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FILTER-02
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Table . List of Nomenclature

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION UNITS
ρ Density kg/m3
V Volume m3
m Mass Flow Rate kg/day
VT Design Volume m3
D Diameter at Discharge m
ρb Bulk Density kg/m3
ms Mass of Solids/Mass of Slurry kg/kg
cs Mass of dry cake/Mass of filtrate kg/kg
r1 Dry cake weight kg/m2-cycle
θd Dry time min
CT Cycle time min/rev
D Filter Diameter m
L Filter Length m
VT Gas Flow rate m /(m2 cycle)
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Table . Specification Sheet for Filter 1

ROTARY VACUUM FILTER SPECIFICATION SHEET
Equipmnt Tag Number F-01
Type Rotary Vacuum Filter
Units required 1
Operating Temperature 45 oC
Operating Pressure 1 atm
Filtration Rate 388.49 kg/hr-m2
Diameter 3.45
Dimensions
Length 5.17
Drum Speed 0.72 rpm
Filtration Area 9.34 m2
Filter Cloth Polyester
Method of Discharge Scraper
Wash Water Distribution Spray Bars

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OPERATING
EQUIPMENT NAME Crystal Filter Unit 2 20°C
TEMPERATURE
OPERATING
EQUIPMENT CODE F-02 1 atm
TEMPERATURE
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
To separate the crystals from the mother liquor

Mass Molar Mass Molar

35 Flow Rate Flow Rate 36 Flow Rate Flow Rate
(kg/day) (kmol/day) (kg/day) (kmol/day)
MgSO4 544.868 4.527 MgSO4 27.243 0.226
CaSO4(l) 3.560 0.026 CaSO4(l) 0.178 0.001
H2O 891.270 49.474 H2O 44.563 2.474
H2SO4 127.672 1.302 H2SO4 6.384 0.065
MgSO4• MgSO4•
86,735.829 351.911 86,735.829 351.911
7H2O 7H2O
CaSO4• CaSO4•
349.961 2.033 349.961 2.033
2H2O 2H2O
TOTAL 88,653.159 409.272 TOTAL 87,164.159 356.710

Mass Molar
37 Flow Rate Flow Rate
(kg/day) (kmol/day)
MgSO4 517.624 4.300
CaSO4(l) 3.382 0.025
H2O 846.706 47.000
H2SO4 121.288 1.237
TOTAL 1,489.001 52.562

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Equipment Physical Factors

Maximum effective submergence: 30%
Maximum apparent submergence: 35%
Maximum arc for washing: 29%
Portion of cycle under vacuum: 80%
Set-up Factors
On rate: 0.90
On cake discharge: 1.0
On actual area: 1.0
PROCESS DATA
Total dissolved solids (TDS) in feed liquid = 0.3775%
Final Cake liquid content = 6.19%
Dry Solid Feed = 87,085.79 kg/day

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DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Cake Thickness
Using Table 18-8 from Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s handbook 8th Ed.,
the cake thickness for Drum Filter type with standard scraper is:
Table . Minimum Cake Thickness for Discharge

Assuming 25% allowance on cake thickness:

𝐶𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 6 𝑚𝑚 (1 + 0.25) = 𝟕. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝒄𝒎
Dry Cake Weight
Using Figure 18-111 from Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, 8th
Ed., the dry cake weight, W is projected in the graph below vs Cake Thickness:
Figure . Dry Cake Weight vs. Cake Thickness

𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 10.0
𝑚2 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒

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Form Time
Using Figure 18-112 from Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, 8th
Ed., form time is:
Figure . Dry Cake Weight vs. Form Time

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 0.30 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 18 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

Cake Moisture Correlation
Using Figure 18-115 from Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, 8th
Ed., at 25wt% residual moisture, dry time/dry cake weight is:
Figure . Cake Moisture Correlation

𝜃𝑑
= 0.04
𝑊

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Dry Time
𝜃𝑑 = 0.04 × 𝑊 = 0.04 × 10.0 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒔.
Wash Quantity
% 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑘𝑒 = 𝑊 ( )
100 − % 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑘𝑔 25
𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑘𝑒 = 10.0 ( )
𝑚2 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 100 − 25
𝑘𝑔
𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑘𝑒 = 3.33
𝑚2 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
Calculation of TDS concentration in dry washed solid:
𝑘𝑔 0.0003 𝑘𝑔
𝑇𝐷𝑆 𝑖𝑛 𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑊𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 = 10.0 ( ) = 0.003
𝑚2 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 0.9997 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒

Calculation of TDS concentration in washed cake liquor.

