Umrchaibasaplain

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Geomorphic regions of the chaibasa plain of Jharkhand (India)
Article · July 2015
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Vol. I, Issue III – June 2015 ISSN No. 2395-6941
Article ID # 225 Website: http://www.umrjournal.com/
Peer–Review Refereed Research Journal
Geomorphic regions of the chaibasa plain of Jharkhand (India)
Debashis Manna, Research Scholar, Department of Geography,

Ranchi University, Ranchi.
Email: debashismannageog@gmail.com, Contact: 08271201249
Satya Priya Mahato, Research Scholar, Department of Geography,
Ranchi University, Ranchi.
Email: satyapriya52@gmail.com, Contact: 09955450642.
Abstract: This is a Geomorphologic analysis of the Chaibasa plain, Jharkhand; present has
tried to study the physical geographical features to identity distant geomorphic regions of the
Chaibasa plain on the basis of analysis of structure, relief, and drainage system and terrain
characteristics. The geomorphic history, litho logical variations, climatic differences, location
and altitude of the area have also been taken basis for dividing this plain into geomorphic
regions.
Key Words: Geomorphic regions, Litho logical variations, Climatic differences, Chaibasa
Plain.
Introduction: This geomorphic study is culmination of the whole study where an attempt has
been made to delimit the area into geomorphic regions of the Chaibasa plain of Jharkhand in
different levels. This means not only an intrigation of the entire stratigraphic, structural,
tectonic, palaeo geographic, geeochronologocal, morph metric, erosional and climatic
backgrounds of the Chaibasa plain, but also the development of geomorphic frame work in
which the future investigations of different geomorphic scales can be under taken.
Objective: The main objective of the paper is to high light the geomorphic regions of the
Chaibasa plain of Jharkhand. I have studies and examined in detailed the Morphometric
history, Lithological Variation, Climatic Variations, location and altitude of the area,
geological features also.
Study area: The chaibasa plain is a biggest geomorphic unit of the Chotanagpur upland which
was provided very wide and interesting field for geography study. This plain region is
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subjected too much cycle of erosion. It is characterized by undulating topography with

rugged hilly terrains. The chaibasa plain covers an area of 2847 Km2 which extends from the
Subarnarekha valley in the east of the west is one of the most fertile regions of Jharkhand
state. It‟s latitudinal and longitudinal extends from 22º 14′ 06″ N latitude to 22º 54′ 7″ and
85º 24′ 30″ E to 86º 11′ 64″ E longitude the chaibasa plain encircled by Colhan in this region,
plateau, which is in south portion, Orissa is in west side Jamshedpur plain located of north-
west side and finally scarp region east side of this study region. This plain may be compared
with Panch Pargana plain.
Fig-1
Geology of the area: The geology of the study area is the geological sequence in the regional
begins with the most ancient rocks; the oldest crust building materials are Archean. Due to
millions of years of denudation under variety of rocks like granite grano- dorite Pegmetite,
shale of phyllite, Quartzite, Mica- Schist, Meta- Volcanics, Epidorite, Meta basalt, Meta
Gabbro, Ophiollites etc are frebly expressed by its topographical features. Geological features
help in to make of the demankation of geomorphic regions map.
Methodology: So far as the methodology of the present work is concerned the study was
based on field observation and previous literatures. The base map was prepared by using 1:
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50,000 topo- maps Survey of India. The geology of the study area was based on geological
Survey of India and NATMO also.
Geomorphic regions:
Geomorphic regions may be analyses a part of earth surfaces, On the basis of morphological
features, the nature of slope, altitude. The geomorphologic history the geology and structure
and various characteristics of rivers and drainage basins etc.
The Chaibasa plain may be dividing of into seven geomorphological regions.
1. The Sonua Goilkera plain.
2. The plain of Chakradharpue Granite.
3. The Sona plain region.
4. The Khutpani and Jhinkpani region.
5. The Tantanagar plain.
6. The Rajuagar – Gamharia plain.
7. The Saraikela- Kharswan plain.
1) The sonua- goilkera plain:
The Sorua – Goilkera plain is a very important geomorphic region of the Chaibasa
plain. It is a flat plain, and roughly demarcated in the west by the eastern marginal
port of the Bera reserved forest and lead reserved forest and in east for a long distance
by the Tayar Gara, a tribytary of the Sanjai. The elevation of this regions from 229
metres to 274 metres above m.s.l; but some hillocks which are actually the detached
outliers of the neighbouring scarp regions register higher elevations such as the
hillocks of 385 metres height above sea level to the north of Gitilpi, the Kudra Buru
and the Gonoli Buru (432 m.) To the north Ichahatu plain, this regon a long with the
Goilkera plain lies to the east of the natural pass which separates the Saranda hills
from the spurs of the Chotanagpur plateau. The hills of the regions are useally. The
hills of the regions are useally forested and the forests are almost conlinious from
Lota Pahar Railway station to the south of Bistampada in the north. The Hakagara and
its tributaries are intensely gullied.This region contains many important villages.
This sonua – goilkera plain consists shals or phyllites and mica- schists which
generally from tame or gently undulating topography. The South – Western part of the
103
Chaibasa plain is dominated by shales, these rocks yield to the agenlz of sub- areal
erosion. But at places where these rocks are capped by resistant rocks like quqrtzite.
To the east of the Sonua plain lis some detached out liers of the volcanic hills, These
hills were probably continuous with the volcanic hills of the scarp region to the south
but due to fluvial erosion away and the hills have been separated from the main hill
mass by well- defined valley.
2) The plain of chakradharpur granite:
This important region screeches from Amder (22º 44′; 85º 49′), with an average north-
south of about 10K.m. And forms a very monotonous tract of plain country covered
moinly by paddy fields. This plain region is very similar to the plain of Singhbhum
Granite like the latter one this region is intensely cultivated. This part is one of te
most fertile part of the Chaibasa plain. This region, drained by the Bamni which
originates on the Jilling Buru (637m) to the north – west in the scarp region. The
Binyai joints with the Bamni near Binjai Kusum and the Bamni joints with the Sanjai
north Chitubera. Both the Bamni and Sanjai show gulling. The average elevation of
the region ranges between 229 - 274 metres above sea level. Along the course of the
Bamanhatu the forest have developed between Jaypur in the north to Hatia in the
south. The average height of this region is from north to south. A flat plain named
Amda is situated on the Chakradharpur Granite.
This region is draind by the south flowing and south – east flowing rivers like the
some, the seriously plagued by gully erosion. The great charecteristics features of this
region is the existence of numerous extensive grass lands streaching from Rudrapur to
Polka along the Sialjuri Nadi, in the vicinity of Baramsal along the Binjai along the
Sanjai river, this plain region occupies an area of 436Km2 which is 15.31% of the
Chaibasa plain region.
Table – 1
Geomorphic regions
Name of the Geomorphic Region Total area in Km2 % of the total area
1.The Sonua Goilkera plain 232 8.14
2. The plain of Chakradharpue 436 15.31
104
Granite
3. The Sona plain region. 291 10.22
4.The Khutpani and Jhinkpani Plain 672.02 23.60
region.
5.The Tantanagar plain 455.12 16
6. The rajuagargamharia plain 438.88 15.42
7. The Saraikela- Kharswan plain 321.98 11.31
3. The sona plain:

