MagneGas

Recycling Liquid Wastes and Crude Oil into

MagneGas™ and MagneHydrogen™
Santilli's New Clean Fuels With Magnecular Structure
[For a generic description click here, for scientific works click here,
and for a PowerPoint® presentation click here]

MagneGas™ and MagneHydrogen™ are brand names of new fuels whose Trademarks are owned by Hadronic
Press, Inc., 35246 US 19 No. # 215, Palm Harbor, FL 34684, U.S.A.
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HOME ::: TECHNOLOGY ::: PATENT INFO ::: PART 1 ::: PART 2 ::: PART 3 ::: PART 4 ::: PART 5

PROFITABILITY OF
PLASMA-ARC-FLOW™ TOTAL RECYCLERS
PROFITABILITY OF MAGNEGAS™ FUEL PRODUCTION FROM
RENEWABLE LIQUID WASTE RESOURCES FOR DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY, HOME HEATING, AND OTHER
FUEL USES

Patented and International Patents Pending

Uploaded on September 3, 2003

USMagneFuels, Inc.
35246 US 19 North # 215, Palm Harbor, FL 34684, U.S.A.
Tel. 727-934 9593, Fax 727-934 9275, E-mail: info@magnefuels.com

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A view of the Total PlasmaArcFlow Recycler USMF-TR-II-150-5 with 150 Kwh

operating up to 150 psi and up to 400 degrees F.

OBJECTIVES:
1) Show the profitability of a "pilot plant" with a 150 Kwh PlasmaArcFlow Recycler to establish
profitability even with one single recycler;

2) Show the cost-competitive production of 240,000 standard cubic feet (scf) of magnegas fuel per
week corresponding to about 1,000,000 scf/month, namely to about 1,000 Therms (1 Therm = 1M
BTU).

3) Illustrate the use of the technology for the distributed generation of electricity by using available
electric power at night when power plants essentially operate idle, and then the generation of
electricity locally during daily peak demands without the current waste in sending electricity over long
distances.

4) Show the profitability in separating MagneGas (MG) fuel into its constituents MagneHydrogen™
(MH) fuel and MagneCarbonMonoxide™ (MCO) fuel;

5) Show the profitability and efficiency in a full "industrial plant" having at least three 300 Kwh
PlasmaArcFlow Recyclers for the production of magnegas fuel at the rate of 1.500,000 scf/week =
6,000,000 scf/month or of MagneHydrogen fuel at the rate of 2,000,000 scf/month and MCO at the
rate of 4,000,000 scf/month.

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COMPETITION
Natural Gas (NG) that sells at about $0.01/scf with variations from state to state.

IMPORTANT NOTE:
As it is well known, fossil fuels are currently produced in extremely large volumes. Therefore, any
serious comparison of MagneFuels with fossil fuels should be based on larger production comprising
at least one "industrial" plant with at least "three" PlasmaArcFlow Recycler of 300 Kwh each
producing a total of 6M cf/month of clean American fuels.

PROFITABILITY OF THE "PILOT PLANT" WITH

ONE 150 Kwh RECYCLER

*******************************

MAIN DATA ON ONE TOTAL PLASMA-ARC-FLOW RECYCLER

WITH 150 KWH.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF MODEL USMF-II-TR-150-5

Power: 150 Kwh via three Millers Dimension 1000 of 50 Kwh each or equivalent;
Electrodes: Coal-base, 5 inches (12 cm) diameter (8 inches = 20 cm diameter optional);
Tower capacity: 80 gallons (300 Liters) with automatic refill from outside tanks;
Operating pressure: up to 150 psi (10 bars);
Operating temperature: about 300 degrees F (about 180 degrees C).

