The Nutrition Program in The Philippines PDF

THE
NUTRITION PROGRAM
IN THE PHILIPPINES
by Mr. Elton N. Pelegrino, RN
Understanding Legal
Basis for Nutrition
2
Module 3 Session
2
OBJECTIVES
Module 3 Session
2
1. Explain the legal framework of

managing nutrition program.
2. Identify the key functions of LGUs
in the management of nutrition and
related services based on different
legislations or policies.
4
Module 3 Session
Addressing Malnutrition
2
International National level Local level

level
5
Module 3 Session
International Level
2
International National level Local level

level
6
Module 3 Session
International Level
2
The World Declaration on

Nutrition during the International
Conference on Nutrition (ICN),
declared hunger and
malnutrition as unacceptable
and that these must be at the
center of socio-economic
development plans and
strategies
7
Module 3 Session
International Level
2
Government has the prime

responsibility to protect and
promote food security and
nutritional well-being of its
people.
8
Module 3 Session
International Level
2
The fulfillment of the nutrition

targets would contribute to the
achievement of four MDGs:
• reducing the proportion of people
suffering from hunger
• reducing under-five mortality rate
• reducing maternal mortality ratio
• achieving universal primary
education
9
Module 3 Session
National Level
2
Child nutrition is guaranteed in

the 1987 Philippine Constitution
10
Module 3 Session
National Level
2
“The state shall defend… The

right of children to assistance,
including proper care and
nutrition and special protection
from all forms of neglect, abuse,
cruelty, exploitation and other
conditions prejudicial to their
development.”
11
Module 3 Session
National Level
2
• PD 491 (Nutrition Act of the Philippines)

• PD 1569 (Strengthening the Barangay
Nutrition Scholar Program)
• The Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition is
the country’s master plan to address the
problem of malnutrition.
12
Module 3 Session
Legal Framework of Managing 2
a Nutrition Program
• Numerous national legislations mandate
LGUs to deliver health and nutrition
services and/or food and nutrition
security interventions
• NGAs develop national policies on
nutrition that LGUs are enjoined to
adopt
13
Module 3 Session
a Nutrition Program
• LLC enact ordinances and resolutions
in support of NPM
• LCEs issue EO, office orders and
memo circulars to support nutrition
programs
14
Module 3 Session
a Nutrition Program
The key national and local policies
provide the legal framework in
governing nutrition programs
15
Module 3 Session
LGU Mandates for 2
Nutrition Service
Delivery
16
Module 3 Session
2
1987 Phil. Constitution
(Article XV Sec.3)
The state shall defend … The right of the
children to assistance, including proper care and
nutrition…
17
Module 3 Session
PD 491 (1974)
2
Nutrition Act of the

Philippines
• Nutrition is a priority of the government
• Created NNC and defined its function
18
Module 3 Session
2
PD 1286 (1974) Regulating the
Practice of Nutrition and Dietetics in the
Philippines and for other purposes
Employing registered nutritionist dietitians

in hospitals (government or private) and
each LGU and RHU
19
Module 3 Session
Letter of Instructions
2
441 (1976)
Authorizing the DILG to organize
nutrition committees at different
administrative levels
20
Module 3 Session
PD 1569 (1978) Strengthening the 2
Barangay Nutrition Program
• Strengthening the barangay nutrition

program
• Providing at least one BNS in every
barangay
21
Module 3 Session
EO 234 (1987) 2
Reorganization Act of NNC

Promulgation of E.O. 234 reaffirming the
need for an inter-sectoral national policy
making and coordinating body on nutrition
22
Module 3 Session
2
EO 51 (1988) National Code of Marketing of
Breast Milk Substitutes, Breast Milk
Supplement and other Related Products
• Regulates marketing of breast milk

substitute
• Promote, protect and support
breastfeeding
• Ensure that its facilities for health
care system is not used for
promoting infant formula
23
Module 3 Session
R.A. 7160 (1991) Local

2
Government Code
Devolved to the LGUs the delivery of
basic services including nutrition
24
Module 3 Session
RA 8172 (1995) An Act Promoting 2
Salt Iodization Nationwide and for

Related Purposes
• Check and monitor that the food-grade
salt being sold in the market is
properly iodized
• Cooperate in informing and
educating the public on the benefits
of using iodized salt
25
Module 3 Session
RA 8435 (1997)
2
The Agriculture and Fisheries

Modernization Act
Provision of extension services to

achieve national and local food
security
26
Module 3 Session
2
RA 8976 (2000) An Act Establishing the
Philippine Food Fortification Program and
for other purposes
• LGUs should designate an official who

shall assist in monitoring of fortified and
labeled, in public markets, retail stores
and foodservice establishments
• Submit monitoring reports to BFAD
27
Module 3 Session
2
RA 8980 (2000) An Act Promulgating a
Comprehensive Policy and National System for
Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD)
• Provide basic ECCD basic services

• Support the organization/mobilization
of the ECCD
• Coordinating Committees
28
Module 3 Session
2
DOH AO A.O. No. 2010-0010 Revised Policy
Guide on Micronutrient Supplementation
• Lay down the key principles, policy

directions and general guidelines in the
implementation of micronutrient
supplementation program
• Support the achievement of the 2015
MDG Targets to decrease underfive
and maternal deaths and address
micronutrient needs of other population
groups.
29
Module 3 Session
2
NEDA- Social Development Committee
(SDC) Resolution
No.1, S 2004
Integrate nutrition objectives and

components in the KALAHI-CIDSS program
and other anti-poverty programs of the
government towards the achievement of
MDGs by 2015
30
Module 3 Session
2
DOH AO 2008-0029 Implementing Health
Reforms for Rapid Reduction
of Maternal and Neonatal Mortality
• Adopt and implement the maternal,

newborn and child health nutrition
(MNCHN) Strategy
• Reorganize local health bureaucracy to
mainstream MNCHN activities
31
Module 3 Session
2
EO 472 (2005) Transferring the National
Nutrition Council from the Department of
Agriculture to the Department of Health
• NNC is transferred from the DA to

DOH
• The Secretary of the DOH shall be the
ex officio Chairperson of the NNC GB
with the Secretaries of DA and DILG as
ex-officio Vice Chairperson
32
Module 3 Session
RA 10028 Expanded 2
Breastfeeding Promotion
Act of 2009
• Mandate all health and non-health
facilities, establishments or institutions to
establish lactation stations
• Authorize “lactation periods” for
nursing employees
33
Module 3 Session
2
DOLE Dept. Order No. 56-03 Series of
Rationalizing the Implementation of
Family Welfare Program (FWP) in DOLE
Focus from promoting family planning to

providing family welfare services to
workers
34
Module 3 Session
2
Allocating Resources
Capacity Building
LGUs’ Key
Functions
and Development
Delivery of Nutrition and
Nutrition-related Services
Advocacy
Information, Education and
Communication Campaign
Compliance Monitoring
35
Module 33 Session
Module Session2
2
KEY POINT
36
Module 3 Session
2
Reminding LGUs on their mandates

and the potential benefits they can get
from managing nutrition programs
properly will make them
NUTRITION CHAMPIONS.
37
Understanding
Food and Nutrition
Capacity Development for Local Government
Units on Nutrition Program Management
Module 1 Session
NPM1
OBJECTIVES
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1. Define food, nutrients, and nutrition

2. Enumerate the different nutrients, their
functions and food sources
3. Describe food and nutrition security
4. Describe the farm to table food path
Module 1 Session
NPM1
5. Relate food and nutrition security with

the farm to table food path
6. Discuss ways and means by which
blocks to a food path can be
eliminated or reduced
Reviewing the Basic Concepts
on Food and Nutrition
Module 1, Session 1
Defining Food, Nutrition

and Nutrition-related Terms
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Food
What people EAT and DRINK to
stay alive and healthy, for growth,
development,
work, and other
physical activities
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Foods are sources of substances called

nutrients that are responsible for:
• giving energy
• building and repairing
body tissues
• regulating
body processes
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Nutrients
✓ All foods contain nutrients.
✓ No single food
provides all of the
nutrients needed
for normal
functions.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Nutrients
✓ Nutrients work as a team.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Nutrients
Macronutrients Micronutrients
Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals
Fat-soluble Water-soluble Major Trace