The sona plain region is one of the major geomorphological regions of the Chaibasa plain. It
is a teolling plain. This plain region covers an area of 291 Km2 that is 10.22% of the total
area. The general gradiant of the plain land is from north- west to south – east. The sona is
the most important stream which flows from the North -West to South- East across this
region. The Kharswan plain and the Raisindri range in the east and the Jerang Butun, the
Pandu-lota, Kurung. Bisnu Bingrault Buru and the Baman Buru in the west and south- west.
This valley is almost enclosed by the phyllite ranges. The average elevation ranges from 200
metres to 450 meters abovbe the sea level. Originating in the Deshwar Pahar, the Sona river
flows for a long distance in Khunti district before coming into this region. The absolute relief
varies from 250 metres to 450 metres and the average relief from a little below 250- 350
metres. Forests are found along the stream course of the Sona. This region is thickly
populated and intensity cultivated. To the south and South – west of the Sursi Buru (600 m.)
Numerous springs are found to exist echelon.
Kharswan town is situated on this plain at an elevation of 20 m. Above m.s.l. There are some
residual hills of not much elevation, e.g., the hill (297 m.) To the south – east of Kharswan
town, the hill (271 m.) To north west of saidih, the hill (297 m.) To the west of Dakhidin and
the hill (214 m.) To the north of Kanchanpur. This region is very important from the view
pint of farming and human habitation. (Fig-2)
105
4. The khutpani and jhinkpani plain region:

These regions are the most significant region of the Chaibasa plain. Both are the flat plains
and are described here separately in two paragraphs. The Khutpani regions are located in
between the area of Chakradharpur town in the west and Chaibasa town in the east. The
Chaibasa (607m.), Bonga Batue, Ongarbira burn (650 m.) Hilla are situated on this region.
The average elevation of the surface range from 198 metres to 244 metres above sea level.
Surprising the drainage density and stream frequency are very low in this region. On the
eastern part of the region there are some residual hillocks, e.g., the Bicha Gutu (243m.), the
Burni Gotu (259m.) And the ridge (239m.) To the east of Porloyang. Jhiikpani area is also a
flat plain is also a flat plain like the former one. This region is like to the south of Chaibasa
town. This plain is also known as the Kolhan limestone of Jhikpani. At places grades into
dolomite this rocks is found to be penetrated by white quartz veins. At some patches the
limestone or dolomite shows some corrosion. This region is an undulating plain. The general
106
gradient of the land surface is from south to north and from west to east. The Gurna River
shows gullying at patches. (Fig-3)
5. The tantanagar plain:

The Tantanagar plain is one of the most important geomorphic region of the study area. This
region covers an area of 450.12 Km2 which is 16% of the total area. It lies in the east of the
Jhinkpani plain. The Ili Gara, Torlo, Chirchi are the important rivers of this region. These are
the west bank tributaries of the Kharkai. The average elevation of this region ranges between
225 metres and 259 metres above m.s.l. On this flat plain with a small relative relief rise
some hills and hillocks, the prominent among which an the Sabhaya (381m.) To the north-
west of Kheria Tangar in the protected forest65, the newer dolerite dykes to the north and
north – west of Rolodih, etc, The Chirchi Nadi in the most important of this region. This is
shallow and small tributary of the Kharkai.
This region covers an area of 435.12 Km2 which is 16% of the total area. This region consists
alfisoils such as tud- loamy and res- earth soils. It contains some important villages. This
region is very important from the view point of farming and human habitation.(Fig-4)
107
6. The rajnagar-gamharia plain:

The Rajnagar – Gamharia plain lies to the east of the Saraikela – Kharswa and Khuntpani
plains. The lower reches of the Kharkai and Sanjai are occupied by the region. The region is
drained by the Kharkai in the south and Sanjai in the centre. The Rajnaga plain is drained by
the tributary rivers of the Kharkai named Ior Gara, Son Nadi , etc. Rajnagar and Gumharia
are the two main towns of this geomorphic region. This is a thickly populated and densely
cultivated plain.
Some tributaries of the Kharkai of the Rajnagar plain in between Icha and Rajnagar also
show intense gulling. The elevation of the region ranges from 137 m. To 183m. Above sea
level. On the peneplained surface, some residusl hills like the Jhalda Pahar (286m.) To the
east of the Naryanpur occure. The kuku dungri ridge consists largely of Chlorite phyllites
with chorite- schists and quartzites. This ridge extends from west to east. Forests are found
around the Tama Dungri and the south and south – east of Gamharia. The Khandra and
Adityapur plain is also the north- eastern contimation of the Rajnagar and Gamharia plain.
This plain also contains the same characteristics features like the Rajnagar and Gamharia
plain.
7. The saraikela- kharswan plain: The Saraikela plain and the Kharswan plainboth are
the flat and combinatedly known as Saraikela – Kharswan plain, which is one of the
108
significant geomorphic regions of the Chaibasa plain. This plane region covered an area of
321.98Km2, that is 11.13% of the total area. The intensely gullied Kharswa passes almost
through the heart of this region. The rivers to the north and north-west of this line live joins
with the Sanjai in the north and the rivers to the south and south –east of this live join with
the Kharkai in the south. Around Saraikela it is an intensely cultivated, well populated
peneplain some monadnocks are observed. The conical shaped Bhurkuli Pahar (260m.), the
dome shape Hensa dungri, the conical hill of the Randa (272m.). Forest abound in the west,
north and north- east, this region abounds in grass lands, on the surface at places the felsper
boulders are found to lie. The Kharsa plain is a rolling plain is general gradient of the land
surface is from north- west to south-east accrossing region.The everage elevation of the
region from 183m. To 228m. Above sea level. The height of the landscape gragually
diminishis to the south- east and south. There are some relict hills of not much hight.
Horneblende – schist, mica- schist and granite are useally associated with plains. These rocks
rarely rise above the surface. These boulders are found scattered on the plain surface. The
slope of the land is generally towards to south east. The main river is the sona.
References:
1. Ahmad, E., (1965): Bihar:Physical, Economic, Regional Geography, Ranchi University, Ranchi, pp.
19-22.
2. Satpathi, D.D.P., (1981): “An Outline of Indian Geomorphology,” Classical Pub. Company, New
Delhi, P. 334.
3. Dunn, J.A., (1929) :“The Geology of North Singhbhum Including Parts of Ranchi and Manbhum
Districts”, Mem., G.S.I. Vol.54, P.107.
4. Munshi, S. K. & Das, R.K (1967): “Evolution of the Topography in Saranda, South
Singhbhum”, Proc. Geom. Stud. Ind., Sagar University, P. 162.
5. Dayal, P., (2015): „A Text Book of Geomorphology‟ Rajesh Publications, New Delhi, p.p. 48-50.
6. Ahmad, E., (1985): Geomorphology, Kalyani publishers, New Delhi, pp.113-120.
7. Thornbury, W.D., (1954): Principle of Geomorphology, John Wily and Sons, Inc., New York, P.101.
109
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Geomorphic regions of the chaibasa plain of Jharkhand (India)

Article · July 2015

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Geomorphic regions of the chaibasa plain of Jharkhand (India)

Debashis Manna, Research Scholar, Department of Geography,

subjected too much cycle of erosion. It is characterized by undulating topography with

3. The sona plain:

4. The khutpani and jhinkpani plain region:

5. The tantanagar plain:

6. The rajnagar-gamharia plain:

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