LAKSHMI NARAIN

COLLEGE OF
TECHNOLOGY,BHOPAL

MAJOR TRAINIG
REPORT ON:-

INDIAN RAILWAYS
(Signalling and telecommunication dept.)

Submitted
By:-
 Abhishek Saurabh
Branch-
EC
0103EC
071006

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every work started and carried out with systematic approach

turns out to be successful. Any accomplishment requires
the effort of many people and this work is no different. This
project was a struggle that was made much more difficult due to
numerous reasons; some of error correction was beyond our
control. Sometimes we were like rudderless boat without knowing
what to do next. It was then the timely guidance of that has seen
us through all these odds. We would be very grateful to them for
their inspiration, encouragement and guidance in all phases of
the endeavor.
 Section A
Railway’s Profile
ROLE OF SIGNALLING IN RAILWAY OPERATION

1.1 Railway Signalling and Communication Technology,

though evolved primarily for safe working of trains, plays
an important part in increasing line capacity with
minimum investment.With the advent of computers and
extended communication network on the Railways, the
scope of Signalling Technology has widened to
incorporate even automatic operation. The broad areas of
Railway Signalling and Communication Technology are:

1.2 Block Working

Trains are to be adequately spaced apart to prevent
collision between trains running in the same direction and
prevent trains entering on the same track from the
opposite direction.This is achieved by block working
between stations.
1.3 Interlocking
When trains are to be crossed or overtaken at stations,
points and signals are to be worked in proper sequence to
make passage of trains safe and interlocking between
points and signals takes care of this. Interlocking also
safeguards simultaneous movements in
stations.Semaphore signals are
worked by single wire, double wire or electric motors.
Colour light signals are provided for improved visibility,
easier working and maintenance. Points are worked by
rod, double wire, pneumatic/hydraulic or electric power.
Interlocking between point levers and signal levers can
be effected either mechanically by means of tappets or
locking electrically by means of electric lever locks or
relays. With Route Relay Interlocking, a complete route
can be set by one operation and suitably safeguarded
against conflicting moves.
1.4 Train detection
Track circuits can detect the presence of a train on a
portion of track or axle counters and this information is
used for controlling the signal, which in turn controls the
train movements.
1.5 Automatic Warning System
As an aid to the driver to know the condition of the signal
and to prevent accidents when the driver ignores the
aspect of a stop signal, Automatic Warning System is
employed. If the driver, due to any reason, does not act
upon a signal, the train is brought to stop by automatic
brake application.
In addition to warning and stopping, as explained above,
the speed of the train is continuously monitored and
checked with the information as to the permitted speed,
and if the actual speed is different from the permitted
speed, corrective action is enforced.
1.6 Centralised Traffic Control and Remote Control
Economy is achieved and efficiency is increased by
centralising operation of points and signals over a large
area or a stretch of line. Remote stations are controlled
from a central location over a pair of lines using coded
techniques. Such centralised operation also leads to
increased line capacity.
1.7 Train Describer
The designation and number of trains in a section or line
can be displayed to the central control office so that the
controller is aware of the position and designation of each
train over the section monitored by him. The description
is advanced from section to section as the train proceeds.
Such train describers are normally used with centralised
traffic control, remote control as well as in suburban
sections.