1. Component of body fluids
2. For lubrication of joints
and moistening of the
eyes and mucous
membranes
3. For regulation of body
temperature removal of
waste products
THE FORGOTTEN NUTRIENT
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Nutrition
The study of how

the body uses food
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Nutritional Status
Physiological state of an
individual as determined by
the kinds and amount of
food consumed and by the
ability of the body to use
them
• People need food to live
• The human body is not able to

produce essential nutrients.
NPM 2
Module 1 Session
Malnutrition
A condition of the body
resulting from a D______,
eficiency
I_______, xcess in one
mbalance or E____
or more nutrients
53
NPM 2
Module 1 Session
Forms of Malnutrition
1. Undernutrition
2. Overnutrition
3. Specific Deficiency
4. Imbalance
54
NPM 2
Module 1 Session
Undernutrition
A condition resulting from
the consumption of an
inadequate quantity of
food over an extended
period of time
55
NPM 2
Module 1 Session
Overnutrition
A condition resulting
from the consumption
of an excessive
quantity of food, and
hence excessive
calories, over an
extended period of
time
56
NPM 2
Module 1 Session
Specific Deficiency
A condition resulting
from a relative or
absolute lack of an
individual nutrient
such as Vitamin A,
iron, or iodine
57
NPM 2
Module 1 Session
Imbalance
A pathological
state resulting
from a
disproportion
among essential Vit. D
nutrients with or calcium
without absolute
deficiency of any
nutrient
58
Module 1 Session
NPM2
1. Undernutrition
a. Underweight
b. Stunting
c. Wasting
d. Marasmus
e. Kwashiorkor
f. CED
2. Overnutrition
a. Overweight
b. Obesity
3. Specific Deficiency
a. VADD
b. IDA
c. IDD
4. Imbalance
59
Describing the Double
Burden of Malnutrition
60
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Double Burden of
Malnutrition
Refers to the simultaneous occurrence
of undernutrition, micronutrient
deficiencies, overnutrition or obesity
and other nutrition-related chronic
diseases among different population
groups
61
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Double Burden of
Malnutrition
• Happening in many developing
countries
• Occurs when poor
economic conditions improve
• Possible to be already existing in
many LGUs
62
Module 1, Session 2
Defining Positive
Deviance
63
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Positive Deviance
Represents a child who
grows and develops
adequately in low-
income families living in
impoverished
environments
64
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Parents of Positive
Deviants Are Said To Be:
• Upwardly mobile
• Non-fatalistic
• Take initiatives
• Adopt modernizing practices
• More enterprising
65
Understanding Nutrition
in Life Cycle
66
Impaired mental
Higher mortality rate development
Reduced capacity Increased risk of adult

to care for child chronic disease
Untimely/Inadequate
Baby feeding
Low Frequent infections
Older People
birthweight Inadequate
Malnourished food, health,
Inadequate and care
catch-up growth
Inadequate Inadequate
food, health, fetal
and care nutrition Reduced
Child mental
Stunted capacity
Woman
Malnourished
Pregnancy
Low weight gain
Adolescent Inadequate food,
Stunted health, and care
Higher maternal
mortality
Reduced physical capacity
Inadequate food, health, and fat-free mass
and care
Burden of Undernutrition Throughout the Life Cycle
Adapted from: SCN, 2000
NPM2
Module 1 Session
KEY POINT
69
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Addressing nutritional problems and

ensuring good nutrition among 0-2
year old children and among
women during pre-pregnancy and
pregnancy periods will stop the
intergenerational cycle of
malnutrition.
70
Module 1, Session 2
Describing the Causes

of Malnutrition
71
NUTRITIONAL
OUTCOME STATUS
Dietary Health
IMMEDIATE DETERMINANTS Status Status
HEALTHY
HOUSEHOLD FOOD QUALITY OF CARE ENVIRONMENT
SECURITY HEALTH
RESOURCES
UNDERLYING
DETERMINANTS
Poverty constraints the level of FOOD SECURITY CAREGIVER RESOURCES FOR
these determinants for RESOURCES RESOURCES HEALTH
individual households. •Quantity food produced •Knowledge and access •Availability of public
•Quality food produced, to education health services
diverse diet •Health status •Sanitation access to
•Cash income
•Food transfers •Control of resources clean water
BASIC DETERMINANTS INSTITUTIONS

The impact that the resources
potentially available to the POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
household have on nutritional
status is mediated and
constrained by overarching ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
economic, political and
institutional structures. POTENTIAL RESOURCES
Human, agro-ecological, technological
The UNICEF Conceptual Framework of the Determinants of Nutritional Status

Johnson 1993; Smith and Haddad 2000; and UNICEF 1990 in Todd and Shekar (2006)
NPM2
Module 1 Session
KEY POINTS
73
Module 1 Session
NPM2
• Inadequate food intake combined with

illness may result in the different forms of
undernutrition
• The necessary conditions for food and
nutrition security are access to food,
adequate care of children and women,
access to basic health services and a
healthy environment
74
Module 1 Session
NPM2
• The availability and control of human,

economic and organizational resources
determine the potential to fulfill three of
the necessary conditions (food, care, and
health) for food and nutrition security
75
Identifying the
Consequences of Malnutrition
76
Consequences of Malnutrition
Early Death
Infection
Inability to
concentrate in
Weak Resistance school
Undernourished School drop-out

children
Poverty Lack skill/

low literacy
Under/unemployed
Low productivity
undernourished
adults
NNC, 2005
Table 1.6 Main Consequences of Malnutrition Throughout the Life Cycle
Life stage Common nutritional disorders Main consequences

Embryo/fetus ▪ Intrauterine growth retardation ▪ Low birth weight
▪ Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) ▪ Brain damage
▪ Folate deficiency ▪ Neural tube defects
▪ Stillbirths
Newborn ▪ Low birth weight ▪ Growth retardation

▪ IDD ▪ Developmental retardation
▪ Brain damage
▪ IDA ▪ Early anemia
NPM
Infant and young ▪ Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) ▪ Continuing malnutrition
child ▪ Increased risk of infection
▪ IDD ▪ High risk of death
▪ Vitamin A deficiency (VADD) ▪ Goiter
▪ Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) ▪ Blindness
▪ Anemia
Adolescent ▪ PEM ▪ Delayed growth spurt, stunted

height, delayed/retarded
intellectual capacity, increased
risk of infection
▪ Goiter
▪ IDD ▪ Anemia
▪ IDA ▪ Inadequate bone mineralization
▪ Calcium deficiency
79
Pregnant and ▪ CED ▪ Insufficient weight gain in
lactating women pregnancy
▪ IDA ▪ Maternal anemia
▪ IDD ▪ Maternal mortality
▪ Increased risk of infection
▪ VADD ▪ Night blindness
▪ Folate deficiency ▪ Low birth weight/high death rate
▪ Calcium deficiency for fetus
Adults ▪ CED, IDA ▪ Thinness

▪ Obesity ▪ Lethargy
▪ Diet-related diseases ▪ Heart disease
▪ Diabetes
▪ Cancer
▪ Hypertension/Stroke
▪ Anemia
NPM
Older persons ▪ CED, IDA ▪ Obesity
▪ Obesity ▪ Spine and hip fractures,
▪ Osteoporosis accidents
▪ Diet-related diseases ▪ Heart disease
▪ Diabetes
▪ Cancer
Source: WHO, 20001
81
NPM2
Module 1 Session
KEY POINTS
82
Module 1 Session
NPM2
• There are many forms of malnutrition

and these can be found in many
individuals and families at different
age groups, communities, and in the
country
• Proper nutrition helps children grow,
develop, do well in school and more
likely to be productive
83
Module 1 Session
NPM2
• Malnutrition has serious consequences

to health, education and productivity
• Investment in nutrition means investment
in the population
• Only healthy and well nourished
individual has the capacity and
capability to help develop its nation
84
Module 1, Session 2
Activity 7:
Describing Right
to Food
85
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Right to Food
A basic human
need for all
people as well
as basic human
right
86
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Right to Food
The right to adequate food is embodied in
the most important human rights
documents:
•The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights
•The International Covenant on
Economic, Social, and Cultural
Rights
•The 1987 Philippine Constitution
87
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Right to Food
• The right to adequate
food does not mean
giving food for free
(or charity), it is about
being able to feed oneself in dignity
• The human right to adequate food is a
practical goal, a moral and legal
obligation
88
Module 1 Session
NPM2
Right to Food
• LGUs should strive to uphold
this right through planning
and implementation of programs
in LNAPs
• The LGUs can be held
accountable by the people for
not providing the conditions in
which they can live free from
hunger and with dignity
89
NPM
It is important to know the

