CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 1:
A 120 kg man walks on a 4 m. plank resting on rough surfaces at A and B.
Given:
Coefficient of friction at A = 0.40
Coefficient of friction at B = 0.20

➀ At what distance x will the plank start to

slide?
➁ What is the friction force (N) at A?
➂ Find the vertical force (N) at B?

Solution:
➀ Distance x when the plank start to slide
ΣMB = 0
R A Cos 8.2˚ (4) = 120(9.81)x
R A = 297.43x

Using Sine Law:

RB 120(9.81)
=
Sin8.2˚ Sin160.49˚
R B = 502.75 N
RA 120(9.81)
=
Sin11.31˚ Sin160.49˚
R A = 691.28 N

R A = 297.34x
691.28 = 297.35x
x = 2.32 m.
➂ Vertical force at B
NB = RB Cos 11.31˚
➁ Friction force at A
NB = 502.75 Cos 11.31˚
FA = 691.28 Sin 21.8˚
NB = 493 N
FA = 256.72 N
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 2:
Pre stressed hollow core slabs with typical section shown in the figure are used for the flooring of a library.
Properties of the slab are as follows:
A = 1.4 x 105 mm2
St = Sb = 6.8 x 106 mm3
a = 1.2 m. b
b = 200 mm
The slab is pre stressed with 820 kN force at an eccentricity
a
e = 63 mm below the neutral axis of the section.
Slab weight = 2.7 kPa
Super imposed (DL) = 2.0 kPa
Live load = 2.9 kPa
The slab is simply supported on a span of 8 m. Allowable stresses at service loads are 2.0 MPa in tension
and 15.5 MPa in compression. Consider 15% loss of pre stressed at service loads.
➀ Compute the stress at the top fibers of the slab at the ends due to the initial pre stress force.
➁ Determine the resulting stress at the top fibers of the slab at midspan due to the loads and pre stress
force.
➂ Determine the maximum total load (kN/m) including its own weight, that the slab can be subjected to
if the allowable stress at service loads are not to be exceeded.

Solution:
➀ Stress at the top fibers of the slab at the ends 200
mm
due to the initial pre stress force
P M
ft = - + 1.2 m
A S
820000 820000(63) N.A.
ft = - + P
1.4 x 105 6.8 x 106
ft = +1.74 MPa (tension) M=P e

➁ Resulting stress at the top fibers of the slab at midspan due to the loads and pre stress force
LL = 2.9(1.2) = 3.48 kN/m
Slab weight = 2.7(1.2) = 3.24 kN/m
Super imposed load = 2(1.2) = 2.4 kN/m
Total load = 3.48 + 3.24 + 2.4 = 9.12 kN/m
WL2 9.12(8)2
M= = = 72.96 x 106 N.mm
8 8
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 2: Continuation
P Pe C MC
ft = - + -
A I I 697000 697000(63) 72.96 x 106
ft = - + -
P Pe M
ft = - + - 1.4 x 105 6.8 x 106 6.8 x 106
A St St ft = - 4.98 + 6.46 - 10.73
P = 820(0.85) ft = - 9.25 MPa (compression)
P = 697 kN (after loss of stress)

➂ Maximum total load (kN/m) including its own weight, that the slab can be subjected to if the allowable
stress at service loads are not to be exceeded
- 4.98 + 6.46 - ft = - 15.5
-P/A +Pe/S b -f t -15.5
ft = 16.98 MPa

- 4.98 - 6.46 + fb = 2.0

+ + =
fb = 13.44 MPa
When fb = 13.44 MPa
M
fb = -P/A -Pe/S b +f b +2.0
Sb
M
13.44 =
6.8 x 106 -4.98 +6.46 -f t -15.5
M = 91.39 kN.m
When ft = - 16.98
M
ft = + + =
St
M
16.98 =
6.8 x 106
M = 115.46 kN.m -4.98 -6.46 +f b +2.0
Safe moment = 91.39 kN/m

WL2
M=
8
W(8)2
91.39 =
8
W = 11.42 kN / m
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 3:
A hollow circular steel column is supported on a steel base plate and a concrete pedestal. Column ends
are hinged and sidesway is prevented.

Given:
Column axial load = 780 kN Allowable column compressive stress = 55 MPa
Column inside diameter = 250 mm Allowable concrete bearing stress = 10 MPa

➀ Calculate the critical slenderness ratio of the column if its thickness is 10 mm and a height of 3 m.
➁ Find the minimum required thickness (mm) of the column.
➂ What is the safe diameter (mm) of the base plate?

