Phương Pháp Phần Tử Hữu Hạn - Lý Thuyết và Bài Tập - Trần Ích Thịnh PDF

624.1 PH561P 9 © N a = a 2 a > a} 7 t GS.TS, TRAN {CH THINH - TS, NGUYEN MANH CUONG PHUONG PHAP PHAN TU HUU HAN (LY THUYET VA BAI TAP) r DVL 119%" Az) NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VIET NAMLoi gibi thitu Phuong phép Phan ti hitu han la mét phutong php rat tong quat va hitu hi¢u cho 1di gidi s6 nhiéu lép bai toan ky thuat khac nhau. Sach Phuong phdp Phan tit hifu han (LY thuyét va bai tap) duoc bien soan nhim gidi thi@u mot s6 kién thtic co ban va ting dung chting vao tinh todn mot s6 két cau, cong trinh. Cu6n sich gidi thiéu 6 bude co ban nhat dé gidi mot bai toan bing phuong phap phan ti hitu han (PTHH) thong qua céc bai tap cu thé trong 12 chuong. Trong méi chuong déu cé phan ly thuyét, bai tap chon loc kém theo Idi gidi va bai tap tur giai. Chuong 1 gidi thieu phuong phap PTHH. Chuong 2 trinh bay mdt sé bai tap vé thanh chiu kéo (nén). Chung 3 tinh toan hé thanh phing. Chuong 4 gidi cac bai tap vé dam va khung bing phan tt: Hermite. Tiép theo, chuong 5 tap trung vio céc bai tap tmg dung phan ti hitu han tam gidc bién dang hing sé dé giai phang cia ly thuyét dan hdi. Chutong 6 gdm mot sé bai tap-vé phin tet tit gic kém theo bai tap vé tich phan s6. Chutong 7 gidi thiéu mét s6 bai tap vé tinh toan két cdu déi xing truc. Chuong 8 mé ta cach giai mt s6 bai tap vé mach dién va chat léng. Chuong 9 img dung phan ti hitu han trong bai toan din nhiét mét va hai chiéu. Chuong 10 gidi thiéu thuat ton PTHH trong tinh tm chju un. Chuong 11 trinh bay 16i gidi mét s6 bai tap trong tinh toan dong luc hoc két cu. Cudi cing, chwong 12 gidi thiéu thuat toan xay dung ma tran do cing chung va véct luc ntit i todn chung cua m6t két cau. Day 1a mt tai li@u bé ich cho sinh vien va hoc vien cao hoc cdc nganh ky thuat: Cong nghé ché’ tao may, Co dién ti, Ky thuat hang khong, Ky thuat tau thuy, May thuy khi, © t6, Bong cd, Tao hinh bién dang, Cong ngh@ chat déo & composite, Cong nghé & két ctu han, Xay dung, Thuy Igi, Giao théng,... ctia cdc trudng Dai hoc Kj thuat va Cong nghe. Trong qua trinh bién soan chdc chin khéng tranh khdi nhiing thiélu sot. Ching t6i rat mong nhan duge ¥ kién dong gop cia ban doc va déng nghiép. Moi ¥ kien dong g6p xin gui vé Cong ty Cé phan sach Dai hoc-Day nghé, Nha xudt ban Gido duc ‘Viet Nam, 25 Han Thuyén Ha N6i. Tap thé tac giaMUC LUC Chuong 1. GIOl THIEU PHUONG PHAP PHAN TU’ HU'U HAN 1.1. Gidi thigu chung 7, 1.2. X4p xi bang phan tir hdru han FA 4.3. Cac dang phan ti hu han 7 4.4. Mot s6 dang phan tir quy chiéu 8 1.5. Lye, chuyén vi, bién dang va tng suat 10 4.6. Nguyén ly cuc tiéu hoa thé nang toan phan 41 4.7. So’ dé tinh toan bang phuong phap Phan tir héru han 12 Chuong 2. PHAN TU’ HU'U HAN TRONG BAI TOAN MOT CHIEU 2.1. Ly thuyét 14 2.2. Bai tap 16 2.2.1. Bai tap giai mau 16 2.2.2. Bai tap ty gidi 26 Chuong 3. PHAN TU’ HU'U HAN TRONG TINH TOAN HE THANH PHANG 3.1. Ly thuyét 29 3.2. Bai tap 30 3.2.1. Bai tap giai mau 30 3.2.2. Bai tap ty gidi 42 Chuong 4. PHAN TU HU’'U HAN TRONG TINH TOAN KET CAU DAM VA KHUNG 4.1. Ly thuyét 45 4.2. Bai tap vé dam 49 4.2.1. Bai tap gidi mau 49 4.2.2. Bai tap ty giai 61 4.3. Bai tap vé khung 63 4.3.1. Bai tap gidi mau 63 4.3.2. Bai tap ty giai 5]Chuong 5. PHAN TU’ HU'U HAN TRONG BAI TOAN HAI CHIEU 5.1. Ly thuyét 80 5.2. Bai tap 83 5.2.1. Bai tap giai mau 83 5.2.2. Bai tap ty gidi 96 Chuong 6. PHAN TU’ TU GIAC 6.1. Ly thuyét 99 6.2. Bai tap 102 6.2.1. Bai tap giai mau 102 6.2.2. Bai tap ty giai 112 Chuong 7. PHAN TU’ HU'U HAN TRONG BAI TOAN BOI XUNG TRUC 7.1. Ly thuyét 115 7.2. Phan tir tam giac 115 7.3. Bai tap 118 7.3.1. Bai tap giai m&u 118 7.3.2. Bai tap ty gidi 126 Chuong 8. PHAN TU’ HU’'U HAN TRONG BAI TOAN MACH DIEN VA BAI TOAN CHAT LONG 8.1. Ly thuyét 129 8.1.1. Phan tle hvu han trong bai toan mach dién 129 8.1.2. Phan ti hu han trong bai toan chat léng 130 8.2. Bai tap 134 8.2.1. Bai tap gidi mau 134 8.2.2. Bai tap ty giai 144 Chuong 9. PHAN TU’ HU'U HAN TRONG BAI TOAN TRUYEN NHIET 9.1. Ly thuyét 146 9.1.1. Bai toan dan nhiét mot chiéu 146 9.1.2. Bai toan d&n nhiét hai chiéu 147 9.2. Bai tap 149 9.2.1. Bai tap giai mau 149 9.2.2. Bai tap ty gidi 162 Chuong 10. PHAN TU’ HU'U HAN TRONG BAI TOAN UON TAM 10.1. Ly thuyét 16510.1.1. Phan tir tam Kirchhoff 165 10.1.2. Phan tir tam Mindlin 167 10.2. Bai tap 169 10.2.1. Bai tap giai mau 169 10.2.2. Bai tap ty giai 180 Chuong 11. PHAN TU HU’'U HAN TRONG BAI TOAN BONG LUC HOC KET CAU 411.1. Ly thuyét 182 11.2. Bai tap 184 11.2.1. Bai tap giai mau 184 11.2.2. Bai tap ty giai 197 Chwong 12. PHU'ONG PHAP GHEP NOI MA TRAN O CUING CHUNG VA VECTO'LYC NUT CHUNG 12.1. Ly thuyét = 200 12.2. Bai tap 200 12.2.1. Bai tap gidi mau 201 12.2.2. Bai tap tu gidi 208 Tai ligu tham khao..Chuong, 4 GIOI THIRU PHUONG PHAP PHAN TU HUU HAN 1.1. GIOI THIEU CHUNG Phuong phap phan tir hiru han (PTHH) 1a mét phuong phap rat tang quat va hiu hiéu cho 1di giai sé nhiéu lop bai toan ky thuat khdc nhau. Trén thé gidi cé nhiéu phan mém PTHH néi tiéng nhu: NASTRAN, ANSYS, ABAQUS, IDEAS, SAP 2000, CAST3000, SAMCEF. Dé cé thé khai thac higu qua nhimg phan mém PTHH hién cé hode ty x4y dung ldy mét chuong trinh tinh todn bing PTHH, ta can phai nim duge co sé ly thuyét, ky thuat m6 hinh hod cing nhu cdc bude tinh co ban cia phuong phap. 1.2. XAP XI BANG PHAN TU HOU HAN Gia str V 1a mién xac dinh cua mét dai lugng can khdo sat nao dé. Ta chia V ra nhiéu mién con v° cé kich thuée va bac tu do hiru han. Dai luong xp xi cia dai lugng can khao sat sé duge tinh trong tap hgp cdc mién v’. Phuong phap xp xi nho cae mién con v° duge goi 1a phuong php xp xi bang cac phan tir htu han. Cac mién con v‘ duge goi la cdc phan tir hiru han. 1.3. CAC DANG PHAN TU HOU HAN Cé nhiéu dang phan tir hiru han: ‘phan tir mOt chiéu, hai chiéu va ba chiéu,...Phan tir m@t chiéu tne Fae as Phan tir bacnhat Phan tir bac hai Phan ti bac ba Phan tir hai chiéu A 2 Phan tt? bac nhat Phan tir bac hai Phan ti bac ba Phan tir ba chidu Phdn tie tie dién LY ES Phan tir bac nhat Phan tir bac hai Phan ti bac ba Phan tir ling tru Phan tu bac nhat Phan tir bac hai Phan ti bac ba Hinh 1.1. Mét s6 dang phan tir hu han1.4. MOT SO DANG PHAN TU QUY CHIEU Phan tir quy chiéu mt chiéu o> se A o 46 A 0 | 450 %° 4 = & Phan ti bac nhat Phan tir bac hai Phan tir bac ba Phan tir quy chiéu hai chiéu n at n 1 i a >, Noh 1 Aa " Io t 2I5"ls 0,0 Hote AY COAG Baie & 00 % % 1 & Phan tir bac nhat Phan tir bac hai Phan tir bac ba Phan tir quy chiéu ba chiéu Phan tie te dién Phan tl bac nhat Phan tr bac hai Phan tir bac baPhén tit séu mat Phan tte bac nhat Phan tr bac hai Phan tt bac ba Hinh 1.2. Mot s6 dang phan tir quy chiéu 1.5. LUC, CHUYEN VI, BIEN DANG VA UNG SUAT Co thé chia luc téc dung ra ba loai va ta biéu dién ching duéi dang vécto cét: — Lye thé tich f : £= f] fy, fy, f:J" Lue dién tich 7: T=T[ Ty, Ty, Ta" — Lyc tap trung Pj: P= P [ Px, Py, P|” Chuyén vi cia mét diém thudc vat duge ky hiéu boi: u=[u,v, w]" (1.1) Cac thanh phan cia tenxo bién dang duge ky hiéu boi ma tran cot: 8 = [Ex, by, Exe Yye Yous Yq] | (1.2) Truong hop bién dang bé: du dv dw dv, aw ou aw ou , ov ei een (13) Ox Oy Oe te th & & ww & Céc thanh phan cua tenxo img sudt duge ky hiéu béi ma tran cét: F = [0x, Fy, Oz, T yz, Txzs Try] (1.4) 10V6i vat ligu dan hdi tuyén tinh va ding huéng, ta c6 quan hé gitta img suat voi bién dang: o=De (1.5) Trong do: l-v ov v 0 oO 0 vo Tv ¥ 0 0 0 . E vov i-v 0 0 0 ~ (1+v)@-2v)} 0 = 0 «0 OB-v 0 0 oO 0 O 0 0,5-v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,5-v, Hoac trong trudng hgp bai toan hai chiéu: + Bai toan tmg suat phing: iow ® D=G|v 1 0 9 Oye + Bai toan bién dang phing: & l-v ov oO D=-————| v l-v 0 (1+v)(1-2v) ia E 1a médun dan hai, v 1a hé sé Poisson cha vat liéu. 1.6. NGUYEN LY CUC TIEU HOA THE NANG TOAN PHAN Thé nang toan phan II cla mét vat thé dan hdi 1a tdng cia nang long bién dang U va cong cua ngoai luc tac dung W: T1=U+W (1.6) V6i vat thé dan héi tuyén tinh thi nang lugng bién dang trén mét don vi thé tich duge xdc dinh béi: 30"Do do nang lugng bién dang toan phan etal UnsJe edv (1.7) Céng cua ngoai luc duge xac dinh béi: W =-futrav - fu"Tas -°u,"P, (1.8) ¥ 3 = Thé nang toan phan cua vat thé dan héi sé 1a: T=4 fo"eav— fuTtav - furas—S°u,"P, (1.9) 2 v v s vel Trong dé: u la vécto chuyén vi va P; 1a luc tp trung tai nat i cé chuyén vi la uj. Nguyén ly cwe tiéu thé nang: Déi voi mot hé bao toan, trong tat ca cdc di chuyén kha di, di chuyén thyc img véi trang thai cn bing sé lam cho thé nang dat cuc tri. Khi thé nang dat gid tri cc tiéu thi vat (hé) 6 trang thai can bing én dinh. 1.7. SO BO TINH TOAN BANG PHUONG PHAP PHAN TU HUU HAN MOt chuong trinh tinh bang PTHH thudng gdm cdc khéi chinh sau: Khdi 1: Doc cae dit ligu dau vao: Cac dit ligu nay bao gdm cac théng tin mé ta nut va phan tir (luéi phan tit), cdc thong s6 co hoe cia vat ligu (médun dan hdi, hé s6 dan nhiét,...), cdc théng tin vé tai trong tac dung va thong tin vé lién két cia két cu (diéu kién bién); Khdi 2: Tinh todn ma tran 6 ctmg phan tr k va véeto Ie nut phan ti f cua mdi phan tir; Khéi 3: Xay dung ma tran d6 ctmg tong thé K va vécto lye nut F chung cho ca hé (ghép ndi phan tir); Khdi 4: Ap dat cdc didu kién lién két trén bién két cdu, bing cach bién di ma tran d6 cimg K va vécto lye nuit ting thé F; Khéi 5: Giai phuong trinh PTHH, xéc dinh nghiém cia hé 1a vécto chuyén vi chung Q; Khdi 6: Tinh toan cae dai Iuong khac (img sudt, bién dang, gradien nhiét d6,...) ; 12Khéi 7: Té chite lu trit két qua va in két qua, vé cdc biéu dd, dé thi cla cac dai lugng theo yéu cau. So dé tinh toan véi cdc khéi trén duge biéu dién nhu hinh1.3: Tinh todn ma tran d6 cimg phan tir k Tinh toan vécto lye mit phan tirf Xay dung ma tran d6 cimg K va vécto Iyc chung F Ap dat digu kign bién (Bién déi cdc ma tran K va vécto F) Gidi hé phuong trinh KQ =F (Xéc dinh vécto chuyén vj nut ting thé Q) Tinh todn cdc dai lung khac (Tinh toan img suat, bién dang, kiém tra bén, . Hinh 1.3. So dd khéi cia chong trinh PTHH 13Cheong, z PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG BAI TOAN MOT CHIEU 2.1. LY THUYET Mi phan ti thanh c6 hai nuit, mdi nuit c6 1 bac ty do (hinh 2.1a, b). a=[a J" 1a vécto chuyén vi mit phan ti. Q= [2, ! 1a vécto chuyén vj mit chung. F= [zl 1a vécto lye nut chung. OOO O05 yO Sceccaniines sieneaincenimeniariniaaameememmane — } 23 4. —..6-F..6 > Se > oor or a a Qa @ Qs Qs Qs Qs Hinh 2.1a. Chis6 chung Hinh 2.1b. Chi s6 dia phuong — Khao sat m6t phan ti e nhu hinh 2.2. 1 @© 2 x EE] Le a) ») Hinh 2.2. Phan tir trong hé toa d6 x va & Ham dang tuyén tinh: N,@)=755, nv @=ttt @.1) 2 14Truong chuyén vi tai diém bat ky trong phan tir duge biéu dign bai: u=Nq Trong do: N=[N,.N,] Bién dang dugc biéu dién qua chuyén vj nut phan tir: ang! ocobayay yy (2.2) XX, B [a ma tran bién dang-chuyén vi cua phan ti. Biéu thitc tinh img sudt: o = EBq (2.3) Ma trén d6 citng ciia phan te: AB, Zl ke == 2.4) I, [ ra sa Vécto luc mit quy di tir lye thé tich: Afi, {l © seedless ps pag es Vécto lye mit quy déi tir lye dién tich: is pha |! res {i (2.6) V6i luc tap trung, lay mit tring voi diém dat luc. Hé phuwong trinh PTHH dudi dang cé dong: KQ=F (2.7) Giai hé phuong trinh (2.7), ta sé tim duge chuyén vi Q; nh bang ghép néi phan tir ta sé xdc dinh duge chuyén vj nut q cla cdc phan tir. Ung suat duge tinh theo céng thite (2.3). 152.2. BAI TAP 2.2.1. Bai tap gidi mau Bai tap 2.1 Khao st mét hé gdm ba 1d xo thing dig ndi v6i ba trong lugng P nh hinh 2.3a. D6 cimg cia 3 1d xo tir trén xudng lan lugt 1a 3k, 2k va k. Hay sir dung phan tir hiru han mét chiéu dé xdc dinh chuyén vj cua cac trong lugng va phan lyc lién két tai dau 10 xo thir nhat. LLL LLL LA =a Qa, = © ong 2 i © = 3 Nati Q3 R qi © T : Hinh 2.3a. Hé 1d xo Hinh 2.3b. Mé hinh PTHH LOI GIAI Buéc 1. M6 hinh PTHH Sir dung phan tt mét chiéu, hé 10 xo va khéi lugng duge mé hinh voi 4 nut va 3 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 2.3b. Tiép theo, déc gia co thé tham khdo Chuong 12 vé cach lap bang ghép néi cdc phan ti, cdch xdy dyng ma tran d6 cimg va véc to lyc nut chung. 16Buéc 2. Lap bang ghép néi cdc phan tir. a 4 Phan tir 1 1 2 Phan tir 2 2 el 3 Phan ti 3 4 Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran d6 cjg cia cdc phan tir Sir dung céng thire (2.4) d6i vGi cdc 1d xo, ta chi viéc thay d6 cimg 1d xo k vao vi tri cha sé hang Ake . Cac ma tran dé cimg k', KR, k° cho cac phan tir duge xac dinh nhu sau : 1 2 2 3 a, 4 kia| 3k -3k]) ge] 2k -2k|2 stk —kIs -3k 3k }2 -2k 2k |3 -k k js Buéc 4. Thiét lap ma tran d6 cimg chung K Sau khi danh s6 cac ma trén d6 cimg cdc phan tir va tién hanh lip ghép, ta thu duge ma tran d6 ctmg chung sau : 3k 3k 00 3-30 0 —3k 3k+2k -2k 0 3.5 -2 0 = = (2.8) PE LAY op) aig gt BIEN Wy ge gs 0 0 thaw k 0 oO -1 1 Buéc 5. Thiét lap vécto lye nat chung F {F}' ={R, P P P}" voi Ry: phan lye lién két tai nut 1. Buée 6, Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Hé phuong trinh PTHH thu duge : 3&3 --0---0 1(Q;) aR 35 -2 01/2 = P (2.9) -2 3 -1/la,{ |P 0 o -1 14la, P 2.PPPT HUU HAN 17Ap dung diéu kién bién cua bai todn, ta cé Qi = 0, bé di hang 1 va cét 1 cua ma tran K, ta cé hé mdi: 5 -2 07/Q,) {P K-2 3 -1Q,$= (2.10) o -1 14[Q) [2 r Gidi hé (2.10) ta thu duge: {Q, Q, ay -{? 2B 2 Cuéi cing, phan luc lién két tai nut 1 durgc.rit ra tir (2.9): Ry =- 3P Bai tap 2.2 Y Fo=-F 8 Fea2F Jp vase yan so rset eo Hinh 2.4a. Hé 3 10 xo véi chuyén vi ban dau tai diém 3 Khao sat hé 3 16 xo néi véi nhau nhu hinh 2.4a. D6 cimg cua cdc 1 xo lan lot 1a k, 3k va 2k. Diém 1 duoc cé dinh vao tudng, diém 3 chiu mét chuyén vj ban dau 6. Tai cdc diém 2 va 4 c6 cdc lye tac dong tuong img F) =-F va Fy = 2F. Hay xdc dinh chuyén vi tai cdc diém va luc tai diém 3. LOIGIAI Buéc I. M6 hinh PTHH Hé 1 xo duge mé hinh héa véi 4 nut va 3 phan tir duge dénh sé nhu hinh 2.4b. Cie OmPompyrgey o—__~+—__e________,,e_>_____—__o—_"_"_"_"—"> 1 2 4 a 7 eo» Nat i Nat j Hinh 2.4b. M6 hinh PTHHBuée 2. Lap bang ghép néi cc phan tt E a Phan tir 1 1 2 Phan tir 2 2 3 Phan tir 3 3 4 Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran 6 cimg cia cdc phan tir Theo céng thirc (2.4), ta thu duge cdc ma tran d6 ctmg k!, k?, k° cho cc phan tir nhu sau : 1 2 2 3 3 4 kia] -kl gz] 3k -3k]2 ya | 2k -2k]> =k: ke]: -3k 3k |s -2k~ 2k {4 Buée 4. Thiét lp ma tran d6 cimg chung K Sau khi danh sé cdc ma tran d6 ctmg cc phan ti va tién hanh lip ghép, ta thu duge ma tran d6 cimg chung sau : ko -k 0 0 1 -1 0 #0 _|-k 4k -3k 0 |_jJ-1 4 -3 0 iO, eShop hs ket [0.2 =3j S12 0 0 -2k 2k 0 0 -2 2 Buéc 5. Thiét lap vécto lye nut chung F {FY ={R, -F R, 2F}" voi Ry: phan luc lién két tai nut 1, R3: luc tai nut 3. Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} 1 -1 0 0 ]/Q, R, -1 4-3 0 1]@,|_|-F (2.11) 0 -3 5 =2/la,[-)R, 0, 0-2. 2ellO,) far Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai toan, ta o6 Qi = 0 va Q; = 6, bé di hang 1 va c6t 1 cla ma tran K, ta c6 hé mdi:4k -3k 0 1(Q,) {[-F =3k 5k 2k} 3 $=1R, (2.12) 0 -2k 2k jla,) [ar Hé (2.12) duge bién déi nhu sau: gid tri cia timg hang cia sé hang thuéc vé phai bi trir di mét lugng bang 6 nhan véi gia tri sé hang cla ma tran vé trai nim & ct 2 va hang tuong img. Sau dé, ta loai bé hang 2 va ct 2 (hang va c6t cé chuyén vi cho truéc) : 4 OU] fF +38 0 2\lQ,f \2Fr+2ks . Giai hé mdi, ta thu duge: {Q, ay ={- 54% Ea} 4k 4k Cac phan luc lién két va luc tai 3 duoc tinh tir (2.11): 7 _[F 3k8 _5F , 3k)" eee ee s 4.4 4 4 Bai tap 2.3 Cho hé 1d xo nhu hinh 2.5a. Biét: ky = 4 N/mm, ky = 6 N/mm, k3 = 3 N/mm, F)=~30 N, F3 = 0, Fy = 50 N. Xéc dinh chuyén vj cua cdc diém va phan lye lién két tai diém 1. ke y abst Fe Fe NNt_~——> Tat 2) > 3 & 4 Hinh 2.5a. Hé 4 1d xo 404 q Hinh 2.56. M6 hinh PTHH NSE NO) 20LOT GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé 1d xo duge mé hinh héa voi 4 nat va 4 phan ti duge danh sé nhu hinh 2.5b. Bude 2. Lap bang ghép néi cac phan tir a a Phan tle 4 1 2 Phan tir 2 2 3 Phan tir 3 2 3 Phan tir 4 3) 8 4 Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran d6 cimg cia cdc phan tir Theo cong thre (2.4), ta thu duge cac ma tran do cimg k', 2, k, k* cho cac phan tu: 1 2 2 3°) wel -kbsel ke -k > -k, kip shes B ‘| k, hls zi -[é * mxcinakiya2 -k, ky |s Buéc 4. Thiét lap ma tran d6 cing chung K Sau khi danh sé cdc ma tran d6 ctmg cdc phan tir va tién hanh lap ghép, ta thu duge ma tran d6 ctmg chung sau : k, -k, 0 0 ~k, k,+2k, -2k, 0 0 -2k, 2k, +k, -k, 0 0 ~k, ky Buéc 5, Thiét lap vécto lye nut chung F {F}" ={R, -30 0 50)” v6i Ry : phan luc lién két tai nut 1. Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} K= kb L2nm 0 07170) [R -k, k,+2k, -2k, 9 12, | _J-30 (2.13) 0 -2k, 2k, +k, -k, ||Q, 0 0 0 -k, k, 1Q, 50 21Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai toan : Q; = 0, bé di hang 1 va c6t 1 cola ma tran K, ta c6: 16 -12 0 |/Q, —30 -12. 15 -3KQ,=) 0 (2.14) 0 -3 34a} | s0 Q.) {5.000 Giai hé (2.14) ta thu duge: {Q, $=4 9.167 } (mm) QJ (25.833 Phan lye lién két tai mit 1 durgc rat ra tir (2.13): Ri =-20 (N). Bai tip 2.4 Xac dinh img suat va ndi luc trong cdc doan cua truc 6 hinh 2.6a. Biét: E;=207 GPa, E,=69 GPa, E,=104 GPa. Thép (As=50 cm’) Nhém (As=40 cm’) ‘Bong (Ay=25 cm’) Hinh 2.6a. Tryc 3 bac 6) 2F2 ® ® Fo a Nati Natj Hinh 2.6b. MO hinh PTHH va phan tir quy chiéu 22LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Truc bac duge mé hinh héa voi 4 nut va 3 phan tir dugc danh sé nhu hinh 2.6b. E,A,_ 207 x 5 x 10" = 25.875 x 10° (N/m) i 4 . BA, 69x 4 x 10! 6.9 x 10" | |’ QNim) 4 4 : fa Wee = 65x 10° (Nm) 3 Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cac phan tir qi a Phan te 1 1 2 Phan te 2 2 3 Phan tu 3 3 4 Bude 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cia cdc phan tir Theo cng thirc (2.4) ta thu duge cdc ma tran d6 cimg k', KR, Kk cho cdc phan tir nhu sau : BA] 1 -1)h 4 [+1 a]: 23 Re ft | 1 = (2.15) h [et otf pea EwA| 1 =a] bl-1i 4 Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 ctmg chung K 25.875 —25.875 0 0 -25.875 32.775 -69 0 0 -6.9 13.4 -6.5 0 0 -65 65 K=10° (2.16) 23Buéc 5. Vécto lyc nit chung F (FJ ={R, 2, 0 -K,}" voi Ry : phan luc lign két tai mit 1. Buée 6, Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} 25.875 -25875 0 0 1(Q] (R «|-25.875 32.775 -6.9 0 ||Q.|_}2F, a 0 6.9 134 -6.5|/Q,{ | 0 Qin 0 0 6.5 6.5°}(Q, -FK, Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai toan : Q; = 0, bé di hang 1 va c6t 1 cba ma tran K, ta cd hé moi: 32.775 -6.9 0 Q, 240000 6.9 13.4 -6.5)}Q,p={ 0 (2.18) 0 -6.5 6.5 ||Q, ~100000 10° Giai hé (2.18) ta thu duge: {Q. Q Qj" ={5.41x10% -9.08 x 10° -24,47 x 10°)" @) Ung suat trong cdc truc duge tinh theo c6ng thite (2.3), do do: {o, ¢, «,}"=(2799675 -7498575 -7964325 }" (N/m*) Cuéi cing, ta cé ndi lye trong cae truc i: Fi) = 6) Ai {F, F, BJ" ={13998 -29994 -19911}" (N) Bai tap 2.5 Hai éng tru réng bing thép va bing nhém dugc gin c6 dinh tai cdc dau A, B va gin véi mét t4m ctmg khéng bién dang C tai ché néi hai éng nhu hinh 2.7a. Xdc dinh chuyén vi cua diém C va tmg suat trong cdc éng thép va éng nhém. LOI GIAI Bude 1. M6 hinh PTHH 24Hé hai éng dugc mé hinh héa véi 3 mut va 2 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 2.7b. Thép (Es=200 GPa, A=60mm’) 1 =20em Nhém (E=70 GPa, asl 2 A,=600mm’) ® Nat j Hinh 2.7a. Hé hai éng try nhém va thép Hinh 2.7b. M6 hinh PTHH Tinh todn cdc thira s6 cia ma tran d6 cimg: Es As = 12 x 10° (N) E, Aa = 42x 10° (N) Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir q qi Phan te 4 1 2 Phan tir 2 2 3 Buée 3. Ma tran d6 cimg ciia cae phan tit Theo céng thie (2.4), ta thu duge cdc ma tran dé cimg k', k* cho céc phan ter nhu sau : eB an eB | “th A |-r aj. hoi-t as Buwéc 4, Ma tran d6 cig chung K Sau khi danh sé cdc ma tran 46 ctmg cdc phan tir va tién hanh lp ghép, ta thu duge ma tran d6 cig chung K: 25BARS BAL 0 | xa|-EA EA, EA BA a or 0 EA BA b 4 Buéc 5. Thiét lap vécto lye nut chung F {F}' ={R, 2P R,}" Voi Ry, Rs: phan luc lién két tai nat 1 va 3. Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} BAL Biba iy 1 it EA, EA, Esty Ex, |[2'|_[% (2.19) wa hh ee aa ‘5A, EA, |(@J (& Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai todn : Q: = Q; = 0, bé di hang 1 va c6t 1, hang 3 va c6t 3 cia ma tran K, ta c6: Q) = 0.3 mm. Dé tinh img sudt trong cdc Sng, ta Ap dung céng thite (2.3) cho timg dng. o day, ta c6 cdc ma tran : (eh =}e a a -{2'} leL=pE al-{3} Cuéi cing, ta c6 : 6, = Es B, qs = 606.06 (MPa) Oa = Eq Ba da = —106.06 (MPa) 2.2.2. Bai tp ty gidi Bai tip 2.6 Cho hé 16 xo véi céc 46 ctmg nhu hinh 2.8. Hay: 1. Thiét lap ma tran d6 ctmg chung K va vécto lye nut F. 262. Tinh cdc chuyén vi tai 2 va 3. 3. Tinh cdc phan luc lién két. 3k 7 en y EEN —o— angel 4G 1 k = 2k Hinh 2.8. Hé 4 16 xo chiu luc Bai tp 2.7 Hai con trugt A va B duge lién két voi nhau béi hé cdc 16 xo nhu hinh 2.9. Cho: k = 8800 N/m, F, = 90 N, Fp = 67.5 N. 1. Thiét lap ma tran dé cimg chung K va vécto lye nut chung F. 2. Tinh chuyén vi clia cdc con trugt va luc tac dung vao cac 16 xo. Hinh 2.9. Hé 16 xo va hai con truot Bai tap 2.8 Khao sat mét c6t nha bang thép trong mot toa nha 4 tang nhu hinh 2.10. Lye tac d6ng lén ct 1a do trong Iugng ciia cae tang khac nhau gay ra. Cho médun dan héi ctta thép la E = 207 GPa va dién tich mat c&t ngang cia cot la A = 260 om’. Hay tim cc chuyén vj cia cdc diém 1, 2, 3, 4 va cdc img suat trong c6t tai cdc ting nha khac nhau. 273.8m 3.8m 3.8m 3.8m Hinh 2.10. Cot d& nha 4 tang Bai tp 2.9 Cho hé thanh lién két nhw hinh 2.11. Tai diém 4 hé chju mét chuyén vi 8 =25 mm. Cho E = 210 GPa, A = 4 x 10“ m’., Hay xac dinh chuyén vi tai cde diém, img sudt trong cae thanh va cde phan luc lién két. Hinh 2.11. Hé 3 thanh chiu chuyén vi ban dau Bai tap 2.10 Khao sat truc bac voi dau phai duge néi vi 1d xo nht hinh 2.12. Biét k = 2000kN/m, médun dan hdi cua thép E; = 200GPa va nhém E, = 70GPa. Hay xc dinh chuyén vi cia cdc dau truc, img sudt trong cdc truc va cdc phan luc lién két. 28 D=0.1m Hinh 2.12. Hé truc bac va 1d xoCheong 8 PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG TINH TOAN Hf THANH PHANG 3.1. LY THUYET Phan tir thanh duge mé ta trong hé toa 40 dia phuong va hé toa dé chung nhu trong hinh 3.1. x: q2 — qasind qscos0 y = % ; «fom + cosO a) a ») Hinh 3.1. Phan tu thanh trong hé toa dé dia phuong (a) va trong hé toa d6 chung (b) Vécto chuyén vi nut trong hé toa d6 dia phuong: a =la’.a’) G1) Vécto chuyén vj nut trong hé toa dé chung: a= [a1 a2 43, qa)" (3.2) Ta cé thé viét: q=Lq 3.3) 29Trong d6 L la ma tran chuyén vi: Imo 0 u-{ ol nt a 1=cos0, m=sinO Ma tran 46 cimg cua phan tir trong hé toa dé chung: Po oim -0 --lm E,A,| Imm? -Im -m*> pabeAe (3.5) 1, |-P? -Im PP Im -Im -m’ Im m Ung suat trong thanh duge xac dinh béi: o=S[-1 -m | mijq (3.6) 3.2. BAI TAP 3.2.1. Bai tap giai mau Bai tap 3.1 Cho hé 3 thanh nhu hinh 3.2a. Biét E = 200 GPa. Hay xac dinh chuyén vi ctia B, C, tmg sudt trong cdc thanh va cdc phan lyc lién két. Nat) Qa 04m 0.4m Hinh 3.2a. Hé 3 thanh chiu tai trong thang ding Hinh 3.2b. M6 hinh PTHH 30LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé thanh duge mé hinh héa v6i 3 nut va 3 phan tir duge dénh sé nhu hinh 3.2b. Tinh toan cac théng s6 cho ma tran 46 ctmg: 1. 2. 3. Te: 02 = 135° 03 = 45° 0° heal m =0 = -0.707_ m2. =0.707 1; = 0.707 m3 = 0.707 Déc gia c6 thé tham khao chuong 12 vé cach ghép néi ma tran d6 cimg va vécto lyc nut chung cho bai toan hai chiéu. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cac phan tir ac ty do Nati Nat j Phan tir Qait Qai Qa. Qy Phan tir 1 1 2 3. 4 Phan tir 2 3 4 5 6 Phan tir 3 1 2 6 6 Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cua cdc phan tir Theo céng thitc (3.5), ta thu dugc cdc ma tran d6 cimg kK, Rb (kN/mm) cho cac phan tir sau: Ke k= 375 0-375 0 -875 0 375 0 o 0 0 0 358.55 —353.55, -353.55 353.55 1 353.55 =| 353.55 4353.35 -353.55 coo 1 2 3 4 853.55 -353.55 353.55 353.55 | 4 -358.55 |» -353.55 -353.55 353.55 353.55 353.55 2 353.55 353.55 =353:55 -353.55 353.55 353.55 5 6 ~353.55 —353.55]1 —353.55, —353.55 |2 353.55 353.55 353.55 |s 353.55 | 3 6 G.7) 31.Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 ctmg chung K 728.55 353.55 -375 0 -353.55 -353.55] 353.55 353.55 0 0 853.55 -353.55 K=- 375 0 728.55 -353.55 -353.55 353.55 (3.8) oO 0 -353.55 353.55 353.55 -353.55 ~353.55 -353.55 -353.55 353.55 707.1 i} [-353.55 -353.55 353.55 -353.55 0 707.1 Buéc 5. Vécto luc nuit chung F {Fy ={R, R, 0 R, 0 —150}". Voi Ri: phan lye lién két tai nit i (i= 1,2,4). Buéc 6, Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} 72855 35355 -375 0 —--353.55 -353.55] (Q,) {R, 35355 35355 0 0 388,55 -353.55] |@,| | R -375 0 72855-35355 -36855 363.55 | |@,|_| 0 0 0 353.55 35855 35355 -353.55| |@,| | R, 2) 853.55 -35255 -353.55 353.55 707.1 0 Q| | 0 353.55 -35355 396355 -35355 0 707.1 | [QJ |-150 Ap dung digu kign bién cia bai todn, ta c6 Qi = Qo = Qu = 0, bé di hang 1 va cét 1, hang 2 va cét 2, hang 4 va cot 4 cua ma tran K, ta co: 728.55 -353.55 353.55](Q, 0 ~353.55 707.1 0 HQ t=4 0 (3.10) 353.55 0 707.1 ||Q, -150, Giai hé (3.10) ta thu duge: {Q, Q, Q,}7 ={0.2 0.1 -0.312}" (mm) Ung suit trong cdc thanh duge tinh theo céng thire (3.6): {o, o, 0,}"={0.05 0.053 0.053}" (N/mm?) 32Phan lyc lién két tai mit 1, 2, 4 duge rit ra tir (3.9) : {R, R, RJ ={0 75 75}7 (kN) Bai tip 3.2 Néu con lan B cia hé thanh & hinh 3.2a phai chiu mét chuyén vi xuéng dui 0.1 mm theo phuong dimg, hay xdc dinh ndi lyc trong cac thanh. LOI GIAI Lap lai cdc bude tinh tir 1 dén 5 trong bai tap 3.1, Buée 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Hé phuong trinh (3.9) khong thay déi. Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai todn, ta c6 Qi = Q: = 0, Qa =—0.1. BO di hang 1 va cét 1, hang 2 va c6t 2 cia K, ta cd: 728.55 -353.55 353.55 353.55 ]{ Q, 0 358.55 353.55 353.55 -353.55||-0.1|_| R, G.11) -353.55 353.55 707.1 0 Q{ ] 0 7 353.55 -353.55 0 707.1 }[ QJ {+150 Sau khi bién ddi, ta duge: 728.55 -353.55 353.55](Q, 0 -353.55x0.1 -353.55 707.1 0 |;Q,h=4 0+353.55x0.1 (3.12) 353.55 0 707.1 |[Q,} {-150-353.55x0.1 Giai hé (3.12) ta thu duge: {Q, Q, @}"={0.18056 0.04028 -0.2318}" (mm) NG@i luc trong cac thanh: Fj = 0; Aj (i=1,2,3), trong 46 tmg sudt duge tinh theo céng thire (3.6). {F, F, R}"={A.o, Ao, Ayo5}" =(67.71 4.24 -95.76}" (kN) Bai tip 3.3 Tim cac chuyén vj va phan luc lién két cho hé thanh trong hinh 3.3a. Cho: E= 210 GPa, Ay = Ap =6 x 10% m’, Ay = 6/2 x 104 m? 3-PPPT HOU HAN 33Qa 2} Nutt j Qa-1 Hinh 3.3a. Hé thanh voi géi twa nghiéng 45°. Hinh 3.3b. M6 hinh PTHH LOI GIAI Buée 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé thanh duoc mé hinh héa v6i 3 nut va 3 phan tir durge dénh s6 nhu hinh 3.3b. Tinh toan cdc théng sé cho ma tran d6 ctmg: 1, 0, = 90° h=0 m=1 2. 0, =0° y=1 m2=0 3. Q3 = 45° i5= J2/2 m3 = V2/2 Dé ap dung cac didéu kién bién trén mat nghiéng, cdc chuyén vj Qs va Qe trong hé toa d6 xy duge biéu dién qua cdc chuyén vj Q’s va Q’s trong hé toa d6 x’y’ nhu sau: s 6 . {eh cosss sin 45°|s {et (3.13) Q. —sin 45° eee: QJ Buc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nat j Phan ti Qa Qai Oa44 Qa, Phan ti 1 1 2 3 4 Phan tir 2 3 4 5 6 Phan tir 3 1 2 5 6 Buéc 3. Ma tran dO cimg cia cae phan tr 34Theo céng thtrc (3.5), ta thu duge cdc ma tran dé cimg k!, k?, k° cho cdc phan ti nhu sau : fi: 12 sosha 0000 Kt = 210x 6x10" 0 trad «3 ! 00.0 0 Ov=-1 0 1 a aa: 1 0 -1 Of}; je 210x6x10'} 0 0 0 ole 1 10 1 Ofs 0 0 0 Ofe Pe, ee 0.5 0.5 -0.5 422 210x6x10°] 05 05 -05 1 -0.5 ~0.5 0.5 05 -05 0.5 Bude 4. Ma tran d6 cimg chung K 05 05 0 0 -05 05 15 0 -1 -05 B BHO: PSO dy Oh ab K* = 126.10' ar -0.5 -0.5 -1 0 15 ~0.5 -05 0 0 05 (3.14) 6 -0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.5 Pel (N/m) (3.15) 0 0 0.5 05 Sau 46, ta lap ma tran chung dé chuyén céc chuyén vj tai nit 3 thanh cae chuyén vj trong hé toa dé dia phuong x’y’ fj. 000 0 0100 0 0010 0 0001 0 (T]- a 0.0.00. v2 O20 ae 9000 -5 Ma tran d6 ctmg chung bién déi : wlgslioooo (3.16) K*=TKT" 351 2 2 4 8 ° 05 05 OO 0 -0.707 0 05° #15 0 -1 -0.707 0 Kr=126,10°| 9 0 1 0 ~0.707 0.707) yim) (3.17) oO -1 0 & 0 0 -0.707 -0.707 -0.707 0 15 -0.5 0 0 0707 0 05 06 Buéc 5. Vécto luc nut chung F {FY ={R, R, PR, R, RJ)’ voi Rj : phan lye lién két tai nut i (i=1,2,4). Vécto hye nut chung bién déi F* = TF {Fey"={R, R, PR, 0 R) (3.18) Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH ; . = 05) 605)6©60 SO 0.707 0 | (%)} [& 0.5 15 0 -1 -0.707 0 Q Ry 126.10°| © 0 1 -0.707 0.707) || _}10"| (3 19) 0 0 -1 o td? & 0 Qa) |B -0.107 -0.707 -0.707 0 15 05} |@s} | ° 0 0 0.707 0 -05 05 | (Qe) [Re Ap dung diéu kién bién ctia bai todn, ta c6 Qi = Qo = Qa = Q’s= 0, b6 di hang 1 va cOt 1, hang 2 va c6t 2, hang 4 va c6t 4 va hang 6, cOt 6 cla ma tran K, ta cd: 126 x 10° [see ain } . fr} (3.20) Giai hé (3.20) ta thu duge: {Q Q',}"={11.91x10° 5.613x10°}" (m) CAc phan luc lién két duge rit ra tir phuong trinh (3.19) = {R, R, R, R,}"={-500 -500 0 707}" (kN) 36Bai tap 3.4 Hé hai thanh dugc tua trén m6t 1d xo nhw hinh 3.4a. Tim chuyén vi cia diém 1 va img sudt trong cac thanh. Biét E = 210GPa, A = 5.10“¢m?. Hinh 3.4b. M6 hinh PTHH, Hinh 3.4a.Hé thanh va ld xo LOI GIAI Buéc 1. M6 hinh PTHH Hé thanh va 16 xo duge mé hinh héa v6i 4 nut va 3 phan tir duge danh s6 nhu hinh 3.4b. Tinh toan cac théng sé cho ma tran d6 ctmg: 4 =-V2/2 m= ¥2/2 IL 0) 135° 2; @ = 180° h=-1 m2 =0 Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nutj Phan tir Qait Qa Qz4 Qa, Phan tir 1 4 2 3 4 Phan tir 2 1 2 5 6 Phan tir 3 2 7 37Buée 3, Ma tran d6 cig cua cdc phan tr 1 a4 -l -1 1}: k'=105x105}-! 1 1 -1)}2 (Nim) a Steet etl 1-1-1 14s 1205 6 1 0 -1 Oh Kk? =105x10°| 9 9 0 Of (N/m) (3.21) -1 0 1 Ofs' 0 0 0 Ofs 2 7 A, fhe Kk? =105x 10°) 21 21]? (Nim) oo, a 8 21 21 Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 cimg chung K 1+1 -1 -1 1-10 0 isis et 1 A 050; % 21 21 -1 1 1-100 0 K=105x10°| 1 -1 -11 00 0 (Nim) (3.22) -1 0.0.0.1 0,0 0 0 0000 0 oe 0. Ob 0,0 yen 21 21 Buéc 5. Vécto luc nit chung F {FY ={0 -25 R, R, R, R, R,}" voi R; : phan lye lién két tai mat i (i=1+7) Bude 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH 2st ton 25 4|(@] [9 whogr Bret 05 0 116 Io Tan -1 1 1-100 0] {Q,] |R, 105x10°}1 -1 -1 1 0 0 0 | 1Q,b=4R, (3.23) -1 0 0 0 10 0 | {Q,} |R, 0—-9-—.0'-0»-0--0- 0- |-1@s]-1 Ry a 41/1@) [RB 0-09 000 5 38Ap dung diéu kién bién cua bai todn, ta cd Qs = Qy = Qs = Qe= Q) = 0, bo di hang 3 va c6t 3, hang 4 va cét 4, hang 5 va cét 5, hang 6 va c6t 6 va hang 7 c6t 7 cla ma tran K, ta co: s[ 210 -105]/(Q,]_{ 0 " ome 125 He} si {35} (.24) Giai hé (3.24), ta thu duge: {Q, Q,}"={-1.724x 10° -3.448x 10°)" (m) Sir dung cong thite tinh tmg suat (3.6), ta 66: ~1.724 x 10° “= Saree £10'fo.707 -0.707 -0.707 0.707]{2448* 10°} 79.5 aunnimty 0 -1.724 x 10° s mone fo +o aac 10"! _ 36.2. QuNim’) oO Bai tap 3.5 dé 3 chan trong hinh 3.5a chju mét luc tac dng 10 KN thang dimg tir trén xudng tai diém néi 4. Médun dan hdi cia cdc chan dé la E = 200 kKN/mm? va dién tich mat ct ngang cita cdc chan 1a 2000 mm?, Xéc dinh n@i lyc trong cac chan dé., Hinh 3.5a. 6 3 chan Hinh 3.5b. Mé hinh PTHH 39LOI GIAI Bude 1. M6 hinh PTHH Hé thanh va 16 xo duge mé hinh héa voi 4 nut va 3 phan tir duge danh s6 nhu hinh 3.5b. Tinh toan cdc théng sé cho ma tran d6 ctmg: 1. Toa 46 cua cdc diém néi: 1(-3,0,0); 2(2,0,2); 3(2,0,-2); 4(0,5,0) 2. Chiéu dai cia timg phan tir: 1, = V(x, x, + -l +@ -2) 3. Cosin chi phuong ciia cdc phan tir: Ta cO bang sau: Phan tir Nati Nat j fmm) [ m n 1 1 4 5831 0.514 0.857 0 2 2 4 58745 -0.348 0.870 -0.348 3 3 4 5745 -0.348 0.870 -0.348 Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nat j Phan tir Quiz Qs. Qa, Qy2 Qa Qy Phan tir 4 1 2 3 10 "1 12 Phan tu 2 4 5 6 10 1 12 Phan td 3 8 10 "1 12 Buse 3. Ma tran a6 cimg cia céc phan tir Ma tran d6 ctmg cia phan tir thanh trong khong gian dugc tinh theo céng thie sau:Thay vao (3.25), ta duge : Ke k= Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 cing chung K Phan nay coi nhw bai tap thuc hanh danh cho déc gia. Im nl m? mn ia D/x 18111 30.184 0 -18.11 -30.184 Oo 8.425 -21.097 8.425 —8.425 21.097 8.425 7 8.425, 21.097 —8.425 —8.425 21.097 8.425 30.184 50.350 0 -30.184 —50.350 0 21.097 52.707 ~21.097 21.097 52.707 21.097 -21.097 52.707 21.097 21.097 —52.707 21.097 -? --Im -nl -lm -m -nl -mn -n —mn Bo cdi & nll m? mn n? 2 10 n rr O -18.11 -30.184 O}1 0 -80.184 -50.350 0)2 0 0 0 O}s O 1811 30.184 0 fio O 30.184 50.350 O]n 0 0 0 Oj} 6 10 n 8.425 -8.425 21.097 21.097 21.097 -52.707 8.425 -8.425 21.097 -8.425 8425 -21.097 21.037 -21.097 52.707 -8.425 8.425 -21.097 ° 10 u 8.425 -8.425 21.097 21.097 21.097 -52.707 8.425 8.425 -21.097 8.425 8.425 -21.097 21.037 -21.097 52.707 8.425 -8.425 21.097 Buéc 5. Vécto luc nut chung F voi Rj: phan lye lién két tai mit i (i +9) Budc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH | | | FT-IR, RR, RR, RR, RR, 0 (3.25) 12 8.425 | 4 21.097 | 5 8.425 | «6 8.425 |10 21.097 Ju 8.425 |i2 12 8.425 |7 —21.097] & 8.425 | 9 —8.425 |10 21,097 |u 8.425 Jo -10 o}" 41Ap dung diéu kién bién cua bai toan, ta c6 Q) = Q = Qs = Qy=Qs = Qe = Q7=Qs= Qo =0, bd di cdc hang tir 1 dén 9 va cdc c6t tir 1 dén 9 cla ma tran K, ta thu dugc hé rit gon sau: 34.96 -12.046 0 ]{Qy 0 -12.046 155.764 0 }Q,¢=4-10 (3.26) 0 0 16.950 |{Q,. 