key concepts of food and
nutrition as it can lead to a
better understanding of
the nutrition situation of
the family, community,
and country.
90
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Nutritional Guidelines
for Filipinos (NGF)
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Nutritional Guidelines
for Filipinos (NGF)
Primary recommendations to
promote good health through proper
nutrition among Filipinos
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1
Eat a variety of foods everyday to get
the nutrients needed by the body.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2
Breastfeed infants exclusively from birth up
to 6 months then give appropriate
complementary foods while continuing
breastfeeding for 2 years and beyond for
optimum growth and development.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3
Eat more vegetables and fruits
everyday to get the essential vitamins,
minerals, and fiber for regulation of
the body processes.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3 4
Consume fish, lean meat, poultry, egg,
dried beans or nuts daily for growth
and repair of body tissues.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3 4 5
Consume milk, milk products and other
calcium-rich foods, as small fish and
shellfish, everyday for healthy bones
and teeth.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3 4 5
Consume safe foods, and water to
prevent diarrhea and other food-and-
water borne diseases.
6
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3 4
Use iodized salt to prevent Iodine
5
Deficiency Disorders.
6 7
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3 4 5
Limit intake of salty, fried, fatty and
sugar-rich foods to prevent
cardiovascular diseases.
6 7 8
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3 4 5
Attain normal body weight through proper
diet and moderate physical activity to
prevent obesity and maintain good health.
6 7 8 9
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3 4
Be physically active, make healthy food
5
choices, manage stress, avoid alcoholic
beverages, and do not smoke to prevent
10
lifestyle-related non-communicable
diseases.
6 7 8 9
Module 1 Session
NPM1
1 2 3 4 5
10
6 7 8 9
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid

For Filipino Children (1-6 y/o)
Fats, Oils 6 tsps
Sugar, Sweets 4-5 tsps
Fish, Shellfish, Meat, Poultry, 1- 1 1/3 servings

Dried beans, Nuts Eggs
½ piece
Milk, Milk Products 1 glass

1/ – ½ cup serving
Vegetables 3
Fruits 1-2 medium servings

Rice, Rice Products, Corn,
Root crops, Bread 2-4 ½ servings
Noodles
Water and Beverages 4-7 glasses
Module 1 Session
NPM1

1 Tool for educating people
Eat
less 2
Eat
more
Module 1 Session
NPM1
3 Based on
RDA, not RENI
Module 1 Session
NPM1
4 Seven different DNGPs for

different groups
Module 1 Session
NPM1
KEY POINTS
Module 1 Session
NPM1
It is necessary to
know the various
foods and nutrients
since it will help in
the selection of a
combination of
foods to meet the
nutritional requirements in addition to
satisfying individual tastes and food
habits.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
The NGF lists the

primary
recommendations to
promote good health
through proper
nutrition among
Filipinos.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
DNGP is a tool that

teaches the principle of
eating a variety of foods
everyday in proper
amounts of servings.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Eating a wide variety of

foods within each group
will assure one of
ingesting known nutrients
as well as other food
factors, which might
prove to be essential for
human nutrition.
Defining Food
and Nutrition Security
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Food Security Nutrition Security

“all people, at all “adequate nutritional
times, have physical, status in terms of protein,
social and economic energy, vitamins, and
access to sufficient, minerals for all household
safe and nutritious members at all times”
food which meets (Weingartner, 2004)
their dietary needs
and food
preferences for an
active and healthy
life”
(FAO as cited by Weingartner, 2004)
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Food Security Nutrition Security
Food and Nutrition Security

Module 1 Session
NPM1
Food and Nutrition Security

“achieved, if adequate
food is available and
accessible to and
satisfactorily used and
utilized at all times to
live a healthy and
active life”
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Conceptual Framework of
Food and National Security
NUTRITIONAL “achieved, if adequate
STATUS food is available and
Use and accessible to and
Utilization satisfactorily used and
Stability
Accessibility utilized at all times to

live a healthy and
Availability active life”
(Weingartner, 2004)
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Conceptual Framework of
Food and National Security
NUTRITIONAL
STATUS
Use and
Utilization
Stability
Accessibility
AVAILABILITY
the physical existence of food
(from own production or in the
markets)
(Weingartner, 2004)
Module 1 Session
NPM1
NUTRITIONAL
STATUS
Use and
Utilization
Stability
ACCESSIBILITY
ensured when all households
and all individuals within those
households have sufficient
Availability resources to obtain appropriate
foods for a nutritious diet
(Weingartner, 2004)
Module 1 Session
NPM1
NUTRITIONAL
STATUS
USE AND Use: physiological conditions
UTILIZATION that affect individuals in the
Stability
Accessibility household
Availability
Utilization: physical use of
food by the body
(Weingartner, 2004)
Module 1 Session
NPM1
NUTRITIONAL
STATUS
Use and temporal dimension of nutrition
Utilization security, i.e., time frame over
STABILITY
which food security is being
Accessibility considered
Availability
(Weingartner, 2004)
Module 1 Session
NPM1
NUTRITIONAL
STATUS
Use and
Utilization
Stability
Accessibility
Availability
(Weingartner, 2004)
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Chronic Food Transitory Food

Insecurity vs. Insecurity
(long-term), the (short-term), happens

inability to meet when the inability to
food needs on an meet food needs is
ongoing basis temporary in nature
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Hunger
A condition in which
people do not get
enough food to
provide the
nutrients for fully
productive, active
and healthy lives
Module 1, Session 1
Tracing the Farm to Table

Food Path
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Farm to Table Food Path

involves processes and
conditions by which food
is produced, processed
and stored, marketed
and distributed,
prepared and consumed
in order to attain food
security, proper nutrition
and good health
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Farm to Table Path Components

Food Production preparation to grow and
growing food
Food Distribution
Food
Consumption
Nutrient
Utilization
Module 1 Session
NPM1

Food Production
Farm Hauling Market Preparation
Food Distribution
Food
Consumption
Nutrient
Utilization
Module 1 Session
NPM1

Food Production
Food Distribution
transporting, processing, selling
or storing
Food
Consumption
Nutrient
Utilization
Module 1 Session
NPM1

Food Production
Food Distribution
Retail Wholesale Secondary

Market Market Storage and Processing
Transport
Food
Consumption
Nutrient
Utilization
Module 1 Session
NPM1

Food Production
Food Distribution
Retail Wholesale
Market Market Storage and Secondary
Processing
Transport
Food
Consumption preparing and eating
Nutrient
Utilization
Module 1 Session
NPM1

Food Production
Food Distribution
Retail Wholesale
Processing
Transport
Food
Consumption
Consumers
Nutrient
Utilization
Module 1 Session
NPM1

Food Production
Food Distribution
Retail Wholesale
Processing
Transport
Food
Consumption
Consumers
Nutrient
Nutrient
Utilization
state of health and conditions
Utilization affecting utilization of food
Module 1 Session
NPM1

Food Production
Food Distribution
Retail Wholesale
Processing
Transport
Food
Consumption
Consumers
Nutrient
Nutrient
Utilization
Utilization
Nutrient Utilization
Module 1 Session
NPM1

Food Production
Food Distribution
Retail Wholesale
Transport Processing
Food
Consumption
Consumers
Nutrient
Utilization
Nutrient Utilization
Module 1 Session
NPM1
KEY POINTS
Module 1 Session
NPM1
A block to the food path can be

any factor, event or situation that
can stop, delay or prevent the flow
of food.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Families who grow their own food

have shorter food path while families
who buy their own food have longer
food path.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Each step of the food path is linked

with each other or are interrelated.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
KEY POINTS
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Understanding the farm to table

food path is important in analyzing
the food and nutrition situation.
Module 1 Session
NPM1
Food security can be achieved if

the blocks to the farm to table food
path are addressed properly.
Advancing the Core Values
and Skills of Nutrition Workers
Capacity Development for Local Government

Units on Nutrition Program Management
143
Module
Module2 2Session
Session 1
1
OBJECTIVES
144
Module 2 Session 1
1. Explain the meaning of values