Solution:
➀ Critical slenderness ratio of the column if its thickness is 10 mm
π
I= ⎡(270)4 - (250)4 ⎤ = 69.12 x 106
64 ⎣ ⎦
10
π
A= ⎡(270)2 - (250)2 ⎤ = 8168.14
4 ⎣ ⎦
250

I 69.12 x 106
r= = = 91.99 10
A 8168.14

KL (1)(3000)
= = 32.61 mm
r 91.99

➁ Minimum required thickness of the column ➂ Safe diameter of the base plate
P P
σ= σ=
A A
780,000 t 780,000
55 = 10 =
π π 2
⎡(250 + 2t)2 - (250)2 ⎤ 250 d
4 ⎣ ⎦ 4
(250 + 2t)2 = 80,556.85 d = 315.14 say 320 mm
t
250 + 2t = 283.83
t = 16.92 say 18 mm
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 4:
Given: P = 40 kN
W = 8 kN/m w
L1 = 2.5 m
L2 = 0.3 m P

0.3
L2=

L
1=2
.5

➀ Which of the following gives the bending moment at C?

➁ Which of the following gives the twisting moment at C?
➂ Which of the following gives the shear at C?

Solution:
➀ Bending moment at C
Moment at C :
8(25)2
M= + 40(2.5)
2
M = 125 kN.m.

➁ Twisting moment at C
MC = 40(0.3)
MC = 12 kN.m.

➂ Shear at C
VC = 40 + 8(25)
VC = 60 kN
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 5:
A 250 mm thick concrete wall is to be centrally located on a footing.
➀ How much is the required least resisting moment so that there will be no
tensile stress in the footing if the loads on the footing are as follows.
Total vertical load = 432 KN
Overturning moment = 288 KN.m
Footing width = 4 m.
➁ Find the smallest footing width that will prevent uplift.
Total vertical load = 360 KN
Resisting moment = 756 KN.m
Overturning moment = 252 KN.m
➂ Which of the following gives the resulting maximum soil pressure in MPa if the
load on the footing are as follows.
Total vertical load = 250 KN
Resisting moment = 470 KN.m
Overturning moment = 245 KN.m P=432 kN
Footing width = 3.0 m.
RM OM=288

Solution:
➀ Least resisting moment so that there
will be no tensile stress in the footing.

R y x = RM - OM 4m
e x=4/3
⎛ 4⎞ Ry
432 ⎜ ⎟ = RM - 288
⎝ 3⎠ 2m 2m
B/3 B/3 B/3
RM = 864 KN.m O
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 5: Continuation
➁ Smallest footing width that will prevent uplift.
P = 360 kN

RM = 756 kN.m OM = 252 kN.m

R y x = RM - OM

⎛ B⎞
360 ⎜ ⎟ = 756 - 252
⎝ 2⎠
B = 2.8 m.
x =B/2
Ry
B
O

➂ Resulting maximum soil pressure:

P=250 kN
R y x = RM - OM

250 x = 470 - 245

RM=470 kN.m OM=254 kN.m
x = 0.90

Ry =
( )
2.7 fmax
2
3m

250 =
( )
2.7 fmax 3(0.9)=2.7
2
fmax = 185 kPa fmax

0.90

Ry =350


CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 6:
At ultimate condition, the uniformly distributed loads for beams KLMNO and PQRST are as
follows.
Dead Load,WDL = 15KN/m (beam weight included)
Live Load, WLL = 19 KN/m.

Given
L = 6 m. s = 2.5 m.
t = 100 mm bxh = 300x450 mm
For maximum stress, apply full live load.

➀ How much is the maximum negative

moment in beam KLMNO?
➁ Find the maximum shear in beam
KLMNO.
➂ What is the maximum positive moment
in beam MN?

Solution:
➀ Maximum negative moment in beam KLMNO
L = 6 – 0.3
L = 5.7
Wu = 15 + 19
Wu = 34 KN/m
Wu L2
Mu =
10
34(5.7)2
Mu = = 110.5 kN.m. ➂ Maximum positive moment
10
Wu L2
Mu = +
➁ Maximum shear 14
1.15WuL u 34(5.7)2
Vmax = Mu = + = 78.9 kN.m.
2 14
1.15(34)(5.7
Vmax = = 111.4 kN
2
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 7:
The line of action of the force P coincides with the axis of the angle which is at distance “a” from the back
of the connected leg. Do not include end turns.
Given: P
Properties of vertical member
2 agles 75 mm x 75 mm x 8 mm thick. gusset plate

A = 21 mm.
Area of 2 angles = 2290 mm2
Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa. L2
Allowable weld shear stress: Fvw = 93 MPa. L1
Weld thickness = 5 mm
➀ Which of the following gives the maximum tensile stress
capacity of the angles? end returns
a=25
➁ Given: L1 = 50 mm L2 = 130 mm.
Which of the following gives the allowable load P based on the capacity of the welded connection?
➂ Given: P = 270 KN
Which of the following gives the required length of weld L2?

Solution:
➀ Maximum tensile stress capacity of the angles
P = 0.60 FyAg
P = 0.60 (248)(2290) = 340.75 kN

➁ Allowable load based on capacity of welded connections

P
= 0.707 tLFv
2
P
= 0.707(5)(50+130)(93)
2
P = 118352 N
P = 118.35 kN

➂ Length of weld L2 if P = 270 kN

ΣM A = 0
135000(54) = P2 (75)
P2 = 97200
P2 = 0.707tL 2Fv
97200 = 0.707(5)L 2 (93)
L 2 = 295.66 mm say 300 mm
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 8:
To prevent the ladder from sliding down, the man exerts a horizontal force at C.

Given:
L1 = 1.5 m.
L2 = 4.5 m.
Ø = 30˚

➀ Find the horizontal force at C, which the man should exert if the weight of the ladder is
500 N. Assume that surface A and B are frictionless.
➁ If the weight of the ladder is 500 N, what is the reaction at A? Surface A and B are
frictionless.
➂ Find the maximum weight of the ladder that can be held from sliding if the man exerts
force C = 200 N. Coefficient of friction at A is 0.30 and at B is 0.20.

Solution:
➀ Horizontal force at C that the maximum should exert to prevent the ladder from sliding
down
∑Fv = 0
RA = 500
F = RB
∑MA = 0
6 Sin 30˚ RB = 500(3)Cos 30˚ + F Cos 60˚ (1.5)
3 F = 1300 + 0.75 F
2.25 F = 1300
F = 577.7 N

➁ Reaction at A: if A and B are frictionless

RA = 500 N
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 8: Continuation
➂ Maximum weight of the ladder that can be held from sliding if the man exerts a force
C = 200 N. Coefficient of friction at A is 0.30 and at B is 0.20.
tan θ = 0.30 tan ß = 0.20
θ = 16.70˚ ß = 11.31˚

ΣFh = 0
R A Sin 16.70 + 200 = R B Cos 11.31˚
R A + 696 = 3.41 R B
R A = 3.41 R B - 696

ΣFv = 0
R A Cos 16.7˚ + R B Sin 11.31˚ = w
(3.41 R B - 696)Cos16.7˚ + R BSin 11.31˚ = w
327 R B - 666.64 + 0.196 R B = w
3466 R B = w + 666.64

ΣM A = 0
200(1.5) Sin 30˚ + w (3) Cos 30˚ = R B Sin 11.31˚(6) Cos 30˚ + R B Cos 11.31˚(6) Sin 30˚
150 + 2.6 w = 1.02 R B + 2.94R B
150 + 2.6 w = 3.96R B

3.96R B = 150 + 2.6 w by 3.466

3.466R B = 666.64 + w by 3.96

13.725R B = 520 + 9 w
3.466R B = 2640 + 3.96 w

520 + 9w = 2640 + 3.96 w

5.04 w = 2120
w = 420.6 say 421 N
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 9:
The water supply pipe shown is suspended from a cable using a series of close and equal spaced
hangers. The length of the pipe is supported by the cable is 60 m. The total weight of the pipe filled with
water is 6.5 KN/m.

➀ What is the maximum sag at the lowest point of the cable which occurs at mid length if the allowable
tensile load in the cable is 2550 KN?
➁ The sag of the cable at mid length is 3 m. Find the maximum axial stress (MPa) if the cable diameter
is 75 mm.
③ The sag of the cable at mid length is 2 m. If the allowable tensile load in the cable is 2000 KN, how
much additional load can the cable carry?

Solution:
➀ Maximum sag at the lowest point of the cable if the allowable tensile load in the cable is 2550 KN

H2 = (2550)2 – (195)2
H2 = 2542.53 KN

ΣMA = 0
2542.53(y) = 195(15)
y = 1.15 m. (maximum sag)

➁ Maximum axial stress if the sag at mid length is 3 m. and the diameter of cable is 25 mm
ΣMA = 0
3H = 195(15)
H = 875
T2 = (145)2 + (975)2
T = 994.31 KN
T = A s fs
π 2
994310 = 4 (75) fs
fs = 225 MPa

③ Additional load that the cable can carry if the sag is 2m and the allowable tensile load in the cable is
2000 KN
ΣMA = 0
H = 225 w
(2000)2 = (30w)2 + (225 w)2
w = 8.81 KN.m
Additional load = 8.81 – 6.5 = 2.31 KN/m
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 10: A B C D E

Given: L=8m S1=2.5 m

K L M N O
S1 = 2.5 m
S2 = 3 m S2=3 m

Total dead load = 4.6 kPa F G H I J

Live load = 4.8 kPa L1=8 L2=8 L3=8 L4=8

U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Beam KLMNO is to be analyzed for the wL wL wL wL
maximum forces at ultimate condition.
K L M N O

L L L L
➀ Which of the following gives the
R A=0.393wL R B=1.143wL R C=0.928wL R D=1.143wL R E=0.393wL
maximum shear at span LM?
0.536wL 0.464wL 0.607wL
0.393wL

