Founder and member of Congress who wrote the Bill of Rights was
a. George Washington
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. John Marshall
d. Alexander Hamilton
e. James Madison

26) The Bill of Rights is the name given to provisions whose actual legal form consists of
a. an executive proclamation of President George Washington
b. Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution
c. A set of rulings issued by the Supreme Court
d. The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the U.S.
e. The common law rights inherited from the English Magna Carta

27) Hamilton’s first financial policies were intended to

a. finance the new government through the sale of western lands
b. fund the national debt and to have the federal government assume the debts owed by
the states
c. repudiate the debts accumulated by the government of the Articles of Confederation
d. insure that low federal taxes would spur economic growth
e. guarantee that the dollar would become a sound and respected international currency

28) Thomas Jefferson and the Republican Party essentially believed that the whole future of
American society rested on the essential foundation of
a. wealthy planters and merchants
b. international trade and westward expansion
c. free, white, educated, small landowning farmers
d. evangelical Protestants and learned scientists and technicians
e. a political coalition of whites and African Americans

29) The Federalists essentially believed that

a. most governmental power should be retained by the states or by the people themselves
b. the federal government should provide no special aid to private business
c. the common people could, if educated, participate in government affairs
d. the U.S. should have a powerful central government by the wealthy and well educated
e. the U.S. should isolate itself from Europe and turn toward westward expansion

Chapter 11

30) The case of Marbury v. Madison established the principle that

a. the president, Conress, and the Supreme Court are equal branches of government
b. federal laws take precedence over state legislation
c. the president has the right to appoint the federal judiciary
d. the Supreme Court is the final court of appeal in the federal judiciary
e. the Supreme Court has the final right to determine the constitutionality of legislation
 31) Although greatly weakened after Jefferson’s election, the Federalist party’s philosophy
continued to have great influence through
a. the propaganda efforts of Federalist agitators
b. the Federalist control of the U.S. Senate
c. the Federalist Supreme Court rulings of John Marshall
d. Federalist sympathies within the U.S. army and navy
e. Federalist teachers and textbooks in the Public schools

32) which of the following was NOT among the consequences of the Louisiana Purchase
a. The geographical and scientific discoveries of the Lewis and Clark expedition
b. The Weakening of the power of the presidency in foreign affairs
c. The precedent of incorporating foreign territory and populations in the U.S. through
peaceful purchase
d. The pursuit of isolationism as America’s primary foreign policy outlook
e. The opportunity of westward expansion and growth of the U.S. as a great power

Chapter 12

33) One significant domestic consequence of the War of 1812 was

a. a weakening of respect for American naval forces
b. an increased threat from Indians in the West
c. the revival of the Federalists as a threat to the politically weakened Madison
d. a decline of nationalism and a growth of sectionalism
e. an increase in domestic manufacturing and economic independence

34) The new nationalistic feeling right after the War of 1812 was evident in all of the following
except
a. the development of a distinctive national literature
b. an increased emphasis on economic independence
c. the addition of significant new territory to the U.S.
d. a new pride in the American army and navy
e. the cry for the development of a better national transportation system

35) Besides admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine a free state; the Missouri Compromise
also
a. said slavery would not be permitted anywhere in the Louisiana Purchase territory north
of the southern boundary of Missouri, except in Missouri itself.
b. The number of proslavery and antislavery members of the House of Representatives
would be kept permanently equal
c. The international slave trade would be permanently ended
d. Slavery would be gradually ended in the District of Columbia
e. The U.S. would promote the settlement of free blacks in Liberia

36) In the case of Dartmouth College v. Woodard, John Marshall’s Supreme Court held that
a. the Supreme Court had the power to decide on the constitutionally of state laws
b. private colleges, and not the state, had the right to set rules and regulations for their
students and faculty
c. only congress and not the states could regulate interstate commerce
d. only the federal government and not states could charter educational and other
nonprofit institutions
e. the states could not violate the charter of a private, nonprofit corporation like
Dartmouth College once it had been granted
 37) As proclaimed by Monroe in his message of 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that
a. only the U.S. had the right to intervene to promote democracy in Latin America
b. the British and Americans would act together to prevent further Russian expansion on
the Pacific coast
c. The U.S. would not tolerate further European intervention or colonization in the
Americas
d. The U.S. would support the Greeks in their fight for independence against Turkey
e. The U.S. and new Latin American republics would resist British attempts to control
American trade