2. Enumerate the core values a nutrition
worker should possess
3. Give specific examples applying the
core values of a nutrition worker
145
Module 2, Session 1
Strengthening Core Values

of Nutrition Workers
146
Module 2 Session 1
Values
Important and enduring ideals shared
by the members of a group about what
is good or desirable and what is not
(Source: Business Dictionary)
147
Integrity
Transparency
1’
Efficiency
Equity
Excellence in
work
Respect for
human rights
InTEEERAct
Workers Should Possess
Accountability
Core Values that Nutrition
148
Module 2 Session 1
Module 2 Session 1
having sense of
truthfulness and
reliability regarding
Integrity
performance of roles
and functions
InTEEERAct
149
Module 2 Session 1
making decisions
Transparency that are done in a
manner that
follows rules and
regulations
InTEEERAct
150
Module 2 Session 1
implementing nutrition
programs/projects with
minimum use of resources
Efficiency at minimal cost, and at
reasonable speed with the
most impact on nutrition
1’
InTEEERAct
151
Module 2 Session 1
Equity being fair to

everyone
InTEEERAct
152
Module 2 Session 1
delivering of
nutrition services
Excellence in
that are of
good quality,
appropriate
and timely work
InTEEERAct
153
Module 2 Session 1
giving value,
ability to
human rights
Respect for
preserve the
dignity of
people being
served
InTEEERAct
154
Module 2 Session 1
being responsible
in the performance
Accountability
of duties and use
of resources
InTEEERAct
155
Module 2 Session 1
Traits
Characteristics of a demonstrable
knowledge, skill and attitude which
can contribute to the effective
performance of roles and functions
of nutrition workers
156
Module 2 Session 1
Other Desirable Traits of

Nutrition Workers
• Approachable
• Assertive
• Committed
• Courteous
• Creative
• Credible
157
Module 2 Session 1

Nutrition Workers
• Decisive
• Diligent
• Empathic
• Hard working
• Humble
• Industrious
158
Module 2 Session 1

Nutrition Workers
• Innovative
• Open-minded
• Patient
• Persevering
• Persistent
• Proactive
159
Module 2 Session 1

Nutrition Workers
• Punctual
• Resourceful
• Respectful
• Sincere
• Team Player
160
Module 2 Session 1

Nutrition Workers
• Approachable • Empathic • Persistent
• Assertive • Hard working • Proactive
• Committed • Humble • Punctual
• Courteous • Industrious • Resourceful
• Creative • Innovative • Respectful
• Credible • Open-minded • Sincere
• Decisive • Patient • Team Player
• Diligent • Persevering
161
Module 2 Session 1
Let us apply these core

values and traits!
162
Module 2 Session 1
A nutrition worker should

always be…
WISE
towards nutrition
improvement.
163
THE BARANGAY NUTRITION
SCHOLAR PROGRAM
LEGAL MANDATE
AND RATIONALE
OF THE BNS PROGRAM
1. explain the rationale and the provisions
of Presidential Decree (PD) 1569
2. discuss the highlights of the
implementing guidelines of PD 1569
3. describe who a BNS is and what a BNS
does
Presenting PD 1569
and Rationale
of the BNS Program
How many of you have heard
about PD 1569?
What do you know about

PD 1569?
“Strengthening the
Barangay Nutrition
Program by Providing for
a Barangay Nutrition
Scholar in Every
Barangay, Providing
Funds therefore, and for
Other Purposes”
✓ June 11, 1978
✓ One BNS per barangay
✓ Work: at least one year
Qualifications of a BNS
✓ a resident of the barangay for at least
four years
✓ able to speak the local dialect
✓ has leadership potential
✓ willing to serve the barangay
Qualifications of a BNS
✓ willing to learn and to teach people in
the barangay
✓ at least a primary school graduate
✓ physically and mentally fit
✓ at least 18 years old but not more
than 60 years old
Benefits of a BNS
✓ civil service eligibility equivalent to 2nd
grade after completing at least 2 years
of continuous & satisfactory service in
the barangay
✓ training kit & travel allowance
✓ other allowances the LGU may provide
✓ The BNS program shall be
implemented by the Local Government
Unit (LGU) through the local nutrition
committee (LNC) chaired by the local
chief executives (LCEs)
A designated D/CNPC shall:
✓ monitor the progress of the
program,
✓ identify its problem, and
✓ recommend possible solutions.
Rules,
regulations,
and plans
How many brgys. are there in the Phils.?
17 regions 81 provinces 144 cities
1,490 municipalities 42,038 barangays
IX-ZamPen: 3 provinces; 2/5 cities;
25/67 muns; 691/1,904 brgys
How many BNSs are there in the Phils.?
44,200 Brgy. Nutrition Scholars
✓ Many Filipinos are
suffering from
malnutrition
✓ Increasing number of
people
who have to be
reached by
health and nutrition
intervention programs
✓ Inadequate human
resources to
deliver the
nutrition and
related services
Discussing the Implementing
Guidelines of the BNS
Program
BNS Program
Is a strategy
One trained community worker per barangay
Delivery of basic nutrition and related health services
Calls for active community participation

Designing and implementing an action plan for the
barangay through the BNS
To develop a system or facility for the
delivery of basic nutrition and related
health services in the barangay through
the use of the BNS as a support to the
Philippine Nutrition Program (now known
as Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition)
1. To establish administrative &
supervisory machinery built into the
existing structure of the PNP for the
delivery of basic nutrition & related
health services in the barangay
2. To develop trainers and supervisors

for the BNS
3. To develop competencies of the
BNS in the following areas:
(a) planning and organizing

(b) identifying and locating targets
(c) providing basic services
(d) reporting and monitoring
✓ LCEs (Governor/Mayor/Brgy. Captain)
✓ PNAO
✓ CNAO
✓ MNAO
✓ D/CNPC
NNC
RNC RNC
RNPC
PNC CNC
Governor City Mayor
PNAO CNAO
MNC
Mayor
MNAO D/CNPC
BNC BNC
BNS
Administrative supervision
Coordination
Technical supervision and
NNC, 1981
continuing education
Social Preparation
Recruitment of D/CNPC by the
LCEs
Recruitment of BNS
Training of the BNS

Delivery of services by the
BNS
Knowing the BNS as a
Volunteer and as a Scholar
“The Barangay Nutrition
Scholar shall be a barangay-
based volunteer worker
responsible for delivering nutrition services

and other related activities such as community
health, backyard food production,
environmental sanitation, culture, mental
feeding, and family planning to the barangay.”
volunteer
He/she is delivering
He/she has to nutrition and related
continue to learn services to the
and upgrade his/her community without
knowledge in order compensation.
to perform his/her
roles in community scholar
nutrition work.
SELECTION, RECRUITMENT,
AND BENEFITS/INCENTIVES
OF A BNS
1. state the minimum qualifications of a
BNS
2. describe the process of selecting and
recruiting a BNS
3. explain the benefits and incentives that
the BNS receives.
GENERAL SPECIFIC
1. Properly accomplished 1. Diploma or authentic evidence of completion of high
Application Form (CS Form school course
101-A, Rev 2005)
2. Residency certification
2. Three (3) pcs identical ID
pictures (1”x1”) 3. Certificate of completion
3. Original and photocopy of 4. Certification that the participant has obtained a
at least one (1) valid ID passing mark in the accomplishment of targets set
4. Original and photocopy of in the action plan
Birth Certificate (NSO) 5. Monthly accomplishment report (NNC Form 5)
5. Original and photocopy of 6. BNS performance eval. sheets for the last 2 years
marriage certificate
7. Certification of continuous and satisfactory service
6. (If filing through a as BNS
representative)
Authorization letter, 8. Copies of MOA or contract of
original and photocopy of service as BNS for the last 2
ID of representative years
ROLES AND
FUNCTIONS OF A BNS
1. enumerate the roles and functions of
BNS
2. differentiate the roles and functions of