MAIN PRODUCTION DATA

Data based on a 7 days week cycle at 24 hours/day
processing water-base waste with 50% water content
Magnegas production: 2,000 scf/h = 48,000 scf/day = 336,000 scf/week
Waste recycling: 50 g/h = 1,200/day = 8,400 g/week;
Heat produced: 250 BTU/scf of MG produced = 500,000 BTU/h = 12 M BTU/day = 84M BTU/week
Carbonaceous precipitates: about 6 pounds (3 Kg) per day;

PROJECTED GROSS OPERATING COSTS

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Data based on a 7 days week cycle at 24 hours/day

with three technicians for the 24 hour cycle
Electricity: $9.00/h = $216/day = $1,500/week @ $0.06/Kwh as night-day average;
Electrodes: $500/week;
Filters: $500/week;
Operators: 3,000/week;
Purchase price: insignificant when considering the cost of a cubic foot or liter of magnegas based
upon a 10 years amortization of the equipment.
_____________________________________
PROJECTED GROSS WEEKLY EXPENSES: $4,500/week.

PROJECTED GROSS INCOMES FROM WASTE AND HEAT:

Income from waste: $ 1,300/week @ $0.16/g;
Income from heat: $300/week @ 50% heat loss and $10/Therm (1 Therm = 1M BTU = 1,000 scf of
natural gas) under 50% loss due to dissipation;
____________________________________
TOTAL PROJECTED IUNCOME FROM LIQUID WASTE AND HEAT: $1,600/week;
ADJUSTED PROJECTED GROSS OPERATING COST: $2,900/week.

PROJECTED GROSS COST OF MAGNEGAS: $0.009/scf (= $2,900/336,000 scf).

Note: The same technicians can supervise three recyclers, in which case the adjusted operating costs
would be $900/week and the adjusted cost of magnegas is $0.003/scf, thus illustrating the need for
large volume production for any serious comparison of MagneFuels and Fossil Fuels.

PROJECTED GROSS INCOME FROM THE SALE OF MH AND MCO:

Income from Sale of MH: $15,000/week for 100,000 scf of MH (= 30% of 336,000 scf of MG) @
$0.15/scf of MH;
Income from sale of MCO: $4,700/week for 235,000 scf MCO @ $0.02/scf;
____________________________________________________________
TOTAL PROJECTED GROSS NCOME: $19,700/week = $50K/month = $600K/year

TOTAL PROJECTED GROSS PROFITS: $16,8,000/week (= 19,700/w - $2,900/W).

IMPORTANT NOTE:
The production of MG is established, and the separation of MG into MH and MCO has been proven in
laboratory tests, but the industrial separation station is still at an experimental stage.

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MAIN DATA FOR THREE 300 KWH TOTAL

RECYCLERS

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF MODEL USMF-II-TR-300-10

Power: 300 Kwh via 6 Millers Dimension 1000 of 50 Kwh each or equivalent;
Electrodes: Coal-base, 10 inches (25 cm) diameter;
Tower capacity: 100 gallons with automatic refill from outside tanks;
Operating pressure: up to 300 psi (10 bars);
Operating temperature: about 500 degrees F (about 250 degrees C).

MAIN PRODUCTION DATA FOR THE THREE 300 KWH RECYCLERS

Data based on a 7 days week cycle at 24 hours/day
processing water-base waste with 50% water content
Magnegas production: 12,000 scf/h = 288,000 scf/day = 2M scf/week
Waste recycling:200 g/h = 4,800/day = 33,000 g/week;
Heat produced: 250 BTU/scf of MG produced = 1M BTU/h = 24 M BTU/day = 1,600 M BTU/week
Carbonaceous precipitates: about 30 pounds per day;

PROJECTED GROSS OPERATING COSTS FOR THJREE RECYCLERS

Data based on a 7 days week cycle at 24 hours/day
with three technicians for the 24 hour cycle
Electricity: $54.00/h = $1,300/day = $9,000/week @ $0.06/Kwh as night-day average;
Electrodes: $1,500/week;
Filters: $1,500/week;
Operators: 3,000/week;
Purchase price: insignificant when considering the cost of a cubic foot or liter of magnegas based
upon a 10 years amortization of the equipment.
_____________________________________
PROJECTED GROSS WEEKLY EXPENSES: $12,000/week.

PROJECTED GROSS INCOMES FROM WASTE AND HEAT:

Income from waste: $ 5,300/week @ $0.16/g;
Income from heat: $2,400/week @ 50% heat loss and $10/Therm (1 Therm = 1M BTU = 1,000 scf of
natural gas) under 50% loss due to dissipation;
____________________________________
TOTAL PROJECTED IUNCOME FROM LIQUID WASTE AND HEAT: $7,700/week;

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ADJUSTED PROJECTED GROSS OPERATING COST: $4,300/week.

PROJECTED GROSS COST OF MAGNEGAS: $0.002/scf (= $4,300/2M scf).

PROJECTED GROSS PROFIT: $16,000/w = $64,000/m = $768,000/y, based on the sale ofd
magnegas @ $0.01/scf.

*********************************

PROFITABILITY OF
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
WITH 1MW MAGNEGAS ELECTRIC PLANT:

BASIC FACTS
The current large scale production of electricity is quite wasteful indeed, because electric power plants
cannot slow-down at night, thus implying a first waste of energy of the order of 40%.
,p> Moreover, electricity is sent over long distances on high voltage lines having an evident electric
resistance. This causes a second large waste of electric energy that can be as high as 50% of the
residual 60%, thus implying the actual use by consumers of only a fraction of the original energy used
at the plant.

Moreover, black-outs cannot be eliminated in such a grid because power plants must have mechanisms
of self-protection in the event of major surge of demands. Finally, the propagation of electricity over
very long distances is evidently vulnerable to terrorist attacks.

The Magnegas Technology is the ONLY technology available NOW for a resolution of the above
problems via the completely automatic "MAGNEGAS ELECTRIC PLANT" consisting of

1) PlasmaArcFlow Total Recyclers operating at night, thus converting electric energy into into
magnegas fuel and heat while recycling liquid wastes;

2) Magnegas Pressure Tank storing at pressure all magnegas produced by the Recyclers without
compressor (thus requiring the Total rather than the Linear Recyclers);

3) Magnegas Electric Generator connected to said pressure tank with automatic start-up depending
on demand.

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The main features of the Magnegas Distributed Generation of Electricity are: A) Alleviating the
current large waste of electric energy at night; B) Eliminating the additional energy waste due to
transmissions over long distances because Magnegas Electric Plants can be located wherever they are
needed; C) consequential reduction of risks due to terrorist attacks; D) Automatic activation of the
Magnegas Electric Plant on demand, that is, on a principle opposite to that causing black-outs and E)
High profitability when completely automated, as illustrated below with a small 150 Kwh Pilot Plant.

PROJECTED GROSS COST OF MAGNEGAS: $0.002/scf (= $4,300/2M scf)

derived from preceding data

PROJECTED DIRECT COST OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY:

Based on conventional electric generators built for natural gas with 40% efficiency
and the use of magnegas with 800 BTU/scf.
Electricity produced: 40% of 1,600M BTU/week = 647M BTU/week = 187 MW = 187,000
Kwh/week (2M scf x 800 BTU/scf = 1,600M BTU);
Gross income from sale of electricity: $15,000 (= 187,000 Kwg @ $0,08/Kwh);
Less cost of magnegas: $4,000;

PROJECTED GROSS INCOME: $9,000/w = $36,000/m = $432,000/year

*********************************

CONVERSIONS FROM BRITISH TO METRIC AND OTHER UNITS.

Conversion from liquid to gas: In the transition of state from liquid to gas for perfect gases one unit
volume of liquid state is turned into 1,800 same unit volume of gas state. For magnegas• this
conversion rate is smaller than the above ideal value due to the magnecular anomalies, and varies from
liquid to liquid. A conservative conversion rate used above is that one unit of liquid volume is turned
into 1,000 same units of gas volume. Vice-versa, the production of 1,000 scf of magnegas• implies the
elimination of 1 scf of the liquid feedstock.
Conversion from cubic feet to gallons: 1 scf = 7.45 g;
Conversion from U. S. gallons to liters: 1 g = 3.78 L
Conversion from cubic feet to liters: 1 scf = 28.16 L.
Conversion from BTU to W: 1 W = 3.412 BTU.

********************************

SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TOTAL RECYCLER

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MODEL USMF-TR-II-150-5.

Figure 1: A picture of Santilli Total Oil Recycler of Second Level Model TR-II-150-5 for the
processing of oil-base liquid feedstocks (such as automotive, cooking or industrial oil wastes or crude
oil) into the clean-burning magnegas (whose 50% content is composed of the new species of
MagneHydrogen), heat utilized via a heat exchanger and solid precipitates used for the electrode
production. The stations for the purification of MagneGas, heat enhancement and other functions have
been removed for security reasons.

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Figure 2: A 3D view of the Total Recycler of Figure 1 showing, on one side, of the Recycler the steam
powered turbine for the partial or complete self-generation of the DC electricity needed by the arc,
and, on the other side, a conventional generator for the production of AC electricity needed by the AC-
DC power units to initiate operations. When the recycler has reached steam producing temperature
due to the internal combustion of oil, electricity can be continued to be produced by burning in the AC
generator magnegas or its magnehydrogen content. In this case the electricity is released to the grid
or used for other purposes. Under suitable heat enhancement and the achievement of full self-
generation of DC electricity needed by the arc, the Recycler becomes a basically new plant for the
clean production of electricity by processing the energy contained in oil with the electric arc (rather
than ordinary furnaces). Such a plant is environmentally clean because the Recycler releases no
substance into the environment, the combustion exhaust of MagneGas or of its MagneHydrogen
content is equally clean, and the solid precipitates are used for the production of electrodes. In the
event AC electricity is not needed, Level II Recyclers produces MagneGas or its MagneHydrogen

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content at a competitive cost with respect to existing fuels, of course, when productions are sufficiently
high. Maximal competitivity and profitability are given by the sale of the MagneHydrogen content of
MagneGas due to current high costs of hydrogen and better features of MagneHydrogen (see the
separate Financial Forecasts).

POWER

Standard power is provided by three AC-DC converters/welders manufactured by MILLER

CORPORATION, Model DIMENSION 1000, which have 50 kW each, are connected in parallel, and
deliver a total of 3,000 A at about 42 V for a stable arc. Welder-type power units are requested to
withstand the initiation of the submerged electric arc which can only occur via a short in the
electrodes. The Miller welders are also available for European and other specifications.

Specially designed power units with 150 kW can also be used, although their cost is generally five
times or more the cost of three Millers Dimension 1,000, and their construction in the U.S.A. generally
requires 5 months, vs the 2 months needed for the production of the Recycler, with consequential
dramatic delay in delivery.

It should be noted that the reycle TR-II-150-5 can be also equippeds with 200 Kwh power unit and can
be used foir short periods of time with power up to 250 Kwh.

ELECTRODES

Standard electrodes have the outside dimension of 5" and a usable length of 3". The Recycler can also
accommodate electrodes with 8" outside diameter when longer operations are desired, or 3" outside
diameter when a bigger incandescence of the electrode tips is requested by the test at hand. All
electrodes can be supplied with a total maximal usable length of 15" permitting continuous operations
for 24 hours a day and one full week of operations prior to electrode replacement when processing oil-
base liquids, with bigger consumption when processing water-base liquids. However, minimal length
of 3" is suggested to prevent un-necessary power losses due to the high resistance of carbon rods.

The electrodes are evidently placed in the interior of the Main Reactor Tower via copper holders
ending in copper rods protruding outside in the top lid as described below. The negatively charged
anode is stationary, while the positively charged cathode can move toward the anode via automatic
controls for the initiation, stabilization and optimization of the arc.

Electrodes are produced from powdery coal, tar and a bonding agent (rather than graphite) because the
more fossil content there is in the electrodes the bigger is the energy content of MagneGas. Therefore,
the MagneGas Technology constitutes a new method for the gasification of coal into a clean burning
fuel.

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It should be noted that electrodes are consumed only when processing water-base liquids, because
their consumption when processing oil-base liquids is minimal due to the fact that oils are very rich in
carbon. As a matter of fact, one of the needs for the Level II Technology is to prevent the increase of
the electrodes via the formation of fullerine-type growth caused by excesses of highly polarized carbon
atoms in the vicinity of the electric arc.

MAIN REACTOR TOWER

The Main Reactor Tower has the dimension of 24" in outside diameter and 50" in height and it is
enclosed by a bottom and top lid all in heavy gauges. The tower has been designed to ASME specs and
fabricated to withstand pressures up to 300 psi, although the maximal use of 150 psi at 400 degrees F
is recommended. All welds of the Main Towers have been tested at fabrication via X rays and other
means. The top and bottom lids have been heat treated to release all stresses following welds. The
Main Tower has then been assembled and hydrostatically tested to 280 psi. The top and lower lid have
two extra (currently unused) ports for possible additional sensors or test needs.

The electrodes are housed into 2" thick copper holders with means for quick electrode replacement.
The holders are, in turn, connected to two 1-1/2" diameter copper rods which protrude in the outside of
the top lid. The lifting of the top lid therefore implies the removal of the entire electrode assemblies for
rapid and easy servicing. The bottom lid of the Main Reactor Tower is equipped with a large 2" central
drain for the periodic removal of carbonaceous precipitates which are re-used for the production of
electrodes.

Each electrode copper rod is equipped with two sets of bushings, one in the interior and one in the
exterior of the Main Tower, each bushing being equipped with a total of 18 seals to ensure pressure
operations and long life. Said bushings are made of 100% virgin glass filled teflon. All four bushings
are mounted on flanges built to gun bored alignment specs to assure concentricity of the electrodes and
the smooth travel of the cathode copper rod through the seals.

The movable cathode copper rod is driven by a 1" diameter precision linear ball-screw actuator,
oversised for stability, and mounted both ends on an insulating block.The ball-screw is driven by a
variable speed electric motor assembly yielding a reduction of 200:1. This assembly also includes an
electronic disc clutch/brake to assure the location of the cathode for maximal stability of the arc. The
DC current is delivered to the copper electrode rods via quickly removable 1/2" thick copper buss
plates. All other electrical and electronic connections use plugs for quick removal and speedy
servicing.

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Figure 3: A view of the Main Reactor Tower with the Level Tower on one side and the Baffle Tower on
the other.

COOLING SYSTEM The Main Reactor Tower is internally equipped with a 3/4" diameter copper
tubing system with the dual function: first insulate the liquid feedstock via a compressed coil (as
shown in the figure below) plus an inner system of vertical tubing which have the purpose of
absorbing the heat from the liquid feedstock. The cooling system can be manufactured with high flow
in the collapsed coil to maximize insulation via minimal heat absorption, and low flow in the vertical
pipes to maximize heat absorption.

The internal copper tubing is filled up with antifreeze and connected to an outside heat exchanger

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suitable for the production of steam at about 400 degrees F. An optional Heat Enhancer Station
capable of bring the steam up to supercritical temperature is not included in these specs.

In a number of applications, the heat exchanger is connected to other means for heat utilization, such
as radiators with fans or other means to heat up buildings. The specification of the desired utilization
of heat is needed to finalize any order of this class of recyclers.

Figure 4: A view of the component of the heat exchanger placed in the interior of the Main Reactor
Tower of Figure 3. The heat produced by the processing of oil is transferred to an external heat
exchanger and enhanced via special stations to produce steam at supercritical temperature and
pressure suitable to power a DC generating turbine.

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TANKS AND PUMPS

The reactor is equipped with two tanks, the Liquid Feedstock Tank and the Additive Tank. The Liquid
Feedstock Tank is connected to the Main Reactor Tower via a 1 HP pump used for the first filling-up
of the Main Reactor Tower with the liquid feedstock, as well as for the automatic refill of said tower
following consumption of the liquid feedstock.

A second pump has 5 HP, is a centrifugal hot oil pump, and is used for continuously pumping the liqid
feedstock, the additive and other substances through the electric arc (Santilli PlasmaArcFlow of Level
I) up to 70 g/min. A patent novelty of Level II over Level I is that the flow of the liquid feedstock
(which is essential in Level I) is not necessary for Level II due to the flow of the additive and other
substances here not disclosed for security reasons.

The Additive Tank is connected to the PlasmaArcFlow pump via a third turbine pump with 3/4 HP.All
pumps and the piping system are equipped with various ball valves for flow control. The Main Control
Panel sense all flows via suitable gauges. All operations are halted in the event of lack of flow in the
PlasmaArcFlow Pump and/or in the Additive Pump, and/or in the Refill Pump when needed.

LEVEL TOWER

The Main Reactor Power is connected via two ports to a Level Tower for the monitoring of the level
of the liquid feedstock inside the reactor via three means: a visual mean directly in the Level Tower; a
visual mean in the Remote Control Panel consisting of a tube with three disks of different colors
(indicating minimal, normal and maximal levels), and an electronic control on the Remote Control
Power.

BAFFLE TOWER

When produced by the submerged electric arc, MagneGas bubbles to the surface of the liquid
feedstock and is then first released into the Baffle Tower, which consists of a cylinder of 6" thickness
and 6' height with a removable internal system of alternating baffles for the removal of the liquid
feedstock carried along by MagneGas after bubbling through the liquid itself.

MAGNEGAS STORAGE TANKS

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After passing through the Baffle Tower, MagneGas is released into a system of four ASME pressure
rated Storage Tanks of 120 g capacity each (only one tank is shown in Figure 1) which have also the
function of cooling down magnegas, thus permitting an additional separation of the residual liquid
feedstock from MagneGas. Each tank is equipped with a drain. The liquid released by the tanks is
returned to the Feedstock Storage Tank for reprocessing by the Recycler.

FILTER STATION

After leaving the Storage Tanks, MagneGas is passed through a Filter Station consisting of ASME
pressure rated metal container with 8 internal removable cartridges which are rated for the removal of
water and oil components.

AFTER COOLERS

After leaving the Filter Station, MagneGas is passed through two After Coolers for the removal of
residual water vapors. These after cooler essentially cool down MagneGas to 5 degrees F above
ambient temperature. The After Coolers are equipped with three automatic condensate drains
connected in parallel. All water released by these drains is periodically removed and placed in the
Additive Tank for reprocessing.

BACK-PRESSURE REGULATOR

After leaving the After Coolers, the release of Magnegas is controlled by a Back-Pressure Regulator
placed at the end of the MagneGas line which sets the desired operating pressure at the desired value
between quasi-atmospheric to a maximum of 150 psi (about 15 atm).In this way the Recycler can
directly fill-up low pressure tanks which usually require 120 psi. Bigger pressures require the use of a
standard natural gas compressor. Future Recyclers are expected to eliminate the latter because they
will be designed to operate at high pressures of the order of 5,000 psi. In this case, high pressure tanks,
as needed for automotive and other usages, can be directly filled up by the Recycler.

RUPTURE DISK AND COLLECTION TANK

The reactor is equipped with various safety means in the events of excessive internal pressure beyond
that pre-set by the Back-Pressure Regulator. First, the Remote Control Panel shuts-down automatically

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the entire Recycler in the event pressure sensors indicate pressure above said pre-set value. Second, in
the event of failure of this automatic shut-off, the Main Reactor Tower is equipped with a pressure
overload relief valve. Third, in the event that both preceding automatic means fail, the reactor is
equipped with a rupture disk which breaks at a pre-set value above that of the Back-Pressure
Regulator. This rupture disk is then connected to a separate collection tank of the same size as that of
the Main Reactor Power (not shown in Figures 1 and 2) for the collection of all possible liquid
released by the discharge, so that no spill of any type occurs in the environment in the event of
malfunctions.

SENSORS AND GAUGES

The Recycler is equipped with a considerable variety of sensors and gauges all outputted into the
Remote Control Unit with digital displays 3/4" in eight for easy reading. They include:

1) Five pressure gauges as follows: one 6" diameter pressure dial for long distance visual display
placed on the MagneGas Collection Tanks; one proportional pressure sensor located in the MagneGas
line to output in the Remote Control Panel as part of the flow meter assembly; one pressure sensor
activating the pressure overload relief valve; one visual and digital pressure gauge for automatic
shutoff; and one differential pressure gauge placed in the copper rod bushings to sense any possible
leak of Magnegas through the interior seals yet still retained by the exterior seals of the copper rods.

2) Wattmeter for the measurement of the power absorbed by the recycler, both per individual durations
of the tests and for cumulative values. The measure of the electric power used by the Recycler is the
first and basic value needed for the v erification of the "commercial efficiency" indicated earlier.

3) High sensitivity precision turbine flowmeter with RF-type pick-up and linear output at low and high
MagneGas flow. The flow is shown both visual on the Recycler, as well as with digital display in the
Remote Control Panel. Each flowmeter has to be independently calibrated for MagneGas at different
operating pressures due to the anomalies of MagneGas composition. The knowledge of the scf of
MagneGas produced per hour is the second basic value needed to compute the "commercial
efficiency" of the recycler, since the energy content of MagneGas produced from oil is preliminarily
known from separate tests and be of the order of 1,000 BTU/scf. It should be noted that such a value
depends on the desired purity of MagneGas (that is, absence of hydrocarbons). Therefore, a separate
measurement of the energy content of MagneGas produced form oil is recommended for accuracy.

4) The Recycler is equipped with various visual and digital temperature gauges, such as: for the
measurements of the temperature of the interior liquid feedstock with output to the Remote Control
Panel and automatic shut-off in the event of temperatures over 400 degrees F to protect seals; the
temperature of the liquid feedstock in the PlasmaArcFlow conduit; the MagneGas temperature at the
exit of the Baffle Tower; temperature in the heat exchanger; and others. Since the volumes and

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weights of liquid feedstock and that of the metal in the Main Reactor Tower are known, differential
tests from one temperature to another permit a rather accurate measurement of the heat produced, thus
completing the data needed for the measure of the "commercial efficiency" of the Recycler.

5) Various visual and electronic voltage meters, including: a main voltage meter at the arc output into
the Remote Control Tower with back-up for automatic control of the arc; one per each of the three
Miller Power Units, and others. 6) Various ammeters, including: a main visual and electronic ammeter
with output into the Remote Control Tower; individual ammeters in each of the three Miller Power
Units; and others.

CATCH PANS AND LEXAN ENCLOSURE

The Catch Pans extent vertically upward with double U-shaped metal guides for the housing of a series
of 1/4" thick lexan panel 4' wide and 8' high which completely enclose the recycler as an extra safety
for the operator, as well as engineering beauty (see Figure 2). Each lexan panel can be easily removed
to access the reactor by simply lifting it through said guides.

The lexan enclosure is finally equipped with an all around tension wire for the shut-off of all power in
the event of emergency needs while being near the Recycler.

REMOTE CONTROL PANELS

The Remote Controls automatically activate and controls all pumps, refill the liquid feedstock when
low, gauge the additive for a pre-selected MagneGas quality, initiate and optimize the electric arc,
control all functions and automatically shut-down all systems in case of any malfunction. The manual
control of the arc is available by switching off the automatic controls.

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Figures 4 and 5: Two views of the Remote Control Panel.

The Remote Controls include one NEMA 12 box 24" x 24" x 12" with incorporated 4 digital process
controllers. All data are visible in the outside via numerical readout 3/4" height for long distance
visibility. The controllers are used to display all system parameters and to control operations manually
or automatically. All functions are powered by 3 phase 480 V (or European and other equivalent on
request) with main disconnect and key operated lock for security.

The Remote Controls also include a second panel (not shown in the figures below) housing the main
PLC with a 10" color touch screen which provides a second interface with the operator (besides that of
the preceding panel) by displaying all data on the touch screen itself, including a visual display of:
power absorption; MagneGas flow; liquid temperature; total amperage; pressure; electrodes
consumption; etc. This Control Panel has an optional capability to communicate at a distance via a
standard desktop PC with RS 232 connections.

The Remote Control Panels are finally equipped with a modam connection to permit remote access for
diagnostics as well as for remote monitoring of the operations anywhere in the world.

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