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SPM Additional Mathematics Differentiation Exercise
SPM Additional Mathematics Differentiation Exercise
SPM Additional Mathematics Differentiation Exercise
com
ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 16
DIFFERENTIATION
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CHAPTER 9 : DIFFERENTIATION
ContentS
Concept Map 2
Test Yourself 1 3
Test Yourself 2 5
Test Yourself 3 7
Test Yourself 4 9
SPM Question 10
Assessment 11 – 12
Answer 13
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DIFFERENTIATION TECHNIQUES
yk
dy dy du
dy
dx dx du dx
y ax n y uv
dy dy
dx dx
u
y
v
dy
dx
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dy
1. If y k , where k is a constant, then Maths Tip
dx
To differentiate means
dy dy
2. If y ax n , then to find or f ' ( x)
dx dx
TEST YOURSELF 1
1. y = 10 2. y = x 5
dy dy
= =
dx dx
3. f (x) = -2 x 3 7
4. y = Always change
f ‘(x)= x a fractional
dy function to the
= negative index
dx
before finding
differentiation
1 6. y 4 x 2 x
5. f ( x)
3x 3 dy
f ‘(x)= =
dx
d 2 1 8. y x(3 x 2)
7. 2 x 2 5x
dx x dy
dx
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Example :
Given that y 2 x 2 2 x 2 3 , find dy
dx
.
y 2x 2 2 x 2
3
dy
dx
= 2 x 2 2 2 x x 2 3 4 x
Keep Diff. Keep Diff.
Left right right left
= 4 x 3 4 x 4 x 3 12 x
= 8x 3 8x
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TEST YOURSELF 2
1. y x 1 x 2 x 2 2.
d
3x 2 1 4 x 3 2 x =
dy dx
=
dx
3. Given y x 2 1 3x 4 . Find
dy
when
4. Given a curve f x x 1 2 x 2 x ,
dx find
x= -1. a) f '(x),
b) the value of f ' (2)
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du dv
v u
u dy dx dx
If y , then 2
v dx v
top
Example:
2x 2 5
If f ( x) , find f’(x)
3x 1
bottom
Solution:
keep diff keep diff
bottom top top bottom
f ( x)
bottom 2
3x 14 x 2 x 2 53
3x 12
12 x 2 4 x 6 x 2 15
=
3x 12
6 x 2 4 x 15
=
3x 12
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TEST YOURSELF 3
3x 2 x2 x 2
1. y 2. y
x2 x2 1
dy dy
=
dx dx
1 5x 2 x 1
3. Given f ( x) . Find the value of 4. Given f x , find the value of x
1 x2 x 1
f '(−2). 1
when f '(x) = .
2
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dy dy du dy du
, where f ' (u ) and g ' ( x)
i) Using the chain rule dx du dx du dx
y ax b , nax b (a )
n dy n 1
ii) Using the formula dx
Example :
Solution :
u = 3x – 5, then y 2u 4 y 23 x 5
4
Let
du dy
Therefore, 3 and 8u 3 2x4
Power is reduced by 1
dx du
Hence,
8 3x 5 3
dy 3
dy dy du
dx
dx du dx
243 x 5
3
24 3 x 5
3
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TEST YOURSELF 4
1. y x 2 3x 4
2.
y 3 2x2 3 .
5
dy dy
= =
dx dx
1 4. Given y 3 p 2 and p = 2x – 1.
3. y =
5 x 34 dy
Find in terms of x.
dy dx
=
dx
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SPM QUESTION
3 x 2 2 x 5 with respect to x.
4
Differentiate
[3 marks]
Solution:
p 1 t t 2 . Find
1 dp dp
1.
3
Given and hence, find the values of t when
2 dt dt
[5 marks]
Solution :
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ASSESSMENT ( 30 minutes)
1 dy
1. y 5x 2, find .
x dx
3 dy
2. y 2
, find .