Chapter 13

38) The Jacksonian charge that John Q. Adams won the presidency through a corrupt bargain
arose because
a. William Crawford threw his electoral votes to Adams in exchange for a seat in the Senate
b. Members of the HOR claimed that they had been bribed to vote for Adams
c. Adams ended his previous opposition to Henry Clay’s American System
d. Jackson discovered that there had been vote fraud in several pro-Adams state
e. After Henry Clay threw his support to Adams, he was appointed secretary of state

39) Jackson’s strong appeal to the common people arose partly because
a. Americans finally understood the ideas of the Declaration of Independence
b. Many citizens were tired of the partisan fights between Republicans and the Federalists
c. He had risen from the masses and reflected many of their prejudices in his personal
attitudes and outlook
d. Farmer and labor organizations aroused populist opposition to elitist politics
e. He was skilled at appealing to the public’s evangelical religion and fervent patriotism

40) Andrew Jackson’s approach during the South Carolina nullification crisis was to
a. acknowledge the injustices of the high Tariff of Abominations and seek to lower it
b. seek to strengthen SC unionists while politically isolating the nullifiers
c. join hands with Henry Clay in attempting to find a compromise solution
d. attempt to change the focus of attention from the tariff to slavery
e. mobilize a sizable military force and threaten to hand the nullifiers

41) Under the surface of the South’s opposition to the Tariff of Abominations was
a. a desire to develop its own textile industry
b. competition between southern cotton growers and Midwestern grain farmers
c. a strong preference for British manufactured goods over American-produced goods
d. a fear of growing federal power that might interfere with slavery
e. a belief that the high tariff would foster immigration and urbanization

42) Jackson’s veto of the Bank of the U.S. recharter bill represented a
a. response to European investors’ lack of faith in the dollar
b. attempt to assure bankers and creditors that the federal government had their interests
at heart.
c. Concession to Henry Clay and his National Republican followers
d. Gain for sound banking and a financially stable currency system
e. Bold assertion of presidential power on behalf of western farmers and other debtors
 43) The Panic of 1837 and the subsequent severe depression were caused primarily by
a. the stock market collapse and a sharp decline in grain prices
b. a lack of new investment in industry and technology
c. the threat of war with Mexico over Texas
d. overspeculation and Jackson’s hard-money financial policies
e. British investors’ loss of confidence in American business

44) Prominent leaders of the Whig party included

a. Martin Van Buren and John C. Calhoun
b. David Crockett and Nicholas Biddle
c. Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison
d. Stephen Austin and Sam Houston
e. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster

Chapter 14

45) In 1850, over one-half of the American population was

a. foreign-born
b. living west of the Mississippi River
c. under the age of thirty
d. living in cities of over 100,000 people
e. Irish or German

46) Compared to European immigration to other countries like Australia and Argentina,
immigrants to the U.S. were
a. from a greater diversity of European countries
b. more affluent
c. primarily from European urban centers rather than rural areas
d. English-speaking
e. Politically liberal or radicals

47) The two leading sources of European immigration to America in the 1840’s and 1850’s were
a. France and Italy
b. Germany and France
c. Germany and Ireland
d. Ireland and Norway
e. Britain and the Netherlands

48) Industrialization was, the at first, slow to arrive in America because

a. there was a shortage of labor, capital, and consumers
b. low tariff rates invited foreign imports
c. the country lacked the educational system necessary to develop technology
d. the country lacked a patent system to guarantee investors profits for new machinery
e. most American consumers preferred hand-crafted goods.

49) The first industry to be substantially dominated by the new factory system of mass
manufacturing was the
a. shipbuilding industry
b. telegraph and communications industry
c. agricultural implement industry
d. iron-making industry
e. textile industry
 50) The greatest economic and political impact of NY’s Erie Canal was to
a. make upstate NY the new center of American agriculture
b. delay the development of railroads by several decades
c. tie the agricultural Midwest by trade to the Northeast rather than to the South
d. enable southern cotton to reach New England without ocean transport
e. make the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers the primary paths of inland transportation

51) The new regional division of labor created by improved transportation meant that the South
specialized in
a. cotton, the West in grain and livestock, and the East in manufacturing
b. manufacturing, the West in transportation, and the East in grain and livestock
c. cotton, the West in manufacturing, the East in finance
d. grain and livestock, the West in cotton, and the East in transportation
e. manufacturing, the West in cotton, and the East in communication

52) One major effect of industrialization was a/an

a. increasing economic equality among all citizens
b. strengthening of the family as an economic unit
c. increasingly stable labor force
d. rise in ethnic tensions
e. rise in the gap between the rich and the poor

Chapter 15

53) The tendency toward rationalism and indifference in religion was reversed beginning about
1800 by
a. the rise of Deism and Unitarianism
b. the rise of new groups like the Mormons and Christian Scientists
c. the revivalist movement called the Second Great Awakening
d. a large influx of religiously traditional immigrants
e. the emergence of Roman Catholicism

54) The major effect of the growing slavery controversy on the churches was
a. A major missionary effort directed at converting African American slaves
b. The organization of the churches to lobby for the abolition of slavery
c. An agreement to keep political issues like slavery out of the religious area.
d. A prohibition on slaveowning by clergy
e. A split of Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians into separate northern and southern
churches

55) The major promoter of an effective tax-supported system of free public education for all
American children was
a. Mary Lyons
b. Horace Mann
c. Noah Webster
d. Susan B. Anthony
e. Abraham Lincoln
Practice AP TEST questions Unit I

56) Most slaves were brought by the Spanish to the New World to harvest which of the following
crops?
a. tobacco
b. banana
c. cotton
d. coffee
e. sugar

57) The two main products that Marco Polo returned with from Asia that stimulated a desire for
foreign goods in Europe were
a. gold and silver
b. silks and jewels
c. cloth and furs
d. spices and grain
e. tea and coffee

58) England’s claim to the North American mainland was based on the exploration of which man
in 1497?
a. Giovanni Verrazano
b. Henry Hudson
c. Amerigo Vespucci
d. John Cabot
e. Sir Francis Drake

59) The Powerful Native American Confederation in the Northeast was the
a. Creek
b. Huron
c. Algonquin
d. Lakota
e. Iroquois

Unit II

60) The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America’s relationship to Great Britain
because it led Great Britain to
a. encourage colonial manufacturers
b. impose revenue taxes on the colonies
c. restrict immigration from England
d. ignore the colonies
e. grant increased colonial self government

61) Which of the following colonies is NOT properly paired with the primary reason for its
founding
a. Maryland-a haven for persecuted Catholics to come to from England
b. Plymouth-a place for those who had separated from the Church of England
c. New York-to provide land to farmer who had been forced off the land by the enclosure
movement
d. Virginia-for economic reasons to bring profits to its founders
e. Georgia-a place for debtors and dispossessed
62) Which three colonies had the greatest degree of religious toleration and religious diversity?
a. Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Connecticut
b. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
c. New York, Virginia, New Jersey
d. Delaware, Canada, Barbados
e. Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland

63) The Great Awakening of the 1740’s in the colonies was

a. a political movement in which Americans debated the dangers posed by the increasing
British presence in the colonies
b. a religious revival that brought new harmony to colonial society and reversed the trend
towards religious pluralism
c. a popular expression of pride in rising wealth and power of the colonies
d. a spiritual movement that aroused masses of ordinary people to intense emotional
concern about the state of their souls
e. an extension of the Enlightenment that philosophers such as Voltaire and Rousseau
were promoting in Europe

64) The “established” or tax-supported church of New England was which of the following?
a. Quakers
b. Presbyterian
c. Anglican
d. Congregationalist
e. Baptist

65) The town meeting with its direct democracy of open discussion and open voting was typical
of which region of the colonies
a. Chesapeake
b. Plantation Colonies
c. Middle Colonies
d. Western territories
e. New England

66) What was the primary purpose of the Albany Congress?

a. To plan an intercolonial defense against the Spanish
b. Secure the loyalty of the Native American tribes
c. Resist wartime taxes levied by the British against the American colonials
d. Organize a colonial militia attack on Spanish Florida
e. Negotiate a treaty ending the Seven Years War

67) Which of the following individuals proposed the Albany Plan of Union in 1754?
a. George Washington
b. Alexander Hamilton
c. Samuel Adams
d. Patrick Henry
e. Benjamin Franklin
UNIT III

68) All of the following are true regarding the Stamp Act and the American colonies EXCEPT
a. Before passing it British official consulted with colonial leaders like Benjamin Franklin
who indicated it would not be a problem
b. By their actions the people defeated the Stamp Act before it was able to go into effect
c. The use of nonimportation and non-consumption caused the British merchants to
pressure their government for repeal
d. The mobs were able to intimidate the stamp masters so no stamps were issued
e. After the main tax was repealed the British kept taxes on alcohol and tobacco which the
colonists accepted

69) All of the following are true regarding the British during the Revolutionary War EXCEPT
a. Politically the nation was unified in the war effort in wanting to keep the colonist from
revolting
b. Blacks who fought on the British side sometimes received their freedom for doing this
c. Most native American tribes and especially the Iroquois fought on the British side
d. After France entered the war the British were more concerned with the French than the
Americans
e. They won most of the pitched battles but had problems adapting to colonists “guerilla
warfare”

70) Under the Articles of the Confederation, Congress had the power to do all of the following
EXCEPT
a. levy taxes
b. regulate the value of coin of the U.S. and the member states
c. borrow money
d. issue bills of credit
e. print money

71) Under the theory of mercantilism which of the following statements is true?
a. Colonies were expected to provide tax revenues that enriched Britain
b. Colonies were expected to sell raw materials directly to foreign nations for hold and
return that wealth to Britain
c. Manufacturing was encouraged in the colonies as a means of diversifying the economy of
the empire
d. Britain planned/executed a careful strategy of colonization and development
e. Colonies were expected to produce raw materials which the mother country could not
produce for itself or which the mother country could sell to other nations

72) The sovereignty of the new American states, according to the theory of republicanism, rested
entirely upon what?
a. written constitution
b. divine power
c. authority of the people
d. “common law” traditions inherited from Britain
e. ancient Roman and Greed examples

73) According to the ideas of a constitution as accepted in the new American states, a
constitution must represent what?
a. written contracts that defined the powers of government
b. evolution of ideas since the Roman Republic
c. divine power
d. democratic ideals
e. right of kings
Unit IV

74) All of the following are reason the “Founding Fathers” wrote the Constitution except
a. they believed that liberty was enhanced by democracy
b. they distrusted the common man as well as the elites
c. a balanced government could keep one class from plundering another
d. they believed a good Constitution could control the actions of men and keep them in
check
e. a Republic was the ideal form of government compared to all other types

75) The concept of Federalism included all of the following components in the Constitution
except?
a. the division of power between the states and the central government
b. the balancing of states’ rights and the central authority
c. the subordination of all other political power to the federal government
d. states are sovereign in the area of reserved powers
e. the idea of having a balanced government amongst competing interests

76) Among the power that Congress has under the Constitution but did not have under the
Articles of Confederation is the power to
a. regulate commerce
b. borrow money
c. declare war
d. establish post offices
e. make treaties

77) To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the U.S. did all of the following
except
a. organize a federal court system under the supreme court
b. draft a bill of rights and send it to the states for ratification
c. pass a tariff for the sole purpose of raising revenue
d. grand subsidies to encourage industrial development
e. establish the state department to conduct foreign policy

78) Which of the following most accurately describe the attitude of the Founding Fathers toward
political parties?
a. parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of
republican government
b. parties are engines of democracy that provide citizens with a voice in government
c. parties are necessary evils in any republic
d. in a large republic, parties are the best means of creating effective coalitions of interest
groups
e. a two party system is essential to a stable republic

79) The Virginia and Kentucky Resolution

a. endorsed the Alien and Sedition Acts
b. were the Federalist response to Jefferson’s ideas
c. would become a cornerstone of U.S. political thought regarding the meaning of the
Constitution
d. advanced the compact theory of government and the idea of nullification
e. spoke out against the Bill of Rights
80) Which state’s “large-state plan” pushed the idea that representation in Congress under the
new Constitution should be based solely upon population?
a. Massachusetts
b. Connecticut
c. New Jersey
d. Pennsylvania
e. Virginia

81) The “small-state plan” proposing that each state should have equal number of votes in a
unicameral Congress was offered by which state?
a. Massachusetts
b. Connecticut
c. New Jersey
d. Pennsylvania
e. Virginia

82) One key compromise called the “Three-fifths Compromise” concerned which of the following
issues?
a. interstate commerce
b. elections
c. slaves
d. immigration
e. states’ rights

83) The Anti-Federalists mounted all of the following criticism of the new Constitution except
a. ratification process was flawed unfair
b. proposed federal navy was expensive, unnecessary
c. absence of bill of rights threatened liberties
d. sovereignty of the states had been violated
e. creation of a standing army threatened freedom

84) Hamilton’s financial successes: funding at par, assumption of debts, the excise tax, and the
national bank were accomplished by encroaching upon and threatening the strength of
which of the following?
a. implied powers concept
b. states’ rights
c. due process theory
d. balance of powers system
e. republicanism