BNS from other barangay-based
workers
Identifying the Roles
and Functions of BNSs
Planning
Coordination
Advocacy
I
mplementation
M onitoring & evaluation
Resource mobilization
Documentation
P lanning
✓ assists the barangay chairperson in
organizing or reactivating the BNC
✓ initiates and assists the BNC in the
formulation of the BNAP
Coordination
✓ initiates meetings of the BNC and submit
minutes of the meeting
✓ facilitates nutrition-related meetings
✓ coordinates implementation of nutrition
intervention activities
✓ refers clients to appropriate service
providers
Advocacy
✓ promotes and advocates nutrition
programs
Implementation
✓ counsels the mothers of children whose
weights have decreased or children who
have not gained weight & also visit
beneficiaries who fail to attend weighing
✓ conducts annual weighing of all children/
OPT (0-71 months old)
Implementation
✓ provides basic nutrition and health
information to mothers of
underweight children
✓ refers sick and underweight children
to health centers, clinics or hospitals
Implementation
✓ refers eligible targets to feeding
programs
✓ distributes and/or sells food
commodities
✓ distributes available vitamin/mineral
supplements
Implementation
✓ distributes and/or sells food
commodities
✓ distributes available vitamin/mineral
supplements
✓ conducts or assists in conducting
systematic nutrition and health
education classes to mothers
Implementation
✓ promotes the construction and proper
and continued use of sanitary toilets
✓ campaigns for the eradication of
breeding places for insects and
rodents that are carriers of diseases
Implementation
✓ refers household water sources of
doubtful quality to the RHU
✓ distributes available seeds and
seedlings
Implementation
✓ advises families of possible
resources for food production
✓ recommends food crops to be
produced for home consumption
✓ monitors nutritional status
✓ informs, monitors and follows-up
mothers/caregivers/ parents of
beneficiaries and resource persons
to attend the food supplementation
activities
✓ monitors implementation of nutrition
and nutrition-related laws, ordinances
and policies
✓ provides feedback/updates to the
BNC, C/MNAO and D/CNPC thru
meeting
R esource mobilization
✓ mobilizes and generates human and
financial resources in coordination
with the BNC
D ocumentation & record-keeping
✓ prepares minutes or highlights of
meetings dutifully and promptly,
prepare brief write-ups and diaries
(i.e. BNS diary) and take photos of
important activities
D ocumentation & record-keeping
✓ ensures the preservation of data for
evidential purposes, accurate and
efficient updating, timely availability,
and control of access to them by the
LNC members
✓ roles and functions of the BNS are
along NPM
✓ the roles and functions have evolved
✓ BNS is the point person on nutrition in
the barangay
Differentiating the Roles and
Functions of BNS and other
Barangay-based workers
BNS BHW BNAO
PD 1569 RA. 7883
The Philippine
Strengthening the An act granting Nutrition
Barangay Nutrition benefits and Program
Program by providing incentives to Implementing
a Barangay Nutrition accredit Barangay Guidelines
Scholar in barangay, Health Workers and
providing funds for other purposes
therefore, and for
other purposes
BNS BHW BNAO
A barangay-based A person who has Responsible for the
volunteer worker undergone training coordination of the
implementation of
responsible for programs under any nutrition
delivering to the accredited interventions at the
barangay nutrition government and barangay level
services and other NGO who voluntarily
related activities renders primarily Focal person for
nutrition in the
health care services barangay
in the community
BNS BHW BNAO
One BNS every Total BHW in the One per
barangay Philippines not barangay
exceeding 1% of
the total
population
BNS BHW BNAO
• A resident of the barangay • Have completed the • At least an
for at least four (4) years DOH basic course for elementary
• At least primary school BHWs conducted by school graduate
graduate an accredited • Possess
• Possess leadership government agency leadership
potential or NGO potential
• Able to speak the dialect • At least 18 years old • Willing to work
• Willing to serve the • Have rendered for the PPAN in
barangay voluntary primary the barangay
• Willing to learn and to health care services
teach barangay people for at least one year
• Physically and mentally fit
• 18-60 years old
BNS BHW BNAO
Shall be recruited from Procedure for The BNAO is
within the barangay and registration: appointed/desig
shall be tested on mental • Filing of application nated by the
ability and proper work • Evaluation of barangay
attitude. application captain who
• Board Decision decides the term
The barangay captain • Posting of Board of office
submits to the C/MNAO the Decision
list of qualified applicants. • Issuance of
The C/MNAO endorses the Certificate of
final recommended to the Registration
mayor for approval
It should work for a period
of at least one year
BNS BHW BNAO
Refer to Table 1.1 Provides basic Initiates the meetings of
(Activity 1, Session preventive, the BNC and submits
3) promotive, and excerpts of minutes;
curative services coordinates
under the implementation of
supervision of nutrition intervention
midwives activities; prepares
quarterly report of
accomplishments; keeps
records of barangay
nutrition activities
✓ The roles and functions of BNS,
BHW and BNAO should be
complementary.
APPLAUSE
FOR BNS!
DEVELOPING SKILLS
OF THE BNS
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
1. identify forms of communication skills
2. recognize the effective verbal and
non-verbal communications
3. differentiate counseling from teaching
and advising
4. demonstrate application of effective
communication in nutrition counseling
The Communication Process
Communication is “sharing of
ideas, skills or feelings with
others”
S ource : the sender
Message : also known as the subject
Channel : the media
Receiver : recipient of the message
E ffect : reply or reaction
F eedback :transmitting
process of
the
effect
Feedback Effect
Source Message
Receiver
Channel
Differentiating Verbal and
Non-verbal Communication
Verbal Non-verbal
1. Oral 1. Overall body
language
2. Written
2. Facial
expressions
Effective communication entails using
helpful verbal and non-verbal
communication such as:
✓ Use of open-ended questions

✓ Use of non-verbal cues
✓ Asking open-ended is better in verbal
communication rather than asking
close-ended question.
✓ The values BNSs hold can be

reflected in both verbal and non-
verbal communication.
Communication Skills in
Nutrition Counseling
✓ Interactive process between
the counselor and the client
✓ The counselor asks the
client about his/her situation
and spends time listening
while the client willingly
shares information
✓ Upon assessment of the
situation, the counselor
provides the client with
information to help the client
make a decision or action
The process of sharing
information
Giving possible options

✓ use helpful non-verbal communication
✓ ask open-ended questions
✓ use responses and gestures that show
interest
✓ reflect back on what the client says
✓ empathize or show that you understand
how the client feels
✓ avoid using words that sound judging:
▪ Good ▪ Proper ▪ Sufficient
▪ Bad ▪ Adequate ▪ Fail
▪ Correct ▪ Inadequate ▪ Failure
▪ Right ▪ Satisfied ▪ Succeed
▪ Wrong ▪ Plenty of ▪ Success
✓ Communication skills are needed by the
BNSs in performing their roles and
functions
✓ For successful communication with

clients and other stakeholders, BNSs
should know how to use verbal and non-
verbal communication skills.
✓ Other listening and learning skills such as
reflecting back, avoiding use of
judgmental words and empathy are also
necessary in effective counseling.
PRESENTATION SKILLS
1. identify situations when BNS needs
presentation skills
2. enumerate ways of developing
presentation skills
3. demonstrate effective ways of delivering

messages to a group of people
a practice of showing and explaining
the content of a topic to an audience or
learner
2 Actual delivery
1
Conceptualization
and preparation
Identify the purpose of the
presentation
List down three key messages and
build it up with sub-messages
Think about your introduction and

closing.
Know your audience
Take note of the time allotted to

your presentation
Prepare your visual aids according
to the purpose of your presentation
Prepare for a three-minute

presentation.
Effective presentation depends
on a well-planned and well-
structured presentation
material.
a. Focus on the topic and message
you wish to convey to your
audience.
b. Prepare yourself for the
presentation.
c. Ensure that your visual aid is
complete.
d. When giving the presentation, do the
following:
✓ Be lively
✓ Present the information as in a conversation
✓ Stand in an area where you do not block your
visual aids
✓ Move around the room, and use natural hand
gestures
d. When giving the presentation, do the
following:
✓ Keep your body language positive
✓ Maintain eye contact with your audience
✓ Speak clearly and try to vary the pitch
and pace of your voice
e. When asked a
question,
repeat this for
the benefit of
the audience.
ADVOCACY SKILLS
1. define advocacy within the context of
nutrition
2. enumerate the elements (ABCDE) of
advocacy
3. share experiences in successful advocacy
work
4. enumerate the guideposts in doing
advocacy
convincing,
persuading, and
motivating individuals,
groups and
organizations that
there is a nutritional
problem and there
are ways to solve
malnutrition
Remember ABCDE:
Audience Behavior Content Design Evaluation

Audience : WHO to advocate
Behavior : VIEW of the audience

regarding the issue
Content : what MEDIA to use for
advocacy
Design : HOW will the advocacy

be delivered
Evaluation : what is the RESULT of
advocacy
✓ Facts and evidence
to support your case
✓ Anticipate what the
decision-maker
might present as
argument, and plan
your responses
✓ Consider how you
want to behave
during the meeting
and why
Focus on one advocacy issue at a
time.
Begin by praising the decision-
maker for any past support for
your issue.
Be attentive to your audience.
Link your objective to an issue the
decision-maker cares about.
Highlight the positive aspects of
your issue.
Know all aspects about the issue.
Be willing to negotiate and
prepare alternative options.
Select a spokesperson if you
advocate as a group
End by summarizing the
agreements and thanking the
decision-maker
Do follow-through actions
✓ Advocating for nutrition is one of the most
challenging roles of BNSs.
✓ Five elements of advocacy (audience,

behavior, content, design and evaluation)
that have to be taken into consideration to
ensure success.
✓ Effective advocacy work also requires
good communication and presentation
skills.
✓ Values and personal characteristics of the

advocates are also important factors in
successful advocacy work.
DOCUMENTATION,
REPORT WRITING AND
RECORD KEEPING
1. Explain the importance of documentation,
record keeping and report writing in
carrying out the functions of a BNS
2. Identify strategies for effective

documentation and record keeping
3. Prepare a simple written report

Valuing Documentation Skills
BNSs are the main
source of
information in the
barangay when it
comes to nutrition
concerns.
• Provide database
of population to
be served
• Note referrals of
families for
services
• Record
agreements,
follow-through
actions and
accomplishments
• Monitoring and
evaluation
• Essential information on barangay
nutrition situation always comes from the
BNS, and it is crucial that these data are
properly documented and reported.
Prepare minutes of meetings on time
Prepare brief write-ups
Take photos of important activities
Document also good practices

• The common way to
document and take notes is
using an Activity Record.
• Useful for the BNS to keep track of her

accomplishments, reference in preparing
reports, and follow-up visits.
Understanding Report Writing
a. Essential for communication,
which is necessary for
maintaining transparency.
b. Helps in transferring
essential information.
c. The BNS assist in writing reports to:
✓ record accomplishments, problems
encountered and actions taken
✓ inform people in the community on the
recent nutrition-related activities done
by the BNC
✓ show proof on how funds were used
✓ have bases for monitoring, evaluation
and planning
A well written report should have the
following:
1. title, period covered, date when
the report was written and the
name of the BNS
2. a brief but complete description
of the project
3. highlights of the accomplishments:
• key people involved
• major activities
• results/outcomes of efforts done
• problems and opportunities
4. conclusions and recommendations
For the report to serve its purpose,
it must be submitted or shared with
intended users and the highlights of
the report should be presented to
key people.
Appreciating Record Keeping
A systematic way by which record is
maintained
• The BNS needs to keep a record of
all aspects of the project and not just
the time involved in a project.
• The important
information should be
kept in files so that it
can be retrieved
easily.
1. Records can tell what happened.
2. Records show how the
program or activity is
progressing.
3. Records are useful when
there is change in
personnel.
▪ OPT records ▪ Family Profile
▪ Master list of ▪ Accomplishment
clients Report
▪ Barangay Nutrition ▪ Minutes of BNS
Action Plan meeting
▪ Diary ▪ Communications
5. Make sure the BNC
members know how the
files are organized.
4. Put files in drawer or filing
cabinet
3. Properly label folders/envelopes
2. Place files in folders/ envelopes
1. Decide on how to organize
files
Documentation, report
writing and record
keeping promote work
efficiency among BNSs.
These skills must be

constantly developed.
TIME MANAGEMENT
1. Explain the importance of time
management to the BNS task
2. Identify strategies for effective time

management among BNSs
Prioritizing Task as a Strategy to
Manage Time
Planning
Coordination
Advocacy
I
mplementation
onitoring & evaluation
Mesource mobilization
R
The situation of the
two glass jars
is much like time
management,
in that by completing your biggest task
first, you leave room to complete your
medium tasks, then your smaller ones;
…by completing your smallest task
first you spend so much time on them that
you are unable
to complete
either medium
or large tasks
satisfactorily.
Scheduling as Strategy for
Effective Time Management
In addition to task prioritization,
scheduling appointments and
activities are practical strategies for
efficient time management of the BNSs.
a. Make sure you really need a meeting.
b. Set agenda before setting the meeting.
c. Separate personal from official
appointments.
d. Confirm the schedule a day or two
before the set date and time.
e. Schedule related activities when going
to a specific area in the barangay.
f. Extend courtesy when setting

appointment/meeting even in instances
when the request for appointment is
denied.
g. The following must be considered when
meeting an appointment:
✓ review/ bring with you your notes on the list
of things you want to discuss
✓ arrive at the meeting place on time
✓ be attentive and polite
✓ keep the length of your meeting within the
agreed schedule
h. For home visits, in cases when target
mothers or household members are not
available, proceed with the visit of other
households.
Take note that you need to go back at
another time to the target household.
1. The BNS needs to develop the skill
of time management.
2. Efficient time management helps in

the completion of tasks and better
delivery of services to clients.
3. Practical strategies to efficiently
manage time include:
✓ Prioritizing between major and
minor tasks
✓ Maximizing the use of time
through proper scheduling
ORGANIZING SKILLS
1. Define organizing
2. Explain the importance of organizing skills
in the performance of the roles and
functions of a BNS
3. Apply the organizing skill in specific
activities of the BNS such as organizing a
mothers’ class
a. Organizing means
dividing tasks
among the
implementers and
defining resources to
be used or shared
b. Enables people to establish a course
of action for themselves and others to
accomplish specific results.
Useful in:
✓ prioritizing tasks
✓ avoiding duplication of roles
✓ maximizing people’s time and
resources
c. The benefits of organizing include:
✓ building of networks
✓ enhancing leadership skills
✓ developing communication
skills
d. Organizing also involves

facilitating and networking
skills.
In the conduct of mother’s class, a BNS
needs to list down the steps such as:
✓ Identify venue, time, and resource
person
✓ Identify resources needed
✓ Assign tasks and clarify
expectations
✓ Announce to mothers the activity
In the conduct of mother’s class, a BNS
needs to list down the steps such as:
✓ Conduct activity and see to it that all
preparations were attended to
✓ Prepare simple documentation report
✓ Thank all who participated in the activity
✓ Arrange for clean-up of venue
a. Involving others in planning the
activity
b. Clarifying assigned tasks and
expectations
c. Ensuring resources are available
when needed
a. Facilitating is a way of guiding a group
of people through a process of learning
or change in a way that encourages all
members to participate.
b. The BNS uses facilitation skills when
organizing mothers for nutrition
programs, community members for a
general assembly in planning the BNAP.
An encourager
Willing to learn from mistakes
An enabler
Affirming of everyone’s A motivator

knowledge
A good listener
Dynamic
Know how to Good at summarizing others’ ideas

handle details
A good communicator
Has developed
sense of timing Confident
✓ Listen actively
✓ Give recognition
✓ Make process
observations
✓ Honor differences
✓ Involve everyone
✓ Transfer leadership
The exchange of information or
services among individuals,
groups or institutions
1. Find out what are the needs of the
nutrition program
2. Determine who can help and where
they are
3. Find out the best way to approach the
people
4. Be ready with what the nutrition
program can offer them in return
1. Plan ahead
2. Have an inventory of the resources
available
3. Identify people to be involved in the
activity, ask for volunteers if needed
4. Prepare letters, signage and other
materials to be used
1. Start and end on time.
2. Introduce yourself and let the others
introduce themselves as well.
3. Explain your objective for the activity
and expectations for the participants
4. Motivate participants to share how they
can help in the nutrition program
5. Keep the discussion focused on the
topic.
6. Take time at the end of the activity to
process.
7. Make sure the activity is documented.
8. Thank them for their participation.
1. BNSs should have organizing skills.
2. Organizing also involves the use of
facilitating and networking skills which
are also important in conducting nutrition
projects and activities.
COORDINATING SKILLS
1. Define coordination
2. Explain the importance of coordination in
the performance of the task of BNSs
3. Demonstrate strategies for effective
coordination
a. Process of harmonious interaction of
different people working together to
achieve common goal or objective
b. Should be done with the participation
and involvement of members of the
BNC, NAO, DNPC, fellow BNSs, and
other community volunteers
1. Brings people together to be concerned
and work for nutrition
2. Maximize the efficient use of resources
3. Help minimize duplication of activities
4. Facilitate the cooperation among BNC
members
5. Improved selection of target clients
a. For the overall task to be achieved, it is
necessary to be informed on what other
people are doing.
b. It is helpful that each individual knows

the “end goal” of the task in order to do
the right activities towards achieving the
overall task.
c. At the local level, each of the members
of the BNC and the BNS work on
his/her own part (representing
specialization); all of these contribute
to an overall group aim and result.
These seven skills presented are
interrelated and are essential for the
BNSs to perform their roles and functions
effectively and efficiently.
Situating NPM in the Local
Development System
332
Module 33Session
Module Session3
3
OBJECTIVES
333
Module 3 Session
3
1. Discuss the importance of the