4x dx
d x2 x
3. Find .
dx x 2
y 4 x 33 x 5 ,find
dy
4. If .
dx
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2x 1 dy
5. If y ,find .
3x 2 dx
6.
6
If f ( x) x 3 2 ,find f ' ( x)
dy
7. If y 2 x 3 5 x 2 9 x 8 , find the value of when x 1 .
dx
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ANSWER
1. 0 1. 3x2 1
2. 5x 4 2. 60x 4 6 x 2 2
3. 6x 2 3. 2
7 4. a) 6 x 2 6 x 1
4.
x2 b) 13
1
5. Test Yourself 3
x4
6. 8x 1 3 x 2 12 x
1.
7. 4x
2
5 x 2 2
x3 -x 2 6 x 1
6x 2 2.
8.
x 2
1 2
9. 8
16
10. 1, 4 3.
9
4. x 3 , 1
1.
42 x 3 x 2 3x
3
1. 5
1
x2
2.
60 x 2 x 2 3
4
2.
3
20 2x3
3.
5 x 35 3.
1
4. 24 x 12 x2
2 x 11
2 x 3 11x 63 2 x
6 4.
5.
7
6. 48 5.
3x 22
SPM Question 6.
18 x 2 x 3 2
5
6 x6 x 52 x 5
3
1. 7. 7
1
2. t 2,
3
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ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 17
DIFFERENTIATION
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CHAPTER 9
CONTENTS PAGE
SPM Questions 9
Assessment 10-11
Answers 12
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CHAPTER 9 : Differentiation
y=f(x)
tangent
mT
Gradient
dy
mT m N 1 mN mT
dx
Gradient Normal
1
mN
mT
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Solution: y 2 x 3 3x 2 7 x 5
dy
6x 2 6x 7
dx
At point (-2,5), x=-2
Hence, the gradient at the point (-2,5)
dy
dx
6x 2 6x 7
6(2) 2 6(2) 7
5
TEST YOURSELF(1)
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y=f(x) dy
y mT
dx
tangent
Equation :
y y1 mT x x1
1
mN
P(x,y) mT
Equation :
normal
y y1 m N x x1
x
Example: Example:
Find the equation of the tangent at Find the equation of the normal at
the point (2,7) on the curve the point (2,7) on the curve
y 3x 2 5 y 3x 2 5
Solution: Solution:
y 3x 5
2
y 3x 2 5
dy dy
6x 6x
dx dx
dy dy
when x 2, 6(2) 12 when x 2, 6(2) 12
dx dx
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TEST YOURSELF(2)
1. Find the equation of the tangent at 2. Find the equation of the tangent
the point (1,9) on the curve to the curve y 2 x 1 x 1
y 2 x 5
2
at the point where its x-coordinate
is -1.
3. Find the equation of the normal 4. Find the gradient of the curve
to the curve y 2 x 2 3x 2 at 4
y at the point (-2,-4)
the point where its x-coordinate 2x 3
is 2. and hence determine the equation
of the normal passing through that
point.
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y f (x)
dy First derivative
f '(x) or
dx
d2y
f ″(x) or Second derivative
dx 2
Example
5
Given that f ( x) 3 2 x 2 ,find f”(x) and f”(1)
Solution:
f ( x) 3 2 x
5
4 x
f ( x) 5 3 2 x 2
4
-20x3 - 2x 2 4
3
f " ( x) 20(3 2 x 2 ) 4 4 3 2 x 2 (4 x)(20 x)
20 3 - 2x 2 (3 2 x ) 16 x
3 2 2
20(3 - 2x 2 ) 18 x 3
3 2
60(3 - 2x 2 ) 3 (6x 2 - 1)
f " (1) 60(1)(5)
300
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TEST YOURSELF(3)
1. Given that y 2 x 3 4 x 2 6 x 3 , 2. Given that f ( x) 2 x 2 40 3 x ,
d2y find f ”(x)
find
dx 2
3. Given that f ( x) (4 x 1) 5 , 4. 2
Given that s 3 t 2 1 ,calculate
find f ”(0) d 2s 1
the value of 2
when t=
dt 2
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dy
0
dx
Minimum point
Example :
Find the turning points of the curve y 2 x 3 12 x 2 18 x 3 and determine
whether each of them is a maximum or a minimum point.
Solution:
y 2 x 3 12 x 18 x 3
2
dy
dx
dy
At turning points, 0
dx
6 x 2 24 x 8 0
x 2 4x 3 0
x 1x 3 0
x 1 or x 3
Substitute values of x into y 2 x 3 12 x 2 18 x 3
When x=1 , y 2(1) 3 12(1) 2 8(1) 3 11
When x=3 , y 2(3) 3 12(3) 2 8(1) 3 3
Thus the coordinates of the turning points are and
d2y
12 x 24
dx 2
d2y
When x=1 , dx 2 12(1) 24 12 0 ,
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TEST YOURSELF(4)
1.
Find the coordinates of two turning points on the curve y x x 2 3
2 3
3. y x 2 x 2 5 is an equation of a curve. Find the coordinates of the
3
turning points of the curve and determine whether each of the turning point
is a maximum or minimum point.
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SPM QUESTIONS:
1
Given that h( x) , evaluate h ″(1) [ 4 marks]
3 x 52
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ASSESSMENT:
d2y
If y 2 x 3 , find
4
1.
dx 2
2. Find the gradient of the curve y 3 x 1 x 1 at the point where its
1
x-coordinates is
2
d2y
x 1 y 8
dy
3. Given that y x 2 2 x 7 ,find the value of x if x 2 2
dx dx
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Find the coordinates of the point on the curve y 3 x 5 where the gradient
2
4
of its tangent is 6.
5
5. Find the gradient function of the curve f ( x) .Hence obtain the equation of
3x 2
normal to the curve at the point which x-coordinate is -1.
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ANSWERS
1. 482 x 3
2
27
1.
8
5 175 2. -1
2. a) x , b) y
2 2
3
3. x ,1
5
4. ( 2,1)
15
5. y , 3y=5x +2
3x 22
6. p = 2
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ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 18
DIFFERENTIATION
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CHAPTER 9 : DIFFERENTIATION
Content page
Concept Map 2
SPM Question 10 – 11
Assessment 12 – 14
Answer 15
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APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION
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dy dy dx dy
If y = f (x) and x = g(t), then using the chain rule , where is the
dt dx dt dt
dx
rate of change of y and is the rate of change of x.
dt
h cm
h cm 9 cm
h cm
9 cm
9 cm
The above figure shows a cube of volume Rate of change of the volume of water,
729 cm³. If the water level in the cube, h
cm, is increasing at the rate of 0.8 cm s 1 , dV dV dh
Chain rule
find the rate of increase of the volume of dt dh dt
water. dh =rate of increace of
81 0.8 dt
Solution : the water level
1
V = 9 x 9 x h = 81h = 0.8 cm s
Let each side of the cube be x cm. dV =81
dh
Volume of the cube = 729 cm³
64.8 cm 3 s 1
x³ = 729
Hence, the rate of increase of the volume of
x = 9
water is 64.8 cm³ s 1 .
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TEST YOURSELF 1
1. A spherical air bubble is formed at the base of a pond. When the bubble moves to the
surface of the water, it expands. If the radius of the bubble is expanding at the rate of
0.05 cm s 1 , find the rate at which the volume of the bubble is increasing when its
radius is 2 cm.
Answer :
2. If the radius of a circle is decreasing at the rate of 0.2 cm s 1 , find the rate of decrease
of the area of the circle when its radius is 3 cm.
Answer :
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4 cm
3.
20 cm
h cm
The above figure shows an inverted cone with a height of 20 cm and a base-radius of
4 cm. Water is poured into the cone at the rate of 5 cm³ s 1 but at the same time,
water is dripping out from the cone due to a leakage a the rate of 1 cm³ s 1 .