85) The two-party system had never been envisioned by the founding fathers. Its emergence is
accurately described by all of the following statements except
a. Party positions tended to separate those who favored states’ rights from those who
favored strong central government
b. Centered around opposition or support for Hamilton’s financial policies
c. When out of power, the opposition party tended to disrupt the functioning of
government and split the nation
d. Focused on the personalities of Hamilton on one side and Jefferson/Madison on the
other.
e. Partisanship in the newspapers of Hamilton/Jefferson’s day was a major factor in the
development of political parties
 86) In the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions which of the following concepts was proposed?
a. “necessary and proper clause”
b. “strict construction” interpretation
c. states’ rights concept
d. nullification
e. “due process” clause

Unit V

87) Although greatly weakened after Jefferson’s election, the Federalist political philosophy
continued to have great influence through
a. the propaganda efforts of Federalists agitators
b. the federalist control of the Senate
c. Federalist sympathies in the U.S. army and navy
d. The Federalist judicial rulings of John Marshall
e. The fact that most journalist were Federalist which influenced public opinion

88) A high tariff was generally favored by which section and internal improvements were
favored by which section in the antebellum period?
a. New England and the South
b. The South and New England
c. New England and the West
d. The West and the North
e. The West and the South

89) The controversy over the admission of Missouri in 1820 centered mainly about which issue?
a. evils of slavery
b. national political and economic balance
c. the tariff question
d. strict construction versus loose construction
e. quieting the abolitionist movement

90) The period of post-war nationalism that followed the War of 1812 has also been called the
a. reform era
b. progressive age
c. Era of good feeling
d. Depression Age
e. Age of Excess

91) All of the following are characteristics of Andrew Jackson as President except
a. a desire to diminish the size of the national government
b. the reliance upon his official cabinet for political advice
c. his goal making the Supreme Court and Congress subservient to him
d. the use of government jobs as a potent, personal, political machine
e. the destruction of the Bank of the U.S.

92) All of the following are characteristics of the Whig party except
a. a willingness to see government in a positive way and use it for community values
b. its support for public education and scientific advances
c. it stood for some of the old Federalist positions on issues and Federalist values
d. its appeal to the fundamental Protestants belief in social and moral reform
e. belief that the cure for the ills of democracy would be more democracy
 93) The case of Marbury v. Madison established which of the following concepts?
a. individual citizens cannot sue the federal government
b. judicial review
c. checks and balances
d. separation of powers
e. federalism

94) Chief Justice John Marshall struck at the validity of the states’ rights position, upheld the
sovereign power of the federal government, and reminded the states that only Congress had
the authority to regulate interstate commerce in which case?
a. Gibbon v. Ogden (1824)
b. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
c. Cohen v. Virginia (1821)
d. Dartmouth College v. woodward (1819)
e. Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

95) Chief Justice upheld the constitutionality of the U.S. Bank, strengthened federal authority at
the expense of the states, and affirmed Hamilton’s interpretation of the powers of the federal
government in which case?
a. Gibbon v Ogden (1824)
b. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
c. Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
d. Cohen v. Virginia (1821)
e. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

96) During the Age of Jacksonian Democracy which of the following changes was typical?
a. Politicians emphasized a high education or strong qualifications for the job; boasted of
their upper class status or wealth
b. Percentage of eligible voters casting ballots increased with each election as politics
became a mass activity
c. Parties relied primarily upon mass communication tools, especially the newspaper and
pamphlets
d. Party bosses tried to clean up their acts; ridding the party of corruption, kickbacks, and
the spoils system
e. Political deals, congressional caucuses, behind the scenes manipulation were common
during this era

Unit VI

97) In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney’s major contribution to American technology was
his
a. introduction of interchangeable parts
b. development of the first practical locomotive
c. invention of the mechanical reaper
d. development of steam power
e. installation of the first textile mill

98) The American plunge into the Industrial Revolution in the years before the Civil War was
brought about by which of the following industries?
a. railroads
b. iron
c. coal
d. steel production
e. textiles
99) Who was the Massachusetts educator who campaigned for more schools, better teacher pay,
longer school terms and an expanded curriculum?
a. Horace Mann
b. Noah Webster
c. William McGuffey
d. Ralph Waldo Emerson
e. Peter Cartwright

100) At the Seneca Falls Convention this individual defiantly read a modified version of
the Declaration of Independence calling for more rights for women. Who was she?
a. Emma Willard
b. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
c. Margaret Fuller
d. Jane Adams
e. Dorothea Dix