0 Gidi hé nay ta duge: {Qi Qi Q2}” =(-0.02273 -0.06597 0)" (mm) Va ndi luc trong cdc chan dé : 0 p, -200%2000F 9.514 0.857 0 0.514 0.857 of 9 | =-4.680KN 5831 0.02273 0.06597 0 F, ao 0+ 0~0.348(-0,02273) + 0.87(--0.006597) + 0]=-3.445 kN 200 x 2000 7 ae [0 - 0 + 0 - 0.348(—-0,02273) + 0.87(—-0.006597) + 0]= -3.445 KN’ 3.2.2. Bai tap ty giai Bai tap 3.6 X4c dinh cae chuyén vi va cac phan lye lién két cua hé thanh trong hinh 3.6. Cho cac théng sd: E = 207,GPa, A= 5 om? Hinh 3.6. Hé thanh voi géi twa nghiéng 42Bai tap 3.7 Khao sat hé 3 thanh thép néi ban 1é véi tudng va néi véi nhau tai diém 1 nhu hinh 3.7. Médun dan héi cua thép: E = 200 GPa. Dién tich cdc mat cat ngang: A; = A; =8 cm’, Ao = 10 cm’. X4c dinh chuyén vi cua diém 1, img suat trong cdc thanh va cdc phan luc lién két. 4100 cm 200 cm Hinh 3.7. Hé thanh gan vao tudng Bai tap 3.8 Cac thanh trong hinh 3.8 cé mit ct ngang hinh vudng 15 mm x 15 mm va médun dan hdi E = 69 GPa. Hay: 1. Thiét lap ma tran d6 cimg chung K. 2. Tinh cac chuyén vi nut. 3. Xae dinh cdc img sudt trong céc thanh. 15m Hinh 3.8. Hé thanh phang chiu Ic 43Bai tap 3.9 Xét hé hai thanh phang duoc do boi mét 1d xo nhu hinh 3.9. Biét E = 210 GPa, A=5 x 104 m. Hay xdc dinh chuyén vi tai 1 va img sudt trong céc thanh. Bai tap 3.10 \S 2 (0,0,0) 4 (14,6,0) Hinh 3.10. Hé thanh khéng gian Khao sat hé thanh khéng gian trong hinh 3.10. Cho médun dan hdi E=210 GPa, dién tich mat cat ngang céc thanh: A = 10° m?. Mot lyc 20 KN téc dong vao nut 1 theo hudng toa d6 x. Cac thanh dugc gin ban 18 vao tuong. XAc dinh chuyén yj cua diém 1, img sudt trong cdc thanh va cdc phan luc lién két.Cheong, PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG TINH TOAN Kft CAU DAM VA KHUNG 4.1. LY THUYET Vécto chuyén vj nut cia phan tir dim: q = [q1, qa, 43, qa]. Trong dé: qi, q3 1a dé vong va qo, qa 1a goc xoay. Q 1a vécto chuyén vi chung: Q=[A, @, Q,.--, Qo I" 4.1) a feat ea fo fo fe © ® ® © Doe a) Hinh 4.1. Roi rac dam bang cac phan tir htru han Ham dang Hermite =(2-36+ 8 V4 Ha= (1-8-8 + 8/4 Hy = (2 +36 - B/4 (4.2) Hy= (1-6 ++ 8/4 Biéu dién chuyén vi v(8 qua chuyén yi nit phan tit: v=Hq (4.3) Trong do: 45n=[14 ‘en, Hy ‘n| Ma tran dé cing cua phan tit dam: 12°” GE. 12. 6F, Ey\ 6, 42 -6, 27 =F =12 <6, 12 6), 6, 2 6, 42 k, Quy déi lec vé nut: ee a = + Mo oe =| x : 1 * 1 °) Yd) Hinh 4.2. Cac dang tai trong gay uén trén a) Luc phan bé déu, cudng dé p (hinh 4.2a) Pl, =£+[6 I, 6 -l fe 6-4 b) Luc phan bé bac nhdt (0: po) (hinh 4.2b) . _ Pol. r =f0e[9 21-3 Lezieo fo 2, .] c) Luc tap trung Po (hinh 4.2c) (4.4) (4.5) (4.6) (4.7) r fan] igo 1 Ha(E) Ay(60) Lin éa| 4.8) 46(Deg 1 d) Ngdu luc cé mémen Mg (hinh 4.2d) P= Tilesbs-t Ue -4x,+3x!) —oglo-L) O21) 4.10) Trong dé: &, = (4.9) Chu y: vécto lye nut f* cing c6 thé duge biéu dién theo bién Eo, bing cach thay x, =4(6, +1) vao biéu tht (4.10). : EJ —Mémen uén: M = jase 4 + 3E-1)l.q, -6€ 3 + BE +1).q4] 6ES ip (24, +1.4, - 243 +1.44) (4.11) — Lyte cat: Q= Ma tran d6 cing cia phan tir khung Hinh 4.3 gidi thigu mét phan tu khung. Hinh 4.3. Phan tir khung phang Vécto chuyén vj nut cia phan tir trong hé toa 46 chung: 9= [41s G25 43, Ges ds, Gel” (4.12) Vécto chuyén vj nut trong hé toa d6 dia phuong duge xdc dinh béi: . = La’. 42.43, 4's a's, del" (4.13) 4748 Cha y: q’3 = q3; 9’6 = de, ta tim duge biéu thire quan hé gitta q va q’: q=Lq (4.14) Trong do: 1 mo 0 00 -m 10 0 00 ip id 0 01 0 00 (4.15) 0 00 1 mo 0 0:0) =m° 1-0 0 00 0 01 1 =cos® va m = sind. —Ma tran d6 cig ca phan tir khung trong hé toa d6 dia phuong: EA -EA 0 0 = 0 0 1 i 12EJ 6EJ -12EJ 6EJ . & B, : P iq 6EJ 4EJ -6EJ 2EJ es ee kw = r, 1, ry I, (4.16) —EA 0 0 EA 0 0 1. i Ol -12EJ -6EJ 0 12EJ -6EJ Bio coal’, te FP, 6EJ 2EJ -6ES 4EJ 0 = “oS = r 4 e I Ma tran d6 cig trong hé toa d6 chung: K=LTKEL (4.17) Quy déi luc nit Lye phan bé déu, cudng dé p (hinh 4.4): r i pl. pl pl, _ pl =|0 <2 + 9 =+ -fe 4.18 f t 2 12 av ™ Ig eC Vécto luc nut phan tir trong hé toa dé chung duge xac dinh boi: f=L't (4.19)12 Hinh 4.4. Quy i lye phan bé vé nut Ap dung diéu kién bién, cudi cing ta thu duge hé phuong trinh PTHH: KQ=F (4.20) cho phép tinh chuyén vj tai mét diém bat ky ctia khung chiu luc. 4.2. BAI TAP VE DAM 4.2.1. Bai tap gidi mau Bai tip 4.1 5m Sm Sm Hinh 4.5a. Dam chiu tai trong thang dung Qa Qs Qs ty 2 3 1 Cait iy on™ Hinh 4.5b. M6 hinh PTHH 4.PPPT HUU HAN 49Xac dinh cac chuyén vi va cac phan lye lién két cho dam chju lye nhu hinh 4.5a. Biét EJ=const. LOIGIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé dim duge mé hinh héa véi 3 nut va2 phan tir durge dnh s6 nhu hinh 4.5b. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cac phan tir Bac ty do Nati Natj Phan t Qais Qai Qay1 Qa; Phan tir 1 1 2 3 4 Phan ter 2 3 4 5 6 Buéc 3. Ma tran 46 cimg cita cac phan tir Ap dung céng thite (4.5), ta c6 ma tran d6 cimg ita cae phan tir nbur sau : 0.096 2 3 4 0.24 -0.096 0.24 i= Ey| 0-24 0.8 -0.24 0.4 0.096 -0.24 0.096 -0.24 024 04 0.24 08 3 ‘ 5 ‘ 0.012 0.06 -0.012 0.06 ke = Ey] 0.06 04 -0.06 0.2 0.012 -0.06 0,012 -0.06 0.06 0.2 -0.06 0.4 Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 ctmg chung K Sau khi tién hanh lip ghép, ta thu duge ma tran d6 cimg chung sau : 0.096 0.24 -0.096 0.24 0 0.24 0.8 -0.24 0.4 0 K=BJ -0.096 -0.24 0.108 -0.18 -0.012 0.24 0.4 -018 12 -0.06 0 0 -0.012 -0.06 0.012 0 0 0.06 0.2 -0.06 0 0 0.06 0.2 -0.06 0.4Buée 5. Thiét lap vécto lye nit chung F Vécto lye nuit phan tr 1: 1 & 3 4 Le {pi = —3qh gl) Tq qh 20 30 20 20 Vécto lye mit phan tir 2 : {ey - e ” sa | Vécto lye nut chung F: {F}" =(-375+R, -416.6667 -1375 -625 -500+R, 1250}" vi Rj ; phan luc lién két tai mat i (i=1,5) Budéc 6, Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F}. Hé phuong trinh PTHH thu duge : 0.096 0.24 -0.096 024 0 0 }(Q,) [{-375+R, 0.24 08 -0.24 04 0 0 Q, 416.6667 gg] 0-096 -0.24 0.108 -0.18 -0.012 0.06 ||Q,|_| -1375 (421) 0.24 04 -018 12 -0.06 0.2 |/Q, 625 0 0 -0.012 ~-0.06 0.012 -0.06]/Q,| | -500+R, 0 0 006 02 -0.06 0.4 }(Q, 1250 } Ap dung diéu kién bién ciia bai toan : Q = Qs = 0, ta thu duge hé rit gon : 08 -024 04 0 1fQ, 416.6667 0.24 0.108 -0.18 0.06/|Q, a 1375 04 -0.18 412 0.2 ||Q, 625 0 0.06 02° 0.4 |{Q, 1250 Giai hé trén ta thu duge: < {Q, QQ, Q}" ={-2.4826rad —9.9537m —1.11 11 rad 2.3611 rad} « o Thay vao (4.21) ta tim duge cdc phan luc lién két : r AR, J = {3752182 500 2277764) (ww) EJ 31Bai tap 4.2 Khao sat dim cé khép quay nhu hinh 4.6a. Hay xéc dinh chuyén vi tai khop quay. gr Khép quay Hinh 4.6a. Dam voi khop quay Hinh 4.6b. M6 hinh PTHH LOI GIAL Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé dim duoc mé hinh héa véi 3 nut va 2 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 4.6b. Déi véi cdc bai toan dang nay, truée hét, ta coi khép quay thugc phan tir thir nhdt cia dim. Khi 46, ma tran 6 ctmg cia phan tir nay duge tinh theo céng thie sau: 1 40241, 3 ie. coat 3 o 0 0 (4.22) coco Sau dé ta tinh toén ma tran d6 cimg cho cae phan tir khdc, lap ghép va giai hé nhu binh thudng. Buéc 2, Bang ghép n6i cdc phan tk Bac ty do Nati Natj Phan tir Qa Qa Oa Qa Phan tir 1 1 2 3 4 L Phan tir 2 3 4 5 6 Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cing cia cdc phan tir 52a 0 _2Bd) a at <0 0 0 0. a4 ss 12 6b -12 6b 2 = EY] 6b 4b? -6b 2b? bil-12 -6b 12 -6b 6b 2b? -6b 4b? Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 cimg chung K Phan lip ghép ma tran d6 ctmg chung K coi nhu bai tap thc hanh danh cho déc gia Buéc 5. Vécto luc nut chung F {Fy ={R, R, -P 0 R, R,}” voi Ri: phan lye lién két tai nit i 1, 2, 5, 6). Buc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Ap dung diéu kién bién ciia bai toan : Q) = Q = Qs = Qe = 0. Sau khi bd di cdc hang va cac cGt 1, 2, 5, 6 ta thu duge hé sau : 312 6 nF ety & 41a) [oe eb 3 2 Tr Giai hé nay, ta 06 : {Q, Q,}7 eats pueabar 3a°+b*)ET 2a? +b*)ET Nhén xét : Néu ta chon khép quay thuéc phdn tit 2, khi dé K! duge tinh theo céng thitc (4.5), cn K° dugc tinh theo (4.22). Khi d6, ta sé thu duoc O, khac véi gid tri da tinh & trén va a6 chinh la diém dac biét cia hé déim cb khop quay. Bai tap 4.3 Cho hé truc bac bang thép nhu hinh 4.7. Tinh cdc chuyén vi va cdc phan luc lién két biét E=200 GPa. 53Q Qs 2 Qa Hinh 4.7. Hé truc bac va m6 hinh PTHH LOI GIAL Buée 1. M6 hinh PTHH Dam duc mé hinh héa béi 3 mat va 2 phan tir nhu hinh 4.7. Tinh todn m6t s6 thira s6 cua cdc ma tran 46 cimg: _ nd) _ d= 3.9761 x 10° (m4 ve ate nd; _ _7dy _ 2 J = 71.854 x 10” (mt) EJ, _ 200x10" x3.9761x10* = 4,602 x 10° (N/m) q (i2x107) 9 9 Bs _ 20010? x7.854%10” _ 4 999 10° vim) b (2x10?) Bude 2. Lap bang ghép néi cae phan tir Bac ty do Nat i Nat j Phan tir Qa Qe, O31 Qa, Phan tu 1 1 2 3 4 Phan tir 2 3 4 5 6 54Buée 3. Tinh ma tran d6 cimg ciia cdc phan tir Theo céng thitc (4.5), ta thu duge cdc ma tran do cimg k', k’, cho cdc phan tir nhu sau : 55.224 3.31344 -55.224 3.31344 k'=10° 3.31344 0.2651 «= — 3.31344 0.13255 —55.224 —3.31344 55.224 —3,31344 3.31344 0.13255 —3.31344 0.2651 10.908 0.65448 + -10.908 0.65448 1? =196| 965448 0.0524 0.65448 0.0262 10.908 = 0.65448 10.908 - 0.65448 0.65448 0.0262 - 0.65448. 0.0524 Buéc 4. Thiét lap ma tran d6 cimg chung K 55.224 3.31344 9=-55.224 3.31344 0 0 3.31344 0.2651 «= — 3.31344 0.13255 0 0 K=108 — 55,224 -3.31344 66.132 -2.65896 -10.908 0.65448 3.31344 0.13255 - 2.65896 0.3175 = - 0.65448 ~—0.0262 0 0 -10.908 -0.65448 10.908 -0.65448 0 0 0.65448 0.0262 -0.65448 0.0524 Buéc 5. Thiét lap vécto lye nat chung F eet rr _fah a a alt" Vécto lye nut phan ti 1: {rf a Sista a ae as Véecto hye nuit phan tir 2 : {pF =CP 0 o -my Vécto lye nut chung F: {F}" ={R,-12 R,-0.24 -1000-12 0.24 R, -5000}" v6i Rj : phan luc lién két tai nut i (i = 1, 2, 5). Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K]{Q} = {F} 5555.224 3.31344 -55.224 3.31344 0 0 a R,-12 3.31344 0.2651 3.31344 0.13255 0 0 Q,| | R,-0.24 s] ~ 55.224 -3.31344 66.132 2.65896 -10.908 0.65448 |}Q,| _ }-1000—-12 3; 3.31344 0.13255 -2.65896 0.3175 -0.65448 0.0262 |]Q,{ | 0.24 (23) 0 0 10.908 -0.65448 10.908 -0.65448|/Q, Rs 0 0 0.65448 0.0262 - 0.65448 0.0524 )|Q, -5000 Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai toan : Q) = Qo = Qs = 0. Sau khi bé di cac hang va cac cOt 1, 2, 5 va giai hé, ta cé: Q, 2.9992.10° (m) Q,$=4 0.0376 (rad) QJ} |-0.15169 (rad) Thay vao (4.23), ta thu duge cac phan luc lién két : {Ri Ro Rs}" = {-41030.4768 N -4953.5493 Nm 41954.3496 N}" Bai tap 4.4 Khao sat dim cé tit dién thay ddi chju Iye trong hinh 4.8. Hay xéc dinh cc chuyén vi, phan lyc lién két. Biét : E = 210 GPa, L = 2 m, P = 18 KN, q=10kN/m, J=4x 104 m* Hinh 4.8. Dam tiét dién thay déi va m6 hinh PTHH 56LOIGIAI Bude 1. M6 hinh PTHH 1 Si ono hah nod bas 3 nd SS OLR a Buéc 2. Lap bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Natj Phan tir Quis Qa Qa Qy Phan ter 1 1 2 3 4 Phan tl 2 3 4 5 6 Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran 46 cimg ca cdc phan tir Theo céng thitc (4.5), ta thu duge cdc ma tran d6 cimg k’, k’, cho cdc phan tir nhu sau: 1 2 2 4 15.75 31.5 15.75 31.5 |: ki a108| 31.5 84-315 42 |e, 15.75 -81.5 15.75 -81.5|s 315 420-815 84 Ja 24 ge TB 126 126 -126 126 |s x2 =10°| 126 168 -126 84 |. -126 -126 126 ~-126|5 126 84 -126 168 Jo Buéc 4, Thiét lap ma tran 46 ctmg chung K 15.75 31.5 =15.75 315 0 0 315 84 -315 42 O 0 K=10° -15.75 -31.5 141.75 94.5 -126 126 - 315 42 945 252 -126 84 0 0 -126 -126 126 ~126 0 0 126 84 -126 168 Buéc 5. Thiét lap vécto luc nut chung F Véoto lye nit phan tir 1: (pyr {PPh _P Phy i 8 a Vécto lye mit phan tir 2 : {py = ah ag al uy" ea ae he 57Vécto luc nut chung F: {F}" ={-9000+R, -9000+R, -19000 566.667 -10000+R, 3333.333}" voi Rj : phan lye lién két tai nit i (i= 1, 2, 5). Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Hé phuong trinh PTHH thu duge : 15:75 1891.5" 15.75 (315 0 0 7/2, —9000+ R, 31.5 84 =-315 9 42 0 0 112 —9000+ R, 10° =15.75 —31.5 141.75 94.5.0'-126 §)126 |/Q, zs 19000. 4.24) 31.5 42 94.5 252-126 84 |/Q, 5666.667 0 0 126 -126 126 -126]1Q,| |-10000+R, 0 0 126 84-126 168 }(Q, 3333.333 Ap dung diéu kién bién cua bai ton: Q; = Q: = Qs = 0, bé di hang 1, 2, 5 va cét 1, 2, 5 cua ma tran K, ta cé: 141.75 94.5 126](Q, -19000 94.5 252 84 |{Q,}>=45666.667 126 84 168]|Q, 3333.333, 10° Giai hé nay ta thu duge: {Q, Q, Q}"={-5.197m 0.97 rad 3.611rad}" x10* Thay vao (4.24) ta tim duge cac phan luc lién két : {R, R, R,}"={-20241N 29445 Nm -47721 N}" kN/m k=1000 kN/m Hinh 4.9. H@ truc bac, 1d xo va m6 hinh PTHH 58Truc bac duge dé béi mét 1d xo nhw hinh 4.9. dinh cc chuyén vi va cac phan luc lién két. LOI GIAI Buée 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé duge m6 hinh héa véi 4 nut va 3 phan ti nl Buée 2. Lap bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Cho EJ = 50 MNm”. Xac hu hinh 4.9, Bac ty do Nati Nat} Phan tir Qaia Qai Qa. Qa, Phan tir 4 1 2 S 4 Phan tir 2 3 4 5 6 Phan tir 3 5 7 Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran d6 cig cia cdc phan tir Theo céng thtrc (4.5), ta thu duge cdc ma tran phan tur: 1 2 3 ‘ 1875 37.5 -18.75 387.5 1 k'=10°| 375 100-375 50 |e -18.75 -37.5 18.75 -37.5]9 37.5 50 -37.5 100 |a 3 ‘ 5 6 9.375 18.75 -9.375 18.75 [2 k=10°| 1875 50-1875 25 a -9.375 -18.75 9.375 -18.75|s 18.75 25 -18.75 60 |« a) | or w=108| 1 -1]s -1 1}; Buéc 4. Thiét lap ma tran 46 cimg chung K d6 ctmg k!, kK, k° cho cdc Sau khi danh sé cdc ma tran dé ctmg phan tir va tién hanh lip ghép, ta cé ma tran d6 cimg chung: 918.75 | 37.5 -18.75 37.5 0 0 0 37.5 100 -87.5 50 O 0 0 -18.75 -37.5 28.125 -18.75 -9.375 18.75 0 K=10°} 37.5 60 -18.75 150 -18.75 25 0 oO 0 -9.375 -18.75 10.375 -18.75 -1 oO 0 18.75 25 = -18.75 50 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 1 Buéc 5. Thiét lap vécto lyc nut chung F 2 3 4 Vécto Iue nit phan tir: {fF = 0 - -% att : Véeto lye mit phan tir 2 : ey =(3 -M Oo at R Tr 5 7)T Vécto hrc mit phan tir3 : {e} -{6 a Vécto lyc nut chung F: {F}" ={-2000+R, -1383.333+R, -2000 -1166.667 0 0 R,}" voi R; : phan lyc lién két tai nut i (i= 1, 2, 7). Buc 6, Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH: [K]{Q} = {F} Hé phuong trinh PTHH thu duge : 18.75 37.5 -18.75 375. 0 0 0} {@) { -2000+R, 375 100 -375 50 0 o 0//@,| |-1333.938+R, -18,75 -37.5 28.125 -18.75 -9.375 18.75 0||Q, ~2000 10°} 37.5 50 -18.75 150 -1875 25 0|4Q,+=4 -1166.687 }(4.25) 0 0 9.375 -18.75 10.375 -18.75 -1| |Q, 0 0 0 1875 2 -18.75 60 0/|@, 0 o o 0 0 tio UTS R, Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai ton, Q; = Qo = Q; = 0, bé di hang 1, 2, 7 va c6t 1, 2, 7 cla ma tran K ta cé: 28.125 -18.75 -9.375 18.75 ](Q, 2x10" 10° -18.75 150 -18.75 25 Q, - -1166.667 -9.375 -18.75 10.375 -18.75||Q, 0 18.75 25 -18.75 50 Q. 0Giai hé trén ta thu duge: {Q, Q Q QJ" ={-0.2379 m -0.0757 rad -0.3790 m -0.015 rad}" x10" Thay vao (4.25) ta tim duge cdc phan luc lién két : {R, R, R,}"=(1621.9N 6469.6N 379N}" 4.2.2. Bai tap ty giai Bai tap 4.6 Cho céc dam véi khép quay nhu hinh 4.10a va 4.10b. Biét E=210 GPa, J=2x 10“ m4, tinh cdc chuyén vj va cdc phan lye lién két. a= 10kNim Khép quay a) b) Hinh 4.10. Dam c6 khép quay chiu Ive tap trung (a) va Ic phan bé (b) Bai tap 4.7 Khao sét dam tya ban 18 hai dau chiu hai dang lye phan bé khée nhau nhu hinh 4.11. Cho: E=200 GPa, J = 2 x 10% m*. Hay tim céc chuyén vj va cde phan lye lién két, Hinh 4.11. Dam chiu hai loai lye phan bé 61Bai tap 4.8 Cho dim ngam - tya chju lye nhu hinh 4.12, Biét J = 700 x 10° m’, E = 200 GPa. Bang m6 hinh PTHH hai phan tir hay tinh cdc chuyén vi va cae phan lyc lién két. P=50kN q= 25 kNim Hinh 4.12. Dam ngam - twa Bai tap 4.9 q= 1000 Nim M= 1250 Nm Hinh 4.13. Hé dam Id xo Khao sat hé dim va 1d xo trong hinh 4.13. Cho EJ = 2 x 10’ Nm’, k = 10* EJ (N/m). Hay xéc dinh cdc chuyén vj va cdc phan luc lién két. Bai tip 4.10 Cho hé hai dam va hai 1d xo nhu hinh 4.14. Hay thiét lap hé phuong trinh PTHH: [K]{U}= {F} biét EJ=const. Y = ik, wn 3 Wii L L Hinh 4.14. Hé hai dam va hai ld xo chiu Iwe phan b64.3. BAI TAP VE KHUNG 4.3.1. Bai tap giai mau Bai tap 4.11 Hay thiét lp ma tran d9 cimg cita cde phan tir cho hé khung trong hinh 4.15. voi E = 200 GPa, J = 40 x 10% m*, A=4 x 10° m’, Sau dé tinh toan cae chuyén vi mit va cdc phan lye lién két. LOI GIAI Buwéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé dam duge mé hinh héa véi 4 mat va 3 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 4.15. Tinh toan thira sé cua ma tran dd ctmg: EJ = 800 kNm? 20kN/m Hinh 4.15. Hé khung va mé hinh PTHH Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cae phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nat j Phan tir Qa.2 Quit Qs, Qs,2 Qa Qs Phantirt | 1 2 3 4 5 6 Phan tur 2 4 5 6 Ce 8 9 Phan tir 3 10 1 12 ie 8 9 63Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cua cdc phan tir Theo céng thirc (4.16) ta thu duge cac ma tran d6 ctmg cdc phan tir: 1. Phan tir 1: Déi voi phan ti nay :0=90° 7=cos0=0 m=sinO=1 1 2 a 4 5 6 0.444 0 0.667 -0.444 0 -0.667)1 0 333.333 0 0 ~333.333 Oo 2 k' = 800] ~0-667 0 1.333 0.667 0 0.667 |s ~0.444 0 0.667 0.444 0 0.667 |« 0 ~833.333 0 0 333.333 0 fs —0.667 0 0.667 0.667 0 1.333 |6 2. Phan tir 2 : © day, do © = 0° nén hé toa d6 toan cuc va hé toa dé dia phuong tring nhau. 4 5 ‘ our ° 250 0 0 -250 0 0 4 0 0.375 0.750 0 -0.375 0.750 |s i? =800] 9 0.750 2.0 0 -0.750 1.0 |e -250 0 0 250 0 0 7 0 -0.375 -0.750 0 0.375 -0.750|8 0 0.750 10 0 -0.750 20 |» 3. Phan tir 3: Do cach chon nit 4-3, ma tran k! va k° la nhy nhau, chi khac nhau 6 chi s6 toan cuc. 10 n 2 1 8 ° 0.444 0 0.667 -0.444 0 0.667 | 10 0 333.333 0 0 333.333 0 n 12 = 800] ~0-667 O 1.333 0.667 0 0.667 |12 0.444 0 0.667 0.444 0 0.667 |7 0 -333.333 0 0 333.333, 0 8 0.667 0 0.667 0.667 O 1,333 | 9 Bude 4. Ma tran d6 cimg chung K00356 0 -00533-00356 0 -00533 0 0 2667 0 0 2667 0 0 0 01067 Q0533 0 00533 0 0 20356 0 00533 -2 0 0 26967 0.06 0 -003 006 02667 0 -006 008 0 0 0 20356 0 00533-00356 0 00533) 26967-006 0 ~26667 0 coooo cocooo K=14| Dix 02667 -0.0533 0 00533) 0356 0 -0053: 26667 0 0.1067} Buéec 5. Vécto luc nut chung F {F}"={R, R, R, 30 -40 -26.667 0 -40 26.667 R, R, R,}" KN v6i Rj: phan luc lién két tai mit i (i = 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12). Buc 6. Giai hé phyong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Ap dung cée diéu kign bién cita bai todn: Qs = Q = Qs = Qio= Qu = Qi2 = 0. Ta sé bé di cdc hang va cdc cét 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12 cla hé dé thu duge hé 6 phuong trinh va 6 n 1a Q4, Qs, Qe, Q7, Qs, Qo. 2.0356 0 0.0533 -2 0 0 Q, 30000 0 2.6967 0.06 0 -0.03 0.06 |/Q, 40000 107 0.0533 0,06 0.2667 0 0.06 0.08 |/Q, pa —26667 -2 0 0 2.0356 O 0.0533 |/Q, 0 0 -0.03 -0.06 0 2.6967 -0.06 |/Q, -40000 0 0.06 0.08 0.0533 -0.06 0.2667]|Q, -26667 Giai hé phuong trinh nay ta thu duge cdc chuyén vi: Q,) { 0.056 m Q.| | -0.001 m Q,| _ }-0.023 rad Q,{~ } 0.055 m Q| | -0.002 m Q,} [0.006 rad S-PPPT HOU HAN 65R, -7495 N R, 29898 N ‘ ‘ R, 17391 Nm Céc phan lye lién két: She Pan IS R,,{ |-22505 N R,,| | 50102N R,,| [32200 Nm Bai tap 4.12 Hé khung trong hinh 4.16 bi ngam 6 nut 1 va tya ty do 6 nut 3, Hay xae dinh cdc chuyén vi tai cdc mit va cdc phan luc lién két, Biét cdc thong s6 vat ligu: E = 207 GPa, J= 4x 104 m‘, q= 14.5 KN, A = 64x 107 nr. 44,5 KN/m " a Hinh 4.16. Hé khung ngam — twa di dong va mo hinh PTHH LOI GIAI Buéc 1. M6 hinh PTHH Hé khung duge mé hinh héa véi 3 nut va 2 phan ti duge dénh sé nhu hinh 4.16. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cac phan tir Bac ty do Nati Natj Phan tir Qa2 Qa Qa | Osa Qs Qs Phan ti 1 7 2 3 4 5 6 Phan tir 2 4 5 6 i 7 8 9 66Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cia cdc phan tir 1. Phan tir 1: D6i voi phan tir nay : 0 = 0°; /=cos0 = 1; m= sind = 0. Ap dung céng thitc (4.16), ta thu durge ma tran d6 cimg sau : 1 2 3 4 5 ° 0.4416 0 0 —0.4416 0 0 1 0 0.0368 0.0552 0 0.0368 0.0552 |2 k' =10° 0 0.0552 0.1104 0 -0.0552 0.0552 |s 0.4416 0 0 0.4416 0 0 4 oO 0.0368 -0.0552 0 0.0368 -0.0552|5 0 0.0552 0.0552 0 0.0552 0.1104 |e 2. Phan tit 2 : O day, tacd: —8=270°: 1=cos0=0 m-=sin@=-1 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.0368 0 0.0552 -0.0368 0 0.0552 |4 0 0.4416 0 0 -0.4416 0 5 k? =10°| 09-0552 0 1.1040 ~0.0552 0 0.0552 |6 -0.0368 0. 0.0552 0.0368 0 —0.0552 |7 0 0.4416 0 0 0.4416 0 8 0.0552 0 0.0552 -0.0552 0 0.1104 }o Buée 4. Ma tran d6 ctmg chung K [ 0.4416 0 0 -04416 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0.0368 0.0552 0 = -0.0368 0.0552 0 ° 0 0 0.0552 0.1104 0 = -0.0552 0.0552 0 0 0 -0.4416 0 0 0.4784 0 0.0552 -0.0368 0 0.0552 K=10") 0 -0.0368 -0.0552 0 0.4784. -0.0552 0 -0.4416 0 0 0.0552 0.0552 0.0852 -0.0552 0.2208 -0.0552 0 0.0552 0 0 0 0.0868 0 0.0552 0.0368 0 — -0.0552 0 0 0 Oo -04416 0 0 0.4416 0 0 0 0 0.0552 0 0.0552 -0.0552 0 0.1104 Buéc 5. Vécto luc nit chung F Ap dung céng thite quy déi luc nit (4.18), ta thu duge : {F}"={R, R,-21750 R,-10875 0 -21750 10875 0 R, 0}" v6i Rj : phan luc lién két tai nut i (G=1,2,3,7). Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} 6704416 0 0 | 0.4416 0 = 0.0368 0.05520 0 0.0552 0.11040 0.4416 0 0 0.4784 10°} 0 —--0.0368 -0.0552 0 0 0.0552 0.0552 0.0552 0) o 0 -0.0368 o 0 0 0 o 0 0 0.0562 ° ° ° ° 0 1a R, 0.0368 0.05520 ° 0 |}@,) |R,-21750) 0.0552 0.0552 0 0 0 |{@,] |R, - 10875} 0 0.0552 -0.0368 0 (0.0552 ||Q, ° 0.4784 -0.0882 0 -0.4416 =O }Qp=) -21750 0.0552 0.2208 0.0552 0 —0.0552 |/Q, 10875 0 = -0.0552 0.0368 «=O 0.0552 ||, 0 ~04416 0 o 04416 ©60|1Q R, 0 0.0852 0.0552 0 — 0.1104 }[@ ° Ap dung diéu kién bién : Q: = Qo = Q3= Qs = 0, bd di cae hang va c6t tong img véi cdc chuyén vi bang 0, ta c6 : 0.4784 0 0.0552 -0.0368 0.0552 |{Q, 0 0 0.4784 -0.0552 0 0 Q, 21750 10°| 0.0552 -0.0552 0.2208 -0.0552 0.0552 |;Q,7;=4 10875 0.0368 0 -0.0552 0.0368 -0.0552||Q, 0 0.0552 0 0.0552 -0.0552 0.1104 |[Qy 0 Giai hé nay, ta c6 két qua : {Q, QQ @ Qp}"={0 -0.4802 -0,0123 0 0.2463}" x10 (m) Cuéi cing, ta c6 cdc phan lyc lién két : {R, R, R, R,}"={0 38742N 36703Nm 4758 Nj" Bai tap 4.13 14,5 kN/m a Hinh 4.17. Hé khung ban Ié — ban Ié va mé hinh PTHH 68Hé khung trong hinh 4.17 chju lién két ban 1é & mat 1 va nut 3. Hay xdc dinh cdc chuyén vj tai cdc nut va cdc phan luc lién két. Biét cdc théng sé vat ligu: E= 207 GPa, J= 4x 10% m‘, q= 14.5 KN, A= 64 x 104 m’. LOIGIAI Buéc 1, Mé hinh PTHH Hé khung duge mé hinh héa voi 3 nut va 2 phan tir duge dénh sé nhu “hinh 4.17. Budéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir ty do Nati Nat j Phan Qai2 Qsit Qsi Qy2 Qa Qy Phan tt 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 Phan tir 2 4 5 6 7 8 Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cta cdc phan tir 1. Phan tir 1: Déi vi phan tirnay:9=0°: =cos0=1 m=sin0=0 Tuong ty bai tap 4.12, ta thu duge ma tran d6 cimg sau : : 2 3 ‘ 5 6 0.4416 0 0 -0.4416 0 Oo of 0 0.0368 0.0552 0 0.0368 0.0552 |2 k=10°}] 0 0.0552 0.1104 0 — -0.0552 0.0552 |s 0.4416 0 0 0.4416 0 0 4 0 —0.0368 -0.0552 0 0.0368 -0.0552|s5 0 0.0552 0.0552 0 0.0552 0.1104 |« 2. Phan tir 2 : o day, tacd: 6=300°; /=cos0=0.5; m=sinO =-0.86603 4 5 6 1 i‘ 9 0.138 -0.1753 0.0478 -0.1380 0.1753 0.0478 ‘ 0.3404 0.0276 0.1753 -0.3404 0.0276 |s k? =10° 0.1104 -0.0478 -0.0276 0.0552 |« 0.1380 -0.1753 -0.0478 |7 d/x 0.3404 -0.0276|s 0.1104 Jo 69Buée 4. Ma tran d6 cimg chung K 84° 0 ° 84 0 oO o 0 0 0 o o 1.008 0.504 0 -1.008 0.504 o 0 o 0 oO 0 0.336 0 -0.504 0.168 0 0 0 oO 0 o 9408 0 0.604 -1008 0 0504 0 0 0 9408 -0504 0 -84 0 0 0 0 ‘| 0672 -0604 0 0168 0 0 0 Rie 40s 0 0504 -84 0 0 | (4.26) 9408 0.504 0 1.008 0.504 dix 0.672 0 -0.604 0.168 a4 00 1.008 -0.504 0.336 Buéc 5. Vécto luc nut chung F {F}" ={R, R,-21750 -10875 0 -21750 10875 R, R, 0}" voi R; : phan lye lién két tai nut i (i=1,2,7,8). Buc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Ap dung diéu kign bién : Q; = Q: = Q7= Qs = 0, bé di cdc hang va cot tuong (mg voi cdc chuyén vi bing 0, ta co : 70 1.104 0 -0.552 0.552 0 Qs 21750 5.796 ~1.7528 0.478 0.478||Q, -10875 10° 3.772 0.276 0.276 |4Q, -= 0 d/x 2.208 0.552//Q, 21750 1.104 | (|Q, 10875 Gidi hé nay, ta c6 két qua : QW a®’ ® j= {0.194 x10 rad —0,036 x10 m =0,0951 x10 m_0,0958 x10” rad -0,0085 «10° rad!’ Tir hé (4.26), ta thu duge cdc phan luc lién két: {Q, Q Q, Q,}” ={158816 19831 -15881 23669}" (N) Bai tap 4.14 ac dinh cdc chuyén vi, phan lye lién két cho khung trong hinh 4.18.Biét : M = 20 KNm, P = 10 KN, L = 1 m, E= 210 GPa, J=4 x 10% m4, A=4x 10? m? Hinh 4.18. Khung hai dau ban |8 chiu'lyc va mo hinh PTHH LOI GIAI Bude 1. M6 hinh PTHH Khung duge mé hinh héa v6i 4 nut va 3 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 4.18. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nat] Phan tir Qua ee Qy2 | Os Os, Phan tir 1 1 2 [5 6 Phan tir 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 Phan tir 3 7 8 9 10 . 1 12 Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cia cdc phan tir 1. Phan tir 1: 84 0 od a4 (0 0 1.008 0.504 0 -1.008 ke e1o8| 9 0.504 0.336 0 -0.504 gasp 0 84 0 0 1,008 -0.504 0 1,008 0. 0.504 0.168 0 -0.504 2. Phan tir 2: 0.504 0,168, -0.504 0.336 ° a a 7110° 72 Qs = 0.0000784722 rad; Q4 = 0; Qs = 0.0000685516 m 4 3 6 1 8 ° 1.008 0 0.504 -1.008 0 0.504 |* 0 oja84 in 0 0 -84 Oo |§ Kk? =10°| 0-504 0 0.386 -0.504 0 0.168 |° =1.008 0 -0,504 1.008 0 -0.504)7 0 -84 0 0 25B4 <4 [Oo [8 0.504 0 0.168 -0.504 0 0.336 |® 3. Phan tir 3 : Rsk Buéc 4, Ma tran d6 cimg chung K 84 0 0 8.4 0 o o oO oO o 0 0 1.008 0.504 0 -1.008 0.504 0 0 o o 0 oO 0.336 0 -0.504 0.168 0 0 oO o o oO 9.408 o 0.504 -1.008 0 .5 0+ oO 0 o 9.408 -0.504 0 8.4 oO o o oO 0.672 -0.504 0 0.168 0 oO 0 a 9408 0 -0504 -84 0 ° 9.408 0.504 0 -1.008 0.504 0.672 0 -0.504 0.168 da/x 84 o o 1.008 -0.504 0.336, Buéc 5. Vécto luc mit chung F {F)"={R, R, 0 0 -10 00000 R, -20}" voi Rj: phan lye lién két tai nut i (i=1,2,7,8). Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Ap dung diéu kién bién: Q: = Q. = Qui = 0, ta c6 hé- 0.336 «60 = (0.504 0.168 0 0 0 0 0 Ta)]fo 0 9408 0 0.504 -1008 0 0504 0 0 }}Q} | 0 -0.504 0 9408 -0.504 0 84 0 o 0 |/@,} J-10 0.168 0.504 -0.504 0.672 -0.504 0 0.168 0 0 |/Q | | 0 0 -1.008 0 -0.504 9.408 0 -0.504 -84 0 |1Q,|=| 0 0 0 84 0 0 9.408 0.504 0 0.504|/Q,| | 0 0 0.504 0 0.168 -0.504 0.504 0.672 0 0.168]/Q,| | 0 0 0 0 0 -84 . 0 0 84 0 JQ] | o 0 0 0 0 0 0.504 0.168 0 0,336][Q,.} [-20.Qc = 0.0000487103 rad ; Q7 = 0.0000189484 m; Qg= 0.0000703373 m Qo = -0.0000108135rad; Qio = 0.0000189484 m Qi2 = -0.000159623 rad. R, 0 Cae phan luc lign két : { R, $=4-5 kNm R,,} [| 15kN Bai tap 4.15, Khao sat dan (khung phang chiu tai trong vudng géc voi mat phang chita khung) trong hinh 4.19. Hé toa d6 toan cuc duge biéu dién trong hinh vé, Cho E=210 GPa, G = 84 GPa, J, = 16.6 x 10° m‘, J, = 4.6 x 10° m’. Tinh cdc chuyén vi tai cdc nut va néi luc trong cdc dim. 3m 2 = Hinh 4.19. Dan chiu lc va mo hinh PTHH LOIGIAI Buéc 1. M6 hinh PTHH Dan duge mé hinh héa voi 3 nit va 2 phan tir dugc danh sé nhw hinh 4.19. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nat j Phan tu Qsi2 Qsi4 Qs, Qy2 Qs. Qs Phan tir 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Phante2 | 4 6 6 7 8 9 Buéc 3. Ma tran a6 cimg cua cac phan tir 73.Ma tran d6 cimg dia phuong cia phan tir dan duge tinh theo céng thite : 1284, 6EJ, 128d, 6B, PP Eo Eo be eat 0. Se op 9 pgates 0 L L 6B, , 4B 6B, 2H, e bya a: [ L K, (427) EJ, 9 _6BJ, WEI, _ SE, v y 6 r Gy, Gs ot. 6 g - ee ro i; L 6EJ, 2EJ, _6EJ, ABI, LE L i L Ma tran chuyén ddi tir hé toa d6 dia phuong sang hé toa dé chung cua dan cé dang : (4.28) coooor ° coonwo eorooceo eocoo ew2ococe -s Trong dé : 0 1a géc xoay toa dé nguge chiéu kim déng hé tir truc x cla hé toa dé chung sang truc x’ cia hé toa dé dia phuong (trong mat phiing x-z) va: X—% c= cos0= 7 a s=sin0= Cuéi cing, ta thu duge ma tran d6 cimg cla phan tir dan: K=T'KyT (4.29) 1, Phan tir 1: D6i voi phan tir nay hé toa dé dia phuong va hé toa dé toan cyc tring nhau. 27% =1; s=sin0= =0 e=cos0= Hom q ee. =1.55x10'; S82. pre = 282x108 74ee =0.128x10"; SBP 2 4.65010" Ap dung céng thitc (4.27) ta thu duge : 155 0 2.382 -1.55 0 2,32 0.128 0 oO -0.128 0 4.65 -2.32 0 2.325 ki =10* j 165 0 ~2.82 d/x 0.128 0 4.65 100000 010000 7 .|9 91000 “"}000100 000010 000001 Str dung céng thite (4.29), ta thu duge : i! = [T.,}* [ks ][T.]= [4] 2. Phan tir 2: Déi véi phan tir nay ta cd : c=cos0 44-0 1 s=sin® 1.55 0 232 -155 0 232 0128 0° 0 0.128 0 4.65 -2.32 0 2,325 2 ==10¢ Ko 1765-4 BG 308 S65 a/x 0.128 0 4.65 100000 00-1000 7.01 9000 "lo 00100 00 000-1 000010 75Sir dung céng thite (4.29), ted: k? =[T,, J [k? Jr, ]=[k3 ] 1.55 2.32 0 -155 2.32 0 4.65 0 -2.32 2.325 0 0.128 40 0 = -0.128 ene 5518 1.55 -232 0 da/x 4.65 0 0.128 Buéc 4. Ma tran 46 cimg chung K Phan lap ghép ma tran d6 ctmg téng danh cho déc gia. Buéc 5. Vécto luc nut chung F {F)"={R, R, R, -22 0 0 R, R, R,}” voi R; : phan luc lién két tai nut i (i = 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9). Buée 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Ap dung diéu kién bién : Q; = Qo = Q3 = Q7 = Qs = Qy = 0, bé di cc hang va c6t tuong img voi cdc chuyén vi bang 0, ta cd : eT] {Q, @, Qq}" ={-0.00259 m 0.00126 rad -0.00126 rad}" 2.32 4.78 O 3.10 2.32 -2.32 10* 2.32 0 4.78 Giai hé nay, ta thu duge: NGi luc tai cdc nut cla phan tir thir i duge x4c dinh nhu sau : {fi} = Io] (Tcl a 1. Phan tir 1: 0 0 0 0.00259 0.00126 0.00126 [a Ka}, = 76f, 155 0 232 -155 0 2.32 ° u m,, 0.128 0 O -0128 0 0 15 m, | 9s 4.65 -232 0 2.325 BS obs jot 155 0 -2.32]]-0.00259/- )-11 My, a/x 0.128 =©0 |} 0.00126] | 1.5 m,, 4.65 |{-0.00126} [1.5 2. Phan tir 2: Tuong tu, ta cd: f -11 kN ma, 1.5 kNm m,,[_|-1.5 kNm f, { ] 11 kN m,,| |-1.5 kNm m,,} {-31 kNm 4.3.2. Bai tip tw giai Bai tap 4.16 Hay xac dinh cac chuyén vi va trong hinh 4.20a va hinh 4.20b. 30kNm Hinh 4.20a. Khung vudng chiu lve cc ndi hye tai cdc nut cha cdc khung E=70GPa A=3x 10? m* 2 m= 3x 104m} Hinh 4.20b. Khung tam giac chiu lve 77Bai tap 4.17 Tim cdc chuyén vi va phan luc 1ién két cua khung trong hinh 4.21. E=210 GPa A=1x 107m? J=2x 10% m* kN 5kNm oa Hinh 4.21. Khung gém 3 dam chiu lye Bai tap 4.18 15 kN/m E=210GPa A=1x10? m* J=2x 10% m* 4m Hinh 4.22. Khung ch@ nhat Tinh cdc chuyén vi va cc phan lyc lién két cho khung trong hinh 4.22. 73Bai tap 4.19 Hinh 4.23b. Dan tam gidc Xac dinh cdc chuyén vi va ngi lye tai cac nut cla cdc dan trong hinh 4.23a va hinh 4.23b. Cho: E = 210 GPa, G = 84 GPa, J, = 2 x 10% m‘, J.= 10% m4, A = 10? m’. Bai tip 4.20 Xée dinh cde chuyén vj va n6i luc tai cdo nut cia dan chit nhat 6 hinh 4.24. Cho: E= 210 GPa, G = 84 GPa, J, =2 x 10% m‘, J, = 107 m‘, A = 107 m’. Hinh 4.24. Dan ch? nhat chiu lye tap trung 79Cheong 5 PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG BAI TOAN HAI CHIEU 5.1. LY THUYET Xét phan tir tam gidc bién dang hing sé, ba nut 6 dinh, mdi nut c6 hai chuyén vi. Vécto chuyén vi u tai m6t diém bat ky duge xac dinh béi: u=[u v]" (5.1) Vécto chuyén vi nut phan tir: G={h G2 > Goh (6.2) Hinh 5.1. Roi rac két cdu bang phan tir tam giac Bang ghép ni cac phan ti: 80Phan Pcl 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 12 “4 3 4 13 14 1 12 3 3 4 5 6 13 14 10 13 14 9 10 21 22 Quy wée: Duing di tit nit dau dén nut cudi trong mdi phan tir theo chiéu ngugc chiéu kim ding hd. 4(0,0) g 2(1,0) Hinh §.2. Phan tir quy chiéu va phan tty thyc tam gide Ham dang N= 1-t-4 Na=& No=n (5.3) Biéu dign chuyén vj qua céc ham dang va cdc chuyén vj ndt cla n6 nhu sau: u=Nq (5.4) Trong dé : wf" 0 WW, oa (555) 0M 0 NM, 0 N, Bién dang dugc xc dinh bai: 6.PpPT HUW HAN 81e=Bq (5.6) Trong d6: Xij = Xj Dy Fy: vic 3-[ e| Xs Yan a. ea 1 ee, De Ma O Sah Xq 0 % 0 Xn G.7) Xe Yeo %s Ya Xn Yue \det JJ= 2A (5.8) A la dién tich tam giac. Ma tran d6 cing cia phan tir tam gic Kk =t,A,B" DB (5.9) t la do day ca phan tir; A, la dién tich cia phan tir, B 14 ma tran lién hé bién dang chuyén vj nut cia phan tir; D 1 ma tran lién hé tng suat-bién sere. Quy déi lic thé tich Goi f° la vécto lye nut quy déi tir lye thé tich, ta c6: peti i fy fe AF 610 Quy déi luc dién tich Gia str canh /,_, chju tac dung cia luc kéo T, va Ty (hinh 5.3). Hinh 5.3. Lyc tac dung trén canh phan tir 82Goi f° 1a vécto lye nut quy d6i tir luc dién tich, ta cé: etl T et, Tr. Tay ht, (5.11) Ap dung nguyén ly cye tiéu hod thé nang toan phan, ta thu dugc hé phuong trinh PTHH: KQ=F (5.12) Ung sudt Tw hé phyong trinh PTHH (5.12), ta tinh dugc chuyén vi nut Q, sau dé, tinh due chuyén vi nit cