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Programming 123 Lecture
Programming 123 Lecture
programs, procedures and documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system.
Computer programs (also software programs, or just programs) are instructions for a computer. A
computer requires programs to function. Moreover, a computer program does not run unless its
instructions are executed by a central processor; however, a program may communicate an algorithm to
people without running. Computer programs are usually executable programs or the source code from
which executable programs are derived (e.g., compiled).
Programmer is someone who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a
specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of
software. One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a
programmer analyst.
Computer programming (often shortened to programming or coding) is the process of writing, testing,
debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. The task of telling
the computer what to do through a series of instructions called a program. The art and science of
creating computer programs.
Algorithm is a finite of steps carrying out some process for solving logical or mathematical problem.
1. It eliminates the time spent with flowcharting to draw and arrange symbols while
attempting to determine the program logic.
1. Does not provide representation which many people find useful and easier.
Advantages of Flowchart
Disadvantages of Flowchart
Flowchart symbols
Terminal
Preparation or Initialization
Input/ Output
Process
5. Defines the logical sequence of the
program. It points to the next symbol to
performed.
Flow lines
On-Page Connector
Off-Page Connector
Decision
1. Problem Definition
a) Specify program objectives
b) Specify output requirements
c) Specify input requirements
d) Specify processing requirements
e) Study feasibility of implementing program
f) Document the Analysis
2. Program Design
a) Determine program logic through top-down approach and modularization,
using hierarchy chart.
b) Design details using pseudo code and and/or using flowcharts, preferably
using control structures
c) Test design with structured walkthrough
3. Program Coding
a) Select the appropriate high-level programming language
b) Code the program in that language, following syntax carefully
4. 4GL (Very High/ Non Procedural Language/ Rapid Application Development (RAD))
A Programming Language designed to mimic human language, the
designation is often used to specify languages use with relational
databases.
Are designed to make the computer solve a given problem without the
programmer. This way, the programmer only needs to worry about
what problems need to be solved and what conditions need to be met,
without worrying about how to implement a routine or algorithm to
solve them.