Name : Disya Rusmadinanti

NIM : A73219052 Sastra inggris B

“15 placenames in Britain”

1.) London

 Period : The name London was taken around 121 AD as Londinium given by the
British authorities.

 Etymology : Peter Schrijver, who suggested that the sense of the proto-Indo-European
root *lendh- ('sink, cause to sink'), which gave rise to the Celtic noun *londos ('a
subduing'), survived in Celtic. Combined with the Celtic suffix *-injo- (used to form
singular nouns from collective ones), this could explain a Celtic form
*londinjon 'place that floods (periodically, tidally

 Element : the origin of the name London is that it came from the Roman name of the
town Londinium.

2.) Birmingham

 Period : Birmingham as the settlement of era Anglo-Saxon. founded in the 6th or

early 7th century

 Etymology : The name of the city comes from old English Beormingahām, which
means the settlements house of Birmingham

 Element: whose name probably is a shortening of Beornmund. The Birmingham in

Alabama, U.S., was founded 1871 as an industrial center and named for the English
city.

3.) Brighton

 Period : Brighton came into common use in the early 19th century

 Etymology : the name of Brighton lies in the Old English Beorhthelmes

tūn(Beorhthelm's farmstead).

 Element : Brighton's earliest name was Bristelmestune, recorded in the Domesday

Book.

4.) Canterburry
  Period : In the 1st century AD, the Romans captured the settlement and named
it Durovernum Cantiacorum.

 Etymology : Canterbury was first recorded as the main settlement of the Celtic
tribe of the Cantiaci, which inhabited most of modern-day Kent

 Element:The Roman settlement of Durovernum

Cantiacorum ("Kentish Durovernum") Canterbury occupied the location of an
earlier Britishtown whose ancient British name.

5.) Leicester

 Periods : The name of Leicester is recorded in the 9th-century

 Etymology : Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as Ligora-ceastre.

 Element : The first element of the name, Ligora or Legora, is explained as

a Brittonicriver name,
6.) Liverpool

 Period : it first recorded around 1190 as Liuerpul

 Etymology : The name comes from the Old English liver

 Element : The meaning of Liuerpul is a pool or creek with muddy water, though other
origins of the name have been suggested

7.) Lancaster

 Period : it was founded in 1086, Loncastre, literally "Roman Fort on the

River Lune,"

 Etymology : Lancaster in northwestern England,named in Old English as Roman fort

on the lune

 Element. : Lancaster itself derived from the name of the River Lune (Lune is
a Brythonic word meaning 'pure'), and the OE suffix 'ceaster', denoting a Roman
town.

8) Cambridge

 Period : city in eastern England, Old English Grontabricc (c. 745)

  Etymology : "Bridge on the River Granta" (a Celtic river name, of obscure origin).
The change to Cante-and later Cam- was due to Norman influence.

 Element : The river name Cam is a back-formation in this case, but Camalso was a
legitimate Celtic river name, meaning "crooked."

9) York

 Period : city dates to the beginning of the first millennium AD

 Etymology : As York was a town in Roman times, its Celticname is recorded in

Roman sources

 Element : an ancient Celtic name, probably meaning "Yew-Tree Estate,"

but Eburosmay also be a personal name. Related: Yorkist; Yorkish; Yorker. Yorkshire
pudding is recorded from 1747; Yorkshire terrier first attested 1872; short
form Yorkie is from 1950.

10) Briston

 Periods : City in western England, Middle English Bridgestow,

 Etymology : from Old English Brycgstow, literally "assembly place by a bridge"

(see bridge (n.) + stow). A local peculiarity of pronunciation adds -l to words ending
in vowels.

 Element : Of a type of pottery, 1776; of a type of glass, 1880. In British slang,

"breast," 1961, from Bristol cities, rhyming slang for titties.

11) Derby

 Period : the name was used for any major horse race after 1875. Hence Derby
day (generally the Wednesday before Whitsuntide)

 Etymology : town and county in England, Old English Deorby

 Element : deor "deer" (see deer) + by "habitation, homestead," from a Scandinavian

source

12) Convetry

 Period : founded a nunnery (or convent) in AD 70.

 Etymology : who was a nun in the Anglo Saxon era

  Element : originated from the word Coventre. The word Coventre is derived from the
two words ‘Covent’, which stands in for Convent, and ‘tre’, which stands for
settlement.

13) East Anglia

 Period : It was formed around 520 by merging the North and South Folk,

 Etymology : it was one of the seven Anglo-Saxonheptarchy kingdoms as defined in

the 12th century writings of Henry of Huntingdon

 Element : An Attempt to Record the Vulgar Tongue of the Twin Sister Counties,
Norfolk and Suffolk,

14) Durham

 Period : Durham was founded in 1810

 Etymology : named from Old English dun ‘hill’ (see Down 1) + Old Norse holmr
‘island’.

 Element: habitational name from Durham, a city in northeastern England

15 ) Gloucester

 Period : Gloucester was founded in AD 97 by the Romans under Emperor

Nerva as Colonia Glevum Nervensis, and was granted its first charter in 1155 by King
Henry II. Gloucester was captured by the Saxons in 577

 Etymology : The name Gloucester derives from the Anglo-Saxon for fort (Old
English ceaster) preceded by Celtic name, which derived from the Roman stem Glev-
(pronounced glaiw)

 Element : Celtic name which derived from the roman