LGU’s administrative structure in
planning and implementation of
nutrition programs.
2. Illustrate the structure for
coordination of nutrition programs
334
Module 3 Session
3
3. Explain the link of the local nutrition

action plans to national nutrition
plans.
4. Situate the local nutrition action plans
in the local planning development
system.
335
Module 3 Session
3
National
Government
Province Highly
Urbanized City
Municipality Component
City
Barangay Barangay Barangay
General Structure of Local Government

336
Source: Local Government in the Philippines: A Book of Readings (1998)
Module 3 Session
3
a The legal relationship between LGUs is
along the implementation of development
plans and programs including nutrition
programs.
National
Government
Province Highly
Urbanized City
Municipality Component
City

337
Module 3 Session
3
b
General National
Supervision Government
Province Highly
Urbanized City
Fully
Independent Municipality Component
City

338
Module 3 Session
3
National
Government
c Province Highly
Urbanized City
Responsive
and Municipality Component
Accountable City

339
Module 3 Session
3
The higher level takes action on the
nutrition needs of those in the
lower level
National
Government
d Province Highly
Urbanized City
Responsive
Accountable City

340
Module 3 Session
3
Responsibilities of cities/municipalities to
their barangays
National
Government
d Province Highly
Urbanized City
Responsive
Accountable City

341
Module 3 Session
Likewise, the lower level should support and
e
3
comply with (responsive) the nutrition directions
from the higher level, and is responsible for the
implementation of nutrition interventions
(accountable).
National
Government
Province Highly
Urbanized City
Responsive
Accountable City

342
Module 3 Session
National Nutrition Council— Governing Board 3
Chair: DOH Inter-
Agency
National Nutrition Council— Secretariat Technical
Committee
Regional Nutrition Committee
Chair: Regional Director
Provincial Nutrition Committee City Nutrition

Chair: Governor
Committee
Chair: Mayor
Municipal Nutrition Committee
Chair: Mayor
Barangay Nutrition Committee

Chair: Barangay Captain
NNC Coordinating Structure

343
Source: NNC, 2005
Module 3 Session
Chair: DOH
National Nutrition Council— Secretariat

344
Source: NNC, 2005
Module 3 Session
Chair: DOH
National Nutrition Council— Secretariat
10 Department secretaries
+ 3 Representatives from the private sector

345
Source: NNC, 2005
Module 3 Session
Chair: DOH Inter-
Agency
Committee

346
Source: NNC, 2005
Module 3 Session
Chair: DOH Inter-
Agency
Committee

Chair: Governor
Committee
Chair: Mayor
Chair: Mayor


347
Source: NNC, 2005
Module 3 Session
Chair: DOH Inter-
Agency
Committee

Chair: Governor Planning
Committee Implementing
Chair: Mayor Monitoring
Municipal Nutrition Committee Evaluating
and
Chair: Mayor Coordinating
local plans of
action of nutrition

348
Source: NNC, 2005
Module 3 Session
Chair: DOH Inter-
Agency
Committee
Nutrition worker
occupying the next
Provincial Nutrition Committee higher position
City Nutrition
LCEChair: Governor Committee
Chair: Mayor
Chair: Mayor


349
Source: NNC, 2005
Module 3 Session
3
Philippine Plan of Action for
Nutrition (PPAN)
Regional Plan of Action for

Nutrition (RPAN)
Provincial Nutrition Action Plan

(PNAP)
City/Municipal Nutrition Action

Plan (CNAP/MNAP)
Barangay Nutrition Action Plan

(BNAP)
Nutrition Action Plans at Different
Administrative Levels
350
Module 3 Session
3
Country’s blueprint Philippine Plan of Action for
Nutrition (PPAN)

Nutrition (RPAN)

(PNAP)
Doable actions
depending on the City/Municipal Nutrition Action
situation of the Plan (CNAP/MNAP)
LGUs
(BNAP)
351
Module 3 Session
3
What is the difference

between Plan of Action for
Nutrition (PAN) and Nutrition
Action Plan (NAP)?
352
Module 3 Session
3
“Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN)
Nutrition” (PPAN/RPAN)
because it provides the
general and broad Regional Plan of Action for
framework Nutrition (RPAN)

(PNAP)
“Nutrition action plan”
(P/C/M/BNAP) because
it contains specific City/Municipal Nutrition Action
actions or operations Plan (CNAP/MNAP)

(BNAP)
353
Module 3 Session
3
Nutrition (PPAN)
Region Regional Plan of Action for

Nutrition (RPAN)

Province (PNAP)
City/ City/Municipal Nutrition Action

Municipality Plan (CNAP/MNAP)
Barangay Barangay Nutrition Action Plan

(BNAP)
354
Module 3 Session
3
Nutrition (PPAN)

Nutrition (RPAN)

(PNAP)
City/Municipal Nutrition Action

Plan (CNAP/MNAP)

(BNAP)
355
Module 3 Session
National Philippine 3 for
Philippine Plan of Action
Development Plan (PDP) Nutrition (PPAN)
Regional Regional Regional Plan of Action for

Development Plan (RDP) Nutrition (RPAN)
Local Comprehensive Local

Development Plan (CLDP) Local Nutrition Action Plan
• PNAP
Comprehensive Land Use Plan • C/MNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP
Legislation Executive - Legislative Agenda (ELA)
Annual Investment Plan (AIP)

Budgeting Appropriation Ordinance (Annual Budget)
Service
Delivery Citizen Charter
Situating and harmonizing the Local Nutrition Action356

Plans
in the overall local development system
Module 3 Session


• PNAP
• C/MNAP
Planning
Let’s define each of these plans.
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(CLUP) • BNAP

Service

Plans
Module 3 Session
Regional
PDP spells the direction, policies
Regional and
Regional priority
Plan of Action for
targets, programs
Development Plan (RDP) and projects of the (RPAN)
Nutrition country.
• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP

Service

Plans
Module 3 Session
Regional PPAN sets the

Regional policy
Development Plan (RDP)
and program directions,
Nutrition (RPAN)
goals and targets on nutrition.
• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP

Service

Plans
Module 3 Session

Local RPAN spells out

Comprehensive Localthe policy and program
Development Plan (CLDP)
direction on nutrition at regional level.
Local Nutrition Action Plan
• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP

Service

Plans
Module 3 Session

Comprehensive Local
Local The RPAN Plan
Development is an integral part
(CLDP) of the RDP.
Local Nutrition Action Plan
• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP

Service

Plans
Module 3 Session


• PNAP
Planning CLDP corresponds
Comprehensive to
Land Use Plan
(CLUP)
the multi-sectoral
• C/MNAP
• BNAP
development plans and investment programs.

Service

Plans
Module 3 Session


• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP
Legislation CLUP is a policy guide

Executive for the
- Legislative regulation
Agenda (ELA) of
land use. Annual Investment Plan (AIP)
Service

Plans
Module 3 Session


• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP
ELA is a 3-yearAnnual
planInvestment
generatedPlan (AIP)
from the CLDP.
Service

Plans
Module 3 Session


• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP

Budgeting AIP is a tool by which
Appropriation an LGU
Ordinance annually
(Annual Budget)
Service manages and financially supports its 3-10 year
Delivery sectoral plan and itsCitizen
Local Development
Charter
Investment Program (LDIP)
Plans
Module 3 Session


• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP

Budgeting
LNAP is a 3-year plan
Appropriation containing
Ordinance objectives
(Annual Budget)
Service
Delivery
and nutrition interventions that will be
Citizen Charter
implemented.

Plans
Module 3 Session


• PNAP
Planning
(CLUP) • BNAP

Service

Plans
Module 3 Session
3
The LGUs formulate two major

plans:
1. Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
2. Comprehensive Development Plan
(CDP)
368
Module 3 Session
Situating the LNAPs in the Context of the

3
Local Development Planning System
• Most LNAPs are stand-alone plans and

are not harmonized with other planning
efforts or documents
• LNAPS are seldom linked to the
investment and budgeting process
369
Module 3 Session
Situating the LNAPs in the Context of the 3
• LNAP should be part of the CLDP and ELA

and ultimately in the AIP and appropriation
ordinance or budget
• The integration of nutrition in CLDP can be
made possible by having a chapter on
nutrition
370
Module 3 Session
Situating the LNAPs in the Context of the
3
• The local nutrition process and schedule

should be linked with the local
development planning, legislation and
budgeting
371
Module 3 Session
Citizen’s Charter 3
• Document that contains relevant

information on the frontline services
and goods provided by LGUs to their
constituents
• Provides the standard for the
delivery of services and go to the
public
372
Module 3 Session
R.A. 9485 3
All government agencies & LGUs shall

set up their respective service
standards known as Citizen’s Charter in
the form of information billboards
which should be posted at the main
entrance of offices in the form of
published materials in English, Filipino
or local dialect.
373
Module 3 Session
R.A. 9485 3
“An act to improve efficiency in the

delivery of government service to the
public by reducing bureaucratic
red tape preventing graft and
corruption, and providing penalties
therefore.”
374
Module 3 Session
Standard Information
3
1. Procedure to obtain a particular service

2. Person/s responsible for each step
3. Maximum time to conclude the process
4. Document/s to be presented by the
customer (if necessary)
5. Amount of fees (if necessary)
6. Procedure for filing complaints
375
Module 3 Session
3
376
Module 3 Session
3
377
Module 33Session
Module Session3
3
KEY POINTS
378
Module 3 Session
3
Nutrition plans at different

administrative levels— BNAP, MNAP,
PNAP, RPAN and the PPAN— are
interrelated.
As such, these plans should not be
stand alone but harmonized!
379
Selecting Nutrition
Interventions
Module 4 Session
Nutrition Intervention
4
Any policy, program,

project or activity that will
contribute to change or
improve nutrition situation
Module 4 Session
Nutrition Interventions and 4
Strategies Commonly
Implemented in the Philippines
According to Priority Actions on
Nutrition
A. Evidence-Based Strategies and
Actions
B. Enabling Mechanisms
Module 4 Session
A. Evidence-based Strategies 4
and Priority Action

1. Reduction of underweight and stunted under-five children
2. Reduction of wasted under-five children
3. Reduced prevalence of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women
4. Reduced prevalence of thin school-age children
5. Reduced prevalence of VADD and IDD; and IDA among infants
6-11 months old, 1-2 years old, pregnant and lactating women
6. Decreased percentage of Filipino households w/ inadequate
calorie intake
7. Levels of overweight and obesity among children and adults do
not increase any further
Module 4 Session
4
1. Reduction of underweight and

stunted under-five children
Module 4 Session
4
• Support for pregnant and lactating women
to practice optimum IYCF
• Capacity building on IYCF (peer counselor)
• Training of health & nutrition workers on
IYCF counseling
Module 4 Session
4
• Setting up and maintaining human milk
banks
• Enforcement of EO 51
• Home fortification of complementary foods
through the use of multiple micronutrient
powder
Module 4 Session
4
2. Reduction of wasted
under-five children
Module 4 Session
4
• Active identification of cases

• Set up and use of a referral system
• Building capacities of health care facilities
and community
Module 4 Session
4
3. Reduced prevalence of
nutritionally-at-risk
pregnant women
Module 4 Session
4
Integration of nutrition services in ante-
natal care services
• Counseling
• Supplementary feeding,
when possible
• iron supplementation
Module 4 Session
4
4. Reduced prevalence of thin

school-age children
Module 4 Session
4
Delivery of an integrated package of
nutrition services in the school system
• Supplementary feeding (thin)
• Nutrition education
• Safe drinking water and
sanitary toilet facilities
• Essential Health Care
Program
• Growth monitoring and
promotion
Module 4 Session
4
Inclusion of modules on nutrition and
food safety & sanitation in ALS
Module 4 Session
4
5. Reduced prevalence of
VADD, IDD, and IDA among
infants 6-11 months old, 1-2
years old, pregnant and
lactating women
Module 4 Session
4
Micronutrient supplementation
• Vit A supplementation 2X/year for all <5 y.o
• Vit A supplementation for children wih measles
• Iron supplementation for pregnant (180 days)
• Iodine supplementation for pregnant
Module 4 Session
4
Food fortification
• Monitoring of mandatory food fortification of
staples
• Monitoring of storage, ports, food
establishment and outlets; point of production
and imported
salt
Module 4 Session
4
Food fortification
• Make iron-fortified rice

available in 4Ps areas
• Provision of support to
industries
Module 4 Session
4
Promotion of home-based production
& consumption of:
• Vitamin A- and iron-rich foods
with emphasis on animal
sources
• Fortified food
• Fats for Vitamin A
Module 4 Session
4
Promotion of home-based production
& consumption of:
• Vitamin C-rich foods for Iron
• Avoid giving coffee
& tea for children
Module 4 Session
4
Promotion of home-based
production & consumption of:
• Provision of material support
• Quad-media campaign
• Integration of related information
in the school curricula
Module 4 Session
4
6. Decreased percentage of
Filipino households w/
inadequate calorie intake
Module 4 Session
4
Increasing food supply through food
production policies and programs
• Pursue appropriate agriculture, agrarian
reform and trade policies & programs to
ensure stable supply of key commodities
• Pursue infrastructure development
Module 4 Session
4
• Establishment of kitchen gardens
• Stockpiling of basic commodities to ensure
food supply during emergencies
Module 4 Session
4
• Pursue policies and programs that will
stabilize the prices
• Increasing investment in agriculture & give
farmers access to:
• Knowledge and innovation
• Assets (land and water)
• Markets
• Credit
Module 4 Session
4
Protecting the vulnerable

from food insecurity
through food based safety
nets
• Direct distribution of rice
• Emergency employment
Module 4 Session
4
7. Levels of overweight and

obesity among children and
adults do not increase any
further
Module 4 Session
4
Promotion of healthy lifestyle in
community, school and workplace
• Quad-media campaign on increased
consumption of fruits, veggies & root
crops
• Wellness program
Module 4 Session
B. Enabling Mechanisms 4
• Human resource development

• Resource generation
• Advocacy
• Organizational intervention
• Policy intervention
Module 4 Session
Interventions for Nutrition 4
Management in Emergency and

Disaster Situations
• Food rations for mass
supplementary feeding
• Multiple micronutrient powder
• Vitamin and mineral
supplementation
Module 44 Session
Module Session4
4
KEY POINTS
Module 4 Session
4
• LNC or LPCG will decide on the

nutrition interventions based on
nutritional problems and its causes.
• Selecting interventions = going to
“intervention store” to sort & select
intervention for each identified
problem.
Module 4 Session
4
• Consider experiences on which

intervention worked or did not, have
not been tried or implemented.
• A good matrix of nutrition
intervention will address the various
causes of malnutrition.

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THE

1. Explain the legal framework of

International National level Local level

International National level Local level

The World Declaration on

Government has the prime

The fulfillment of the nutrition

Child nutrition is guaranteed in

“The state shall defend… The

• PD 491 (Nutrition Act of the Philippines)

Legal Framework of Managing 2

Legal Framework of Managing 2

Legal Framework of Managing 2

LGU Mandates for 2

Nutrition Act of the

Employing registered nutritionist dietitians

PD 1569 (1978) Strengthening the 2

Barangay Nutrition Program

• Strengthening the barangay nutrition

Reorganization Act of NNC

• Regulates marketing of breast milk

R.A. 7160 (1991) Local

RA 8172 (1995) An Act Promoting 2

Salt Iodization Nationwide and for

The Agriculture and Fisheries

Provision of extension services to

• LGUs should designate an official who

• Provide basic ECCD basic services

• Lay down the key principles, policy

Integrate nutrition objectives and

• Adopt and implement the maternal,

• NNC is transferred from the DA to

Focus from promoting family planning to

Reminding LGUs on their mandates

1. Define food, nutrients, and nutrition

5. Relate food and nutrition security with

Defining Food, Nutrition

Foods are sources of substances called

Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals

Fat-soluble Water-soluble Major Trace

The study of how

• The human body is not able to

Reduced capacity Increased risk of adult

Addressing nutritional problems and

Describing the Causes

BASIC DETERMINANTS INSTITUTIONS

The UNICEF Conceptual Framework of the Determinants of Nutritional Status

• Inadequate food intake combined with

• The availability and control of human,

Undernourished School drop-out

Poverty Lack skill/

Life stage Common nutritional disorders Main consequences

Newborn ▪ Low birth weight ▪ Growth retardation

Adolescent ▪ PEM ▪ Delayed growth spurt, stunted

Adults ▪ CED, IDA ▪ Thinness

• There are many forms of malnutrition

• Malnutrition has serious consequences

It is important to know the

Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid

Fish, Shellfish, Meat, Poultry, 1- 1 1/3 servings

Milk, Milk Products 1 glass

Fruits 1-2 medium servings