𝑘𝑔
0.003 2
𝑚 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑇𝐷𝑆 𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑟 = × 100%
𝑘𝑔
3.33 2
𝑚 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
TDS in Final Washed Cake Liquor = 0.094 wt%

Percent remaining, R
𝐶2 − 𝐶𝑊
𝑅= × 100%
𝐶1 − 𝐶𝑊
Where:
𝑅 = % 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐶2 = 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝐶1 = 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝐶𝑊 = 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
0.094 − 0
𝑅= × 100%
0.98 − 0
𝑅 = 9.574

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From Fig. 18-116 (Perry, 2008), the required wash ratio is:

𝑁 = 1.28

For the design, add 10% allowance:

𝑁 = 1.28 × (1 + 0.10) = 1.408
Thus, the wash volume is:
𝑘𝑔
3.33 2 𝐿
𝑚 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑉𝑤 = 1.408 ( ) = 4.69 2
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 ∙ 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
1 𝐿

Wash Time
𝑘𝑔 𝐿
𝑊𝑉𝑤 = 10.0 2
(4.69 2 )
𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐿
𝑊𝑉𝑤 = 46.89
𝑚4

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From the figure

wash time is:

Figure . Cake Wash Time Correlation (Perry, 2008)

𝐶𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 0.205 𝑚𝑖𝑛

Time for each step:

1. Form Time = 0.3 min
2. Wash Time = 0.205 min
3. Final Dry Time = 0.4 min
Maximum washing arc = 29%
Maximum arc for dewatering only = 50%
Maximum apparent submergence = 35%
Minimum percentage of cycle between end of form and earliest start of
wash:
(50 − 35)
= 7.5%
2

Maximum percentage of cycle for wash and final dry:

80 − 29 − 7.5 = 43.5%

Cycle Time
Determine the cycle time based on rate-controlling operation:

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0.30 min
CTform = = 1.0 mpr
0.3
0.205 min
CTwash = = 0.71 mpr
0.29
(0.205 + 0.40) min
CTwash+dry = = 1.39mpr
0.435

Therefore, the cake wash + final dry rate is controlling and a cycle time
of 1.39 mpr must be used.

Speed
The speed of the drum is:
1 rev
= 0.72
min min
1.39 rev

Since the drum usually rotates at 0.1 to 10 rpm, thus, the calculated speed
is acceptable.

Washing Arc
The required washing arc is:
0.205 min
× 360° = 53.06°
min
1.39 rev

Assuming to start at the horizontal center line.

Overall Scale-up Factor

Overall Scale − up Factor = 0.9 × 1.0 × 1.0
Overall Scale − up Factor = 0.9
Design Filtration Rate
kg
10.0 2
m ∙ cycle 60min
Design Filtration Rate = ( ) (0.90)
min hr
1.39 rev
kg
Design Filtration Rate = 388.49
hr ∙ m2

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Filtration Area and Drum Diameter

kg
3,628.57
Total Filter Area = hr
kg
388.27
hr ∙ m2
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐢𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟒 𝐦𝟐
Filter Diameter
𝜋𝐷2
𝐴=
4
2
𝜋𝐷2
9.34 𝑚 =
4
𝑫 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝒎

Taking an assumption for Length-to-Diameter ratio based on typical range

applied for rotary filter (Perry’s ChE Handbook, 8th Ed.)

𝐿 3
=
𝐷 2

𝐿 3
=
3.56 m 2

𝑳 = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎

Type of Filter Cloth

Filter cloth to be used is a polyester fiber because it can withstand higher

temperatures up to 135oC. It is also acid and abrasion resistant
(Sutherland, 2008).

Total Gas Flowrate

min
Initial Dry Time = 1.39 (0.075 rev) = 0.104 min
rev
Final Dry Time = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐢𝐧

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Calculate gas volume through cake using the figure

Figure . Airflow through Cake (Perry, 2008)

Initial Dry:
𝑚3 𝑚3
0.205 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × 1.7 2 = 0.3485 2
𝑚 ∙ 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚 ∙ 𝑟𝑒𝑣
Final Dry:
𝑚3 𝑚3
0.4 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × 1.95 = 0.780
𝑚2 ∙ 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑟𝑒𝑣
The total is 0.9619 which 10% of it should be added for the design for
evacuation of drainage passages,
𝑚3 𝑚3
1.1285 2 × 1.10 = 1.2414 2
𝑚 ∙ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑚 ∙ 𝑟𝑒𝑣
Required Pump Capacity
𝑚3
1.2414
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑚2∙ 𝑟𝑒𝑣
min
1.39 rev

𝒎𝟑
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟑𝟏
𝒎𝟐 ∙ 𝒎𝒊𝒏

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