➁ Which of the following gives the span SHEAR

moment when all spans are fully loaded? 0.464wL

0536wL
0.393wL
0.607wL

+0.0772wL 2 +0.0364wL 2 +0.0772wL 2

➂ Which of the following gives the max. +0.0364wL
2

MOMENT
shear at span NO?
0.393L 0.393L
-0.0714wL 2
-0.1071wL 2 -0.1071wL 2
0.536L 0.536L

wL wL wL wL wL

K L M N O K L M N O
L L L L L L L L
R A=0.38wL R B=1.223wL R C=0.357wL R D=0.598wL R E=0.442wL R A=0.446wL R B=0.572wL R C=0.464wL R D=0.572wL R E=0.054wL

0.603wL
0.558wL 0.482wL
0.38wL 0.446wL
0.054wL
0.016wL
SHEAR
SHEAR
0.040wL
0.397wL 0.442wL
0.62wL 0.554wL 0.518wL

+0.072wL
2
+0.0977wL 2
+0.0611wL 2 +0.0996wL 2 +0.0805wL
2

MOMENT
2 MOMENT
0.38L -0.0179wL 0.442L
-0.058wL 2 0.446L
-0.1205wL 2 -0.0536wL 2 2 -0.0536wL 2
-0.0357wL
0.603L 0.518L
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 10: Continuation

Solution: wL wL wL wL

➀ Max. shear at span LM

K L M N O
Using Live Load Patterns table. L L L L
WDL = 4.6(2.75)(1.2) R A=0.393wL R B=1.143wL R C=0.928wL R D=1.143wL R E=0.393wL

WDL = 12.65 kN/m

0.536wL 0.607wL
WLL = 4.8(2.75)(1.6) 0.393wL 0.464wL

WLL = 13.2 kN/m SHEAR

Dead load reactions: 0.607wL

0.464wL
0536wL
0.393wL

VDL = 0.536 WDL (L) +0.0772wL 2 2 +0.0364wL 2 +0.0772wL 2

+0.0364wL
VDL = 0.536 (12.65)(8) MOMENT

VDL = 54.24 KN 0.393L

-0.0714wL 2
0.393L
-0.1071wL 2 -0.1071wL 2
VLL = 0.603 WL(L) 0.536L 0.536L
VLL = 0.603(13.2)(8)
VLL = 63.68 kN WDL=12.65 kN/m
Max. shear at panel LM.
Vmax = 1.2 VDL + 1.6 VLL K L M N O

Vmax = 54.24(1.2) + 63.68(1.6) 8 8 8 8

RA=0.393wL RB=1.143wL RC=0.928wL RD=1.143wL RE=0.393wL
Vmax = 166.97 kN say 167 kN

➁ Max. span moment when all spans are fully loaded

wL wL wL
Consider exterior span KL.
Dead Load: K L M N O
WDL = 12.65 kN/m3 L L L L
+ M = 0.0772 w L2 R =0.38wL R =1.223wL R =0.357wL
A B C R D=0.598wL R E=0.442wL

+ M = 0.0772(12.65)(8)2 0.603wL
0.558wL
0.38wL
+ M = 62.50 kN.m
SHEAR
Live Load: 0.040wL
0.397wL 0.442wL
WLL = 13.2 kN/m 0.62wL

+ M = 0.0996 w L2 +0.072wL
2
+0.0977wL 2
2
+ M = 0.0996(13.2)(8)2 MOMENT
+0.0611wL

+ M = 84.14 0.38L -0.0179wL

2
0.442L
-0.058wL 2
Max. M = 1.2 MDL + 1.6 MLL -0.1205wL 2

Max. M = 1.2(62.50)+1.6(84.14) 0.603L

Max. M = 75 + 134.63
Max. M = 209.63 kN.m
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 10: Continuation

➂ Max. shear at span NO
wL wL
WDL = 12.65 kN/m
VDL = 0.607 wDL L K L M N O

VDL = 0.607(12.65)(8) L L L L
R A=0.446wL R B=0.572wL R C=0.464wL R D=0.572wL R E=0.054wL
VDL = 61.42 KN
0.482wL
Live Load: WLL = 21.12 kN/m 0.446wL
0.054wL
0.016wL
SHEAR
VLL = 0.62 WL(L)
VLL = 0.62(13.2)(8) 0.554wL 0.518wL

VLL = 65.47 kN +0.0996wL 2 2

+0.0805wL
VNO = 1.2VDL+1.6VLL MOMENT
0.446L
VNO = 1.2(61.42)+1.6(65.47) -0.0536wL 2 2 -0.0536wL 2
-0.0357wL
VNO = 73.71 + 104. 76 0.518L

VNO = 178.5 KN
Note: if span MNO was loaded and KL was loaded, the same value of shear at L and N
could be used.
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 11:
A box column is built up by welding two channels at their flanges.
Given:
Properties of each channel.
Depth = 250 mm
Web thickness = 17 mm.
Flange width = 77 mm.
Flange Thickness = 11 mm.
Area = 5690 mm2
Moment of inertia:
Ix = 43x106 mm4
Iy = 1.6x106 mm4
Distance from the centroid y-axis to the back of the web = 16.5 mm
Modulus of elasticity E = 200 MPa.
Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa.
Column height = 6 m.
The column is pin connected at the ends and side way is prevented K = 1.0

➀ Calculate the maximum load that the column can support without buckling.
➁ What is the maximum axial load so that the yield stress will not be exceed?
➂ Find the largest allowable axial load that the column can support before it either begins to buckle or
the material yields

Solution :
➀ Maximum load that the column can support without buckling
IX = 43X106 (2)
IX = 86X106 mm4
Iy = [1.6x106 + 5690(60.5)2 ] 2

Iy = 44.85x106 mm4

π 2EI π 2 (200000)(44.85)106
Pcr = = = 2459 KN
(KL u )2 (1)(6000)2

➁ Maximum axial load so that the ➂ Largest allowable axial load that the
yield stress will not be exceeded column can support it either begins to
P = A Fy buckle or the material yields.
P = 5690(2)(248) P = 2459 kN (smaller of “a” and “b”)
P = 2822240 N
P = 2822.24 kN
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 12:
A simply supported girder spans 10 m. The girder carries 3 concentrated loads, each 30 KN at 2.5 m.
spacing. The girder also carries a uniformly distributed load of 15 KN/m throughout its length.
Given:
Girder properties.
Section: = 2 460 x 97 kg/m Flange width, bf = 193 mm
Area, A = 12320 mm 2 Flange thickness = 19mm
Depth, d = 465 mm Web thickness = 11 mm
Moment of inertia:
Ix = 445x106 mm4 Iy = 23x106 mm4
Yield strength, Fy = 248 MPa.
Rt (radius of gyration of the flange components plus 1/3 of the web area in compression) = 50 mm.
➀ Which of the following gives the maximum bending stress.
➁ What is the maximum web shear stress.
➂ Calculate the maximum shear stress at the neutral axis of the section.

Solution:
➀ Maximum bending stress
97(9.81)
W = 15+ = 15.95 KN/m
1000
2 R1 = 30(3)+15.95(10)
R1 = 124.75 KN
124.75+84.875) 54.875+15)
M= (2.5) + (2.5)
2 2
M = 349.375 KN.m
MI 349.375(232.5)(10)6
fb = = = 182.5 MPa
C 445x106

➁ Maximum web shear stress

V 124750
fv = = = 24.4 MPa.
dt w 465(11)

➂ Maximum shear stress at the neutral axis of the section

Q = 193(19)(223)+213.5(11)(106.75)
Q = 1068443
VQ 124750(1068443)
τ= = = 27.2 MPa.
Ib 445x106 (11)
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 13:
The truss shown is on a roller support at A and on hinged at support B. It is subjected to a
lateral load H = 12 KN.

➀ Determine the reaction at A.

➁ Determine the force in member AE.
➂ Determine the reaction at B.

Solution:
➀ Reaction at A.
ΣMB = 0
7 R A = 12(3.5)
R A = 6 KN

➁ Force in member AE.

3.5 AC
tanθ =
5.5 AE
θ = 32.47˚ 66.80˚
3.5 32.47˚
tan ß = A
1.5
ß = 66.80˚ 6
ΣFh = 0
AE Cos 32.47˚ = AC Cos 66.80˚ ➂ Reaction at B
AC = 2.142 EA R Bx = 12

ΣFv = 0 R By = 6

AC Sin 66.80 = AE Sin 32.47˚+ 6 R B = (12)2 + (6)2

2.142 EA Sin 66.80˚ = AE 32.47˚+ 6 R B = 13.4 KN
AE = 4.2 KN (tension)
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 14:
A column 800 mm. in diameter is reinforced with 12 – 25 mmø bars and 12 mm diameter
spirals spaced at 72 mm on centers. Use ø = 0.75 fc’ = 30 MPa fy = 413 MPa for main bars,
fyt = 275 MPa for spirals.
Allowable shear stress fv = 0.90 MPa.

➀ What is the nominal shear strength provided by the concrete?

➁ What is the nominal shear strength provided by the shear reinforcement?
➂ Find the shear stress in the column if Vu = 800 kN.

Solution:
25 mm ø
➀ Nominal shear strength provided by concrete 12 mm ø

Vc = 0.90 bwd
Vc = 0.90(800)(0.8)(800)
Vc = 460800 N
Vc = 461 kN D=800

➁ Nominal shear strength provided

by shear reinforcement
π
A v = (12)2 = 113
4
A fy d
S= v t
Vs
➂ Shear stress in the column if Vu = 800 kN
d = 0.80 D Vu
fv =
d = 0.80(800) ø bw d
d = 640 800000
fv =
113(275)(640) 0.75(800)(0.80)(800)
72 =
Vs fv = 2.08 MPa
Vs = 276 kN
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 15:
A 15 m. long precast pile is to be lifted at two points from casting bed.
➀ At what equal distance from the ends should the pile be lifted so that the maximum
bending stress is the least possible?
➁ At what equal distance from the ends should the pile be lifted so that the resulting shear
is smallest?
➂ As the pile is being lifted, its left end is laid on the ground while it is supported at 2.5 m.
from the right end. At this instance, what is the resulting maximum positive moment due
to its weight of 8.5 KN/m.

Solution:
➀ Equal distance from the ends where the pile could be lifted for minimum bending stress
2R = 15 w
R = 7.5 w
For minimum bending stress to occur M1 = M2
−wx(x)
M1 =
2
−wx 2
M1 =
2
(w)(7.5 − x)(15 − 2x)
M 2 = M1 +
2(2)
−wx 2 (w)(7.5 − x)(15 − 2x)
M2 = +
2 4
M1 = M 2 (do not include the sign of M1 ,use
absolute values only)
2wx 2 w
= (7.5 − x)(15 − 2x)
2 4
2
4x = (7.5-x)(15-2x)
4x 2 = 112.5 - 15x - 15 x + 2x 2
2x 2 = 112.5 - 30x
x 2 + 15x - 56.25 = 0
x = 3.10 m.
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 15: Continuation

➁ Equal distance from the ends where the piles will be lifted so that the resulting shear is
the smallest
wx = 7.5w – wx
x = 7.5 – x
x = 3.75

➂ Resulting positive moment if the pile is lifted at 2.5 m. from the right end due to its weight
of 8.5 KN/m
ΣMR = 0
1

12.5 R 2 = 8.5(15)(7.5)
R 2 = 76.5
R1 + R 2 = 8.5(15)
R1 = 51
8.5x = 51
x=6
Positive moment
51(6)
M= = 153 KN.m.
2
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 16:
Given:
a = 2 m., b = 5 m., c = 5 m., d = 2 m.

A B C D E

a=2 b=5 c=5 d=2

V=12
V=4

V=4

V=12


➀ Which of the following gives the reaction of D?
➁ Find the load at C.
➂ How much is the maximum moment.
P
w=6 w=6

Solution: A B C D E

➀ Reaction at D a=2 b=5 c=5 d=2

RD = 4 + 12 = 16 kN RB=16 RD=16

12
4
➁ Load at C
-4
P = 4 + 4 = 8 kN -12

8
➂ Maximum moment
M = - 12 kN.m.
-12 -12
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 17:
A wooden log is to be used as a foot bridge to span a 2m. gap. The log is to support a concentrated load
of 27 kN.
Allowable shear stress = 1.2 MPa. Allowable bending stress = 6.3 MPa.
➀ What is the diameter of the log needed for a maximum shear?
➁ Find the diameter of the log needed so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded.
➂ A 150 wide rectangular log is to be used instead of the circular log. What is the required minimum
depth of the log so as not to exceed the allowable bending stress?

Solution:
➀ Diameter of log needed for a maximum shear.
For maximum shear, the 27 KN should be placed at the end of the log.
ΣMR 2 = 0
2R1 = 27 KN(2)
R1 = 27 kN
4V
fv =
3A
4(27000)
1.2 =
3A
A = 30000
π 2
A= D
4
π 2
30000 = D
4
D = 195.4 mm say 200 mm.

➁ For a maximum moment placed the load at the center

PL
M=
4
27 ➂ Minimum depth of rectangular log
M = (2) 6M
4 f=
M = 13.5 kN.m. b d2
MC 6(13.5)10 6
f= 6.3 =
I 150 d2
13.5 x 10 6 (D / 2) d = 300 mm.
6.3 =
πD4
64
D = 280 mm.
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 18:
Given:
As = 8 – 28 mm∅
As’ = 4 – 28 mm∅
ds = 12 mm diam. ties
h1 = 125 mm
h2 = 475 mm
a = 55 mm
fc’ = 28 MPa
fyb = 415 MPa (longitudinal bars)
fyv = 275 MPa (ties)
Shear strength reduction factor = 0.75
Clear concrete cover = 40 mm
Specified maximum aggregates size in the concrete mixture = 20 mm

➀ Find the minimum width of beam “b” required to satisfy on cover requirements
➁ Find the minimum width of beam “b” adequate for a factor shear force Vu = 600 kN if the
spacing of 12 mm diameter ties is 50 mm.
➂ If Vu = 450 kN and spacing of 12 mm diameter ties is 70 mm what is the required
minimum width of the beam “b” mm?

Solution:
➀ Minimum width “b” required for cover requirements
12 mm ø

Value of x : should be the larger value of the following.

28 28
➊ bar diameter = 28
➋ 25 mm.
4 40 x x x 40
➌ 1 3 max. aggregate size = 3 (20) = 26.67
1 b

use x = 28 mm.
b = 40(2) + 12(2) + 28(4) + 3(28) = 300 mm.
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 18: Continuation

➁ Value of b if Vu = 600 KN and ➂ Value of b if Vu = 450 kN and
spacing of tie wires = 50 mm spacing of tie wires is 70 mm
28 55 A v fyt d
d = 600 - 40 - 12 - -
2 2 S=
d = 506.5 mm
Vs
Vu π
= Vs + Vc (12)2 (2)(275)(506.5)
ø 70 = 4
A v fyt d Vs
S=
Vs Vs = 450087
π Vu
(12)2 (2)(275)(506.5) Vc = - Vs
50 = 4 ø
Vs
450000
Vs = 630121 Vc = - 450087
0.75
Vu
Vc = - Vs Vc = 149912
ø
600000 Vc = 0.17λ fc 'b w d
Vc = - 630121 = 169879
0.75
149912 = 0.17(1) 28b(506.5)
Vc = 0.17λ fc 'b w d
b = 329.03 say 330 mm.
169879 = 0.17(1) 28b(506.5)
b = 373 say 370 mm
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 19:
A cantilever beam 300 mm wide x 400 mm deep and 3 m. long is designed with tension reinforcement
only.
Superimposed dead load = 12 kN/m
Live load at free end = 20 kN
Concrete unit weight = 23.5 kN/m3
Concrete: fc’ = 30 MPa
Steel: fy = 415 MPa
Assume 70 mm concrete cover to the centroid of the tension reinforcement.
➀ Calculate the maximum factored design moment (Mu). U = 1.4 DL + 1.7LL
➁ What is the maximum factored design shear (Vu)?
➂ Calculate the nominal bending strength (kN.m.) of the section if the tension reinforcement consists of
4 – 25 mm∅. 20 kN

DL=12 kN/m
Solution:
➀ Max. factored design moment (Mu)
Total dead load = 12 + 0.3(0.4)(23.5)
3m
Total dead load = 14.82 kN/m
Wu L2
Mu = + PL 70 4 - 25 mm ø
2
1.4(14.82)(3)2
Mu = + 1.7(20)(3)
2 400
d=330
M u = 195.4 kN.m.

➁ Max. factored design shear (Vu)

300
Vu = 1.4(14.82)(3) + 1.7(20)
Vu = 96.24 kN
70 4 - 25 mm ø T
➂ Nominal bending strength
T = A s fy 400 Mn
d=330 (d-a/2)
π
T= (25)2 (4)(415)
4 ⎛ a⎞ a C
Mn = T ⎜ d - ⎟
T = 814,850 N.mm ⎝ 2⎠ 0.85fc’
300
C=T ⎛ 106.52 ⎞
M n = 814850 ⎜ 330 -
0.85 fc ' ab = A s fy ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

0.85(30)(a)(300) = 814,850 M n = 225.5 kN.m.

a = 106.52 mm
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 20:
A simply supported steel beam spans 9 m. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m,
beam weight already included.

Beam Properties
Area = 8530 mm2
Depth = 306 mm
Flange width = 204 mm
Flange thickness = 8.5 mm
Moment of inertia, Ix = 145 x 106 mm4
Modulus of elasticity, E = 200 GPa
➀ What is the maximum flexural stress in the beam?
➁ To prevent excessive deflection, the beam is propped at midspan using a pipe column.
Find the resulting axial stress in the column. Outside diam. = 200 mm. Thickness = 10
mm. Height = 4 m.
➂ How much is the maximum bending stress in the propped beam?

Solution:
➀ Max. flexural stress in the beam w=10 kN/m
2
wL
M=
8
10(9)2 9m
M=
8
M = 101.25 kN.m.
85

153
MC
fb = N.A.
306
I
101.25 x 10 6 (153) 153
fb =
145 x 10 6 85

204
fb = 107 kPa
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 20: Continuation

➁ Resulting axial stress in the column
5wL4
δ1 =
384EI
w=10 kN/m
RL3
δ2 =
48EI
δ1 = δ 2
1=2
4 3
5wL RL
=
384EI 48EI
R
5wL
=R
8
5(10)(9)
R= = 56.25 kN
8
R 56250
σ= = = 9.4 MPa
A π
⎡(200) - (180) ⎤
2 2

4 ⎣ ⎦

➂ Max. bending stress in the propped beam

∑Fv = 0
2R1 + 56.25 = 10(9)
w=10 kN/m
R1 = 16.875 kN

10(4.5)2
MB = - 16.875(4.5) A B C
2 4.5 4.5

MB = 25.31 kN.m.
R1 56.25 R1
MB C
fb =
I
25.31 x 10 6 (153)
fb =
145 x 10 6
fb = 26.7 MPa
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 21:
A cylindrical tank is filled with water to a depth of 2.5 m. on its vertical position. The tank dimensions are:
Height = 3 m. Diameter = 2 m. Thickness = 6 mm Weight = 18 kN
➀ Find the maximum circumferential stress in the tank in MPa.
➁ The tank is supported only at the top. What is the max. longitudinal stress (MPa) in the tank?
➂ The tank is supported at the top and at the base. Determine the max. longitudinal stress in MPa.

Solution:
➀ Max. circumferential stress in the tank
F = 9810(2.5)(2)(0.001)
F = 49.050 N
2.5
2T = F
0.001m
49.050
T=
2 2m
T = 24.525 N
Circumferential stress : 1mm
T
T 24.525
σ= = = 4.09 MPa F
A 1(16)
6 mm T
σ = 4.1 MPa
2000 mm

➁ Max. longitudinal stress when the tank is supported only at the top 6 mm

P 18000
σ1 = = = 0.48 MPa support
A π(2000)(6)
P = 9810(2.5)
P = 24525 N/m2
PD
σL =
4t Total longitudinal stress
2.5
24525(2) = 0.48 + 2.04
σL =
4(0.006) = 2.52 MPa
σ L = 2043750 N/m2
σ L = 2.04 MPa open

➂ Max. longitudinal stress when the tank is supported at the top and at the base
Max. longitudinal stress = 0 MPa
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 22:
a=1.92 kN/m
A pole fixed on the ground is subjected to the load as shown.
Given: a = 1.92 kN/m
b = 1.44 kN/m
H = 15 m.
Pole outside diameter = 180 m H=15 m
Thickness of pole = 15 mm
➀ Find the maximum shear force (kN) in the pole.
➁ What is the maximum moment in the pole?
➂ If the allowable tensile stress in the pole is 138 MPa, b=1.44
what is the allowable uniformly distributed load in kN/m? kN/m

0.48 1.44
Solution:
➀ Max. shear force
(1.92 + 1.44)
Vmax = (15) = 25.2 kN
2
15 m
➁ Max. moment in the pole
⎛ 0.48 + 0 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
M = 1.44(15)(7.5) + ⎜ (15) ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ (15)
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
M = 198 kN.m.
1.44 kN/m
➂ Allowable uniformly distributed load if the allowable tensile stress in the pole is 138 MPa
M = w(15)(7.5) kN.m.
MC
f=
I
π
I= ⎡(180)4 - (150)4 ⎤
64 ⎣ ⎦
I = 26.68 x 10 6
C = 90 w 15 m 180 150
MC
f=
I
M(90)
138 =
26.68 x 10 6
M = 40.91 kN.m.
40.91 = 15(7.5)w
w = 0.364 kN / m
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 23:
A 25 m. long girder of a bridge is simply supported at the right end and at 3m. from the left end. It is
subjected to a highway laneload consisting of a uniformly distributed load and a concentrated load as
follows.
Uniformly distributed load = 9.53 kN/m
Concentrated load for moment = 80 kN
Concentrated load for shear = 115.7 kN
➀ What is the maximum span positive moment?
➁ Calculate the maximum support reaction.
➂ What is the maximum negative moment?

Solution:
➀ Max. span positive moment
80 kN
11(11) y=5.5 w=9.35 kN/m
y= = 5.5
22
Max. positive moment = area of positive influence h
diagram times uniform load plus concentrated load times
the maximum ordinate of the positive influence diagram. 3m 22 m

9.35(22)(5.5)
Max. positive moment = + 80(5.5) = 1006 kN.m
2

➁ Max. support reaction y

1.0
Max. support reaction:
y 1
= 3m 22 m
25 22
R1 R2
y = 1.136
9.35(25)(1.136) 115.7 kN
R1 = 115.7(1.136) +
2 1.136
R1 = 264 kN 9.35 kN/m

3m 22 m
➂ Max. negative moment
80 kN R1 R2

Max. negative moment

w=9.35 kN/m 5.5
= 80(3) + 9.35(3)(1.5)
= 282 kN.m
h

3 11 11
CE BOARD May 2017

PROBLEM 24:
Given:
D = 2.0 m H1 = 2.4 m.
Width of cylinder = 3.2 KN. H2 = 3.0 m.
The coefficient of friction between the cylinder and the surface
is 0.20. The cylinder is filled with water to a depth of 2.4 m.
Find the maximum value of the force F (KN) that will satisfy the
following conditions.
➀ Translation of the cylinder is prevented.
➁ Tipping of cylinder is prevented.
➂ The cylinder remains in equilibrium.

Solution:
➀ Value of F when the translation of cylinder is prevented
π(2)2
N2 = (2.4)(9.81)
4
W2 = 74. KN
W1 + W2 = 3.2 + 74 = 77.2 KN
F = MN
F = 0.20(77.2)
F = 15.4 KN

➁ Value F so that tipping of cylinder is prevented

ΣM A = 0
F(2.4) = 77.2(1)
F = 32.17 kN

➂ Value of F so that the cylinder remains horizontal

F = MN
F = 0.20(77.2)
F = 15.4 kN