(a) If the height and volume of the water at time t s are h cm and V cm³
1
respectively, show that V h 3 .
75
(b) Find he rate of increase of the water level in the cone at the moment the water
level is 12 cm.
Answer :
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The height of a cylinder is three times its Approximate change in the total surface
radius. Calculate the approximate area is A
increase in the total surface area of the
cylinder if its radius increases from 7 cm A dA
to 7.05 cm.
r dr A 8 r 2
dA
Solution : A r dA
16r
dr dr
A 2r 2 2rh
2r 2 2r 3r It is given that
h=3r
8r 2
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4
Given that y , calculate the value of
4 5
5 2.03 2
x5 4
dy 2.03 2 16
5
if x = 2. Hence estimate the values of
dx
4 4 x new 2.03
(a ) (b)
2.03 5
1.98 5 4 3 x original 2
32 320
Solution :
0.116525
4
y 5 4 x 5
x
dy 20
20 x 6 6 (b) y new y original y
dx x dy
dy 20 5 y new y original x
When x 2, 6 dx
dx x 16
4 5
5 1.98 2
4
(a) y new y original y
1.98 5
2 16
dy
y original x
dx x new 1.98
4 1
xoriginal 2
32 160
0.13125
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TEST YOURSELF 2
20
1. It is given that y . Find the approximate change in x when y increases from
2 x
40 to 40.5.
5 dy
2. Given that y 3
, find the value of when x = 4. Hence, estimate the value of
x dx
5 5
(a) (b)
4.023 3.993
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3. A cube has side of 6 cm. If each of the side of the cube decreases by 0.1 cm, find the
approximate decrease in the total surface area of the cube.
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SPM QUESTION
Given that y x 2 5 x, use differentiation to find the small change in y when x increases
from 3 to 3.01.
[3 marks]
Solution:
2
Two variables, x and y, are related by the equation y 3 x .
x
Given that y increase at a constant rate of 4 units per second, find the rate of change of x
when x =2.
[3 marks]
Solution :
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1 3
The volume of water , V cm³, in a container is given by V h 8h, where h cm is the
3
height of the water in the container. Water is poured into the container at the rate of
10 cm 3 s -1 . Find the rate of change of the height of water, in cm 3 s -1 , at the instant when its
height is 2 cm.
[3 marks]
Solution :
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ASSESSMENT
4
1. Given v r 3 . Use the differentiation method to find the small change in v
3
when r increases from 3 to 3.01.
Answer :
27 dy
2. Given y 3
. Find the value of when x = 3.
x dx
27
Hence, estimate the value of .
3.03 3
Answer :
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40 cm
Water
Diagram 1
Calculate the rate of change of the radius of the water level at the instant when the
1
radius of the water is 6 cm. (Use π = 3.142; volume of cone r 2 h )
3
Answer :
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4.
V
4x cm
E H
F G
D C
6x cm
A 6x cm B
The above diagram shows a solid which consists of a cuboid with a square base of
side 6x cm, surmounted by a pyramid of height 4x cm. The volume of the cuboid is
5832 cm³.
(a) Show that the total surface area of the solid, A cm², is given by
3888
A 96 x 2 .
x
(b) If the value of x increasing at the rate 0.08 cm s -1 , find the rate of increase of
the total surface area of the solid at the instant x = 4.
Answer :
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ANSWER
dy 15
2.
dA
1.2 2.
dt dx 256
(a) 0.07695
(b) 0.07871
dh 25
3. cms 1
dt 36 3. -7.2 cm²
1
4. cm
72
1. 0.11 1. 0.36π
dx 8 dy
2. units 1 2. 1, 0.97
dt 5 dx
3.
dh
0.8333cms 1
3. 6.631 cm s 1
dt
4. (b) 42 cm 2 s 1
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