Corruption:

The word corruption comes from Latin word “corruptus” which means “to break”.
Definitions:
1. “The dishonest or illegal behaviour especially by powerful people such as
government officials is known is corruption”
2. “The misuse of public power for private gain is called corruption.”
3. “The misuse of public office for private gain is called corruption”

Corruption is a dishonest action that destroys peoples trust in the people or group.
Examples:

 Bribery
 Extortion
 Fraud
 Nepotism
 Misuse of public funds

Types of corruption:
1. Petty corruption
2. Grand corruption

Petty Corruption:
Petty corruption means that corruption which is done on small scale or low level.
e.g: Inside use of grease money (Extortion and Bribes)

Grand Corruption:
Grand corruption means that corruption which is done on big scale or high level.
e.g: Selection of corrupt leaders.

Corruption can take different forms, such as:

 Bribery – the act of receiving money or other valuable things in exchange for
using power or influence in an illegal way
 Graft – the use of power or influence for personal purposes
  Extortion – the use of threats or violence to get some benefit
 Kickback – the act of paying commission to a bribe-taker for some service
 Cronyism – the assignment of unqualified friends or relatives to positions
 Embezzlement – theft of government’s money.

HOW TO REDUCE CORRUPTION

The question again arises - how to control this increasing corruption in our country? There
are several bodies that are working for a corruption free system. Here are suggested some
of the tools to reduce corruption.

1. Education:
With the help of education we can reduce corruption. According to a report
by Transparency International, the least corrupt state is Kerala, the reason being that
Kerala's literacy rate is highest in India. So we can see how education effects
education. In most of the states, normally a fairly large number of people are
uneducated. Those who are uneducated do not know about the process, provisions
and procedures through which they can get justice. Corrupt public servants try to
make a fool of them and often demand bribes. It is due to unawareness in the field
of law, public rights and procedures thereof that a common and an uneducated
suffer out of the corrupt society. This suggests that if we are educated, we can
understand our rights well.

2. Change the government process:

If the members of the governing body are government officials, there will certainly
be less reports of the criminal cases. The reverse may be possible only when there
are no more criminal politicians in our government. The provision is that, if there is
any case filed against a person then he would not be eligible for election. But if we
see 100 politicians then about 60% of those would have a criminal case against
themo If these 'criminal' politicians are in charge of forming and implementing laws,
what type of law would be formed, one can only guess! Thus during election, we
should keep in mind the person for whom we shall not vote. In India there is a
provision that no person as a criminal shall be allowed as a Member of Parliament or
member of legislative. Unfortunately a fairly large number of them are a part of it.

3. Direct contect between government & governed:

 We can reduce corruption by increasing direct contact between government and the
governed. E-governance could help a lot towards this direction. In a conference on,
"Effects of Good Governance and Human Rights"organised by National Human Right
Commission, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam gave an example of the Delhi metro rail system and
online railway reservation as good governance and said that all the lower courts
should follow the example of the Supreme Court and High Court and make
judgements available online. Similarly, Sivraj Patil said that the Right to information
should be used for transparency. We have legal rights to know a lot of information.
According to this act, (Right to Information act 2005), generally people should follow
the procedure of law given to then when their work is not being implemented in a
proper way in public services. This act is a great help in the order to control
corruption.

4. Lack of effective corruption treatment:

Lack of effective corruption treatment is another reason. That means, instruments
which are in use, are not running properly. Despite the Prevention of Corruption Act
1988, corruption is still flourishing. Why? Because of weak actions and proceedings
towards corrupt people. People don’t have any fear of this act and the court. The act
may thus be revised for its better implementation. 5. Lack of transparency and
professional accountability is yet another big reason. We should be honest to
ourselves. Until and unless we will not be honest, we can’t control corruption. If each
of us is honest towards our profession, then corruption will automatically decrease.
We need to pay attention towards professional accountability i.e., how much we are
faithful and truthful towards our profession. Corruption may be controlled by
handling five major professions: lekhpal, medical, revenue, police and judicial.

5. Lack of transparency:

Lack of transparency and professional accountability is yet another big reason. We

should be honest to ourselves. Until and unless we will not be honest, we can’t
control corruption. If each of us is honest towards our profession, then corruption
will automatically decrease. We need to pay attention towards professional
accountability i.e., how much we are faithful and truthful towards our profession.
Corruption may be controlled by handling five major professions: lekhpal, medical,
revenue, police and judicial.

6. Honest toward profession:

 We should be honest toward our self. Until and unless we will not be honest, we can
not control corruption. If each of us are honest toward our profession then
corruption will automatically decreased. We need to pay attention toward
professional accountability i.e: how much we faithful towards our profession.

7. Economic development:

 The most honest countries of the world are those who are richest i.e
Denmark, Germany etc
 Demand supply gap is to be reduced to stop corruption.
 So you have to pay good salaries and for good salaries you require a greater
revenue and for a greater revenue you require harder big development in
country.
 So we focus on devolvement if we want to remove corruption.

8. Severe Punishment:

 Strict punishment for breaking laws.

 Cheek and Balance to avoid misuse of power.
 If someone break the law there should be a severe punishment if that is done
you will gradually see that people will not do wrong things and corruption is
end.

9. Accountability:

 All services to be delivered in a time frame.

 Action against officers who fail to deliver the service.
 Punishment and fine to officer who take illegal decision to harass citizen.

10.Disciplinary actions:

 If somebody caught red handed taking money there should be take a

disciplinary actions.
 Proceeding must be done with in a time manner.
 Corrupt officer should be removed from service.
☆ But Punishment is not sufficient, if you only punish the people, then they stop working
there should be rewards for good officers.

11. Rewards for sincere officers:

 Performance linked pay.

 Financial rewards for exceptional performance.
 Promotion for best officers who done exceptional performance.
 Award and honour to sincere officers.

12.Public campaign:

 Awareness campaign for public against corruption.

 Giving bribe is as much punishable as taking bribe.
 Rewards to public who giving information against corrupt officers.

13.Citizen feedback:

 Independent agency to take feedback from the citizen.

 Feedback through phone, mobile app, SMS, email and online.

14.Proactive action:

 Government should be proactive.

 Corrupt officers must be identified through feedback.
 Modus must be laid by government agencies to arrest the corrupt.
 Illegal assets must be identified & confiscated.

15.Stop electoral malpractice:

 The mother of all corruption is the electoral malpractices, this should be

reduced.
 Political parties taking donation and illegal money from officers.
 State funding of elections.
 Stop the use of black money in elections by political parties.
 Stop spending lot of money on campaign.

Prepared by:
HAMZA ZAHID
BS ENGLISH
ROLL NO. 30