‫ﺍﻟﻒ ( ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺧﺮﺩﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪ -2‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ‪ -3‬ﭘﺨﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ‪ -5 Impregnating -4‬ﭘﺨﺖ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪ -6‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺧﺮﺩﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻚ ﻣﺘﺎﻟﻮﺭﮊﻱ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻛﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺷﻜﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺧﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ) ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻧﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ( ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﺯﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻓﺖ ) ‪ ( Pitch‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻳﺒﺮﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺨﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﻮﻛﻼﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ‪ Impregnating‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻭﺯﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺨﺖ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 3000‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺭﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ 6‬ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -6‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺯﻭﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﻧﻴ ﭙﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻧﻴﺪﻝ ﻛﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﮊﺍﭘﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﭘﺨﺖ ﻛﻚ ﻣﺘﺎﻟﻮﺭﺯﻱ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﻢ ﻛﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 6‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻚ ﻣﺘﺎﻟﻮﺭﮊﻱ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻛﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪!!!!.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺪﻝ ﻛﻚ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻴﺘﺴﻮﺑﻴﺸﻲ ﮊﺍﭘﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻴﺪﻝ ﻛﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﻜ ﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺰﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ‪ High Tech‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻛﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ‪ Petroleum based‬ﻭ ‪ Coal Based‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﺘﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1- GrafTech U.S. 2- Fangda Carbon China 3- SGL Carbon Germany 4- Showa Denko Japan 5- Graphite India 6- HEG India 7- Tokai‬‬
‫‪Carbon Japan 8- Nippon Carbon Japan‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2017‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ 18‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻙ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪!.‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﺘﻲ ‪*UHP graphite electrode‬‬

‫‪Specification‬‬ ‫‪Units‬‬ ‫‪Amounts‬‬

‫‪Ash‬‬ ‫‪wt. −%‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬
‫‪Apparent density‬‬ ‫‪g/cm3‬‬ ‫‪1.6–1.72‬‬
‫‪Porosity‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪22–28‬‬
‫‪Transverse strength‬‬ ‫‪N/mm2‬‬ ‫‪9–13.8‬‬
‫‪Young Modulus‬‬ ‫‪× 103 N/mm2‬‬ ‫‪6.21–9.66‬‬
‫‪Electrical resistance‬‬ ‫‪× 106 Ω.mm‬‬ ‫‪45.7–83.8‬‬
‫)‪Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE‬‬ ‫‪× 10 − 6/°C‬‬ ‫‪2.16–3.24‬‬

‫‪* Ultra High Power Graphite Electrode‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎ ‪ 3000‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 3600‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪ , 152 mm – 610 mm‬ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 3Kg /tone‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺿﻪ ‪HMS (Heavy Melting Steel‬‬
‫)‪ Scrap‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