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The Hidden Profession That Saves Lives PDF
The Hidden Profession That Saves Lives PDF
The Hidden Profession That Saves Lives PDF
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Medical Laboratory Science (also called Clinical Laboratory Science) is one of the
most under-recognized health professions – with excellent job prospects
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A Clinical Laboratory Science class at Texas State University (Photo by Chandler Prude)
As an undergraduate microbiology major and MS student in virology, I envisioned a career in the clinical
laboratory at some exciting hospital conducting microbiological testing to identify disease-causing microbes.
After learning that I would be unable to work in a hospital laboratory, I decided to go to work for the Texas
Department of State Health Services (DSHS) in the Bureau of Laboratories as a public health microbiologist. I
worked in a variety of areas, including newborn screening and virology.
Later, I was a molecular epidemiologist for the DSHS Zoonosis Control Division, where I became sort of a hybrid
employee between the laboratory and in the field tracking zoonotic disease agents (for example, rabies,
hantavirus and plague) as a molecular epidemiologist. It was a fantastic experience and provided a strong
foundation for the span of my career. I was one of the original members of the successful Oral Rabies Vaccination
Program in Texas that eliminated wildlife rabies from coyotes and foxes in the 1990s. I also worked with the
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to establish the DSHS Regional Rabies Typing Laboratory as the first state
public health laboratory to provide rabies typing for other states and countries.
It was in the DSHS laboratory that I first became acquainted with a "med tech" and what his educational
background and profession involved.
Medical laboratory science involves diagnostic laboratory testing from A to Z. These professionals do everything
from providing your cancer testing results, to predicting the correct antibiotic to prescribe, to typing the correct
blood for surgery. MLS professionals provide answers to life-and-death decisions every day.
I was fascinated – and disappointed – that I had not learned of this amazing career choice (and major) while I was
in college. In fact, I was right across the street from an MLS program while I was obtaining my microbiology and
virology degree.
This is an important thing to mention because MLS as a college major is often in an Allied Health program or the
College of Health Professions, not in the College of Science where my microbiology courses were.
As MLS program chair, I have had so many students and alumni tell me: "If only I had known about the MLS major
sooner."
In our program, about 40 percent to 50 percent of students who apply to our major already have a BS, or even an
MS or PhD, in another major (such as microbiology, biology or biomedical studies), but they are either unable to
find a job or they find out they can't work in a clinical laboratory without the degree and MLS certification.
Callie Megan Wright, MS, MLS, MB (ASCP)CM is a Texas State
University alumna from 2009. She works at Clinical Pathology
Laboratories in Austin, Texas, where she is responsible for setting
up and evaluating molecular diagnostic tests and quality control.
MLS professionals provide up to 70 percent of patients' laboratory testing to physicians so they can provide an
accurate diagnosis and treatment plan, according to a 2002 study in Clinical Leadership and Management Review
titled "The Value of the Laboratory Professional in the Continuum of Care." In that study, author Rodney Forsman,
Administrative Director Emeritus of the Mayo Clinic Medical Laboratories and President of the Clinical Laboratory
Management Association, stated that 94 percent of the objective medical data in the patient record comes from the
laboratory professionals.
Doctors rely on laboratory test results to make informed patient diagnoses. Patient history along with physical
signs and symptoms are vital, but most diagnoses need confirmation that only laboratory tests can provide. The
laboratory professionals also contribute to wellness testing, guiding treatment, and monitoring patient progress.
The profession is growing "much faster than average," according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, with a 22
percent increase in employment projected from 2012 to 2022 – twice that of all other occupations. At Texas State
University, the job placement rate for students has been 90 percent to 95 percent for the past decade, with most of
the remaining students going to graduate school, according to Dr. Rohde. At the University of Delaware, Dr.
McLane reports a similar scenario, with a job placement rate of 90 percent to 98 percent. They said students
typically receive one or two job offers in their final semester while doing their clinical internships.
This situation is similar in may parts of the US, according to the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
(ASCLS), which states: "Currently there is a shortage in many parts of the US,meaning that graduates can expect
employment and higher salaries."
The salary for laboratory professionals varies according to their level and location. According to the American
Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) 2013 Wage Survey of Clinical Laboratories in the United States, the staff
level MT/MLS/CLS national average is $56,430 per year and $77,113 per year at the supervisory level. Salaries
are higher for those who become lab directors or faculty members. The full ASCP report is here.
According to PayScale.com, which gathers its information from individual user reports: "A Mid-Career
Medical/Clinical Laboratory Technologist earns an average of $22.40 per hour. The skills that increase pay for this
job the most are PCR Analysis and Molecular Biology."
Related resources
People often think their lab tests are done by their doctor, like it's done on House, or Dr. Kildare or Grey's Anatomy.
In fact, you would probably not want your personal physician to do your lab tests because the specialized skills
required are not an integral part of the medical school curriculum.
In a 2008 report in the Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, authors Victoria Khromova and Trevor Gray of Northern
General Hospital in Sheffield, UK, reported that the junior doctors they surveyed were more confident in their
knowledge of when to request tests than in their ability to interpret the results. In fact, 18 percent of them said they
would order a lab test without knowing how to interpret the result. The authors concluded that the elimination of
pathology and laboratory medicine from the curriculum in many medical schools is jeopardizing patient safety.
Ask your physician, nurse, pharmacist or biology graduate about Vitamin C acting as interference in glucose and
triglyceride testing, or causes of false positives in pregnancy testing, or World Health Organization (WHO)
classifications for Hodgkin disease and diagnostic criteria, or ways to test for swine flu (H1N1) and avian flu
(H5N1), or genetic testing modalities for cystic fibrosis, or who is most likely to show antibodies to Kell during a
STAT emergency test for life-saving blood in surgery, or any other critical laboratory test and its interpretation.
These aspects of lab testing are generally not in the body of knowledge of any of these medical professionals, and
yet it is completely in ours.
Formal coursework training in medical laboratory testing comprises a small portion of the curriculum for
physicians, nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and biology graduates. However, for
MLS and MLT students, medical laboratory theory for all 1,000+ available lab tests, sources of interference, and
connections between test results and diagnoses is the main focus of their studies.
My colleague Dr. Mary Ann McLane , Professor in the Medical Laboratory Sciences Department at the University
of Delaware and Past President of the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) , emphasized
the value of their expertise to the patients:
Medical laboratory scientists are on the cutting edge of determining — by evidence-based practice
— the most useful, time-efficient, safest, least costly diagnostic tests to be used for your health
care. They are involved in the research needed to bring the best that science and technology can
offer into the realm of diagnostic reality, all for the benefit of the patients we serve.
Professor Mary Ann McLane, PhD, MLS (ASCP)CM, works with Sarah Greenwood when she was a student in the
Medical Laboratory Sciences Department at the University of Delaware. Greenwood has a BA in Biological
Sciences. (Photo by Kathy Atkinson).
To that end, over 50 MLS professionals from ASCLS volunteer to answer questions daily about lab test results for
both patients and clinicians through Lab Tests Online (labtestsonline.org), which has been has been run by the
American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) since it was launched in 2001.
Through this service, Dr. McLane said, "over 140,000 questions have been answered, saving many lives, relieving
confusion about what such tests may mean, and offering follow-up questions for the next clinician visit."
"Lab Tests Online has given a public face to the practice of laboratory medicine," said Executive Producer George
Linzer, "and with the support of ASCLS' consumer response network, it has begun to give more public recognition
to the valuable work of the laboratory professional."
About 7.25 billion laboratory tests are conducted annually in the US, according to the Centers for Medicare &
Medicaid Services. And yet most in the general public have no understanding about our profession and the critical
services we provide daily.
You can learn more about our profession and its importance for patients on the ASCLS page Promote the
Profession.
For patients, be an advocate for your own health and wellbeing by making sure your laboratory testing is being
conducted by a qualified medical laboratory professional, by asking your health-care team about what your
laboratory results mean and by visiting labtestsonline.org. You might just be surprised at how much you can learn
by understanding your laboratory tests and the professionals who provides that expertise.
Medical laboratory technicians must complete a two-year associate degree with similar courses and clinical
practicum as the BS degree, but with less emphasis on highly complex laboratory techniques.
To work in some states (such as New York, Florida and California) you'll also need to be licensed. The license is
usually obtained after sitting for the ASCP exam. Upon passing, you can then apply for the license. It's very
important to understand the requirements of a particular state you will work in versus where you obtain your
degree. For example, once students in our CLS program at Texas State University finish our degree and pass the
MLS (ASCP) exam, they are able to work in any clinical laboratory in Texas. However, if our students move to
California, there may be restrictions on their scope of work until they satisfy the state's requirements to work in a
clinical laboratory.
Learn more
There are various categorical and specialty certifications from ASCP (and other certification agencies) that will
allow different "routes" to obtaining these credentials. ASCP has a free procedures booklet with information on the
different routes to certification, how to register for certification, and how to maintain certification with continuing
education. For a complete description of all the routes and requirements, visit the ASCP Board of Certification
website.
You can learn about this profession and its importance for patients on the ASCLS page Promote the Profession.
Also, you can do a Web search for your area and "medical laboratory scientist" or "medical technologist" or
contact the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS) . It would also be helpful to
visit with an advisor at a local medical laboratory or college.
Sources: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS) and American Society for
Clinical Pathology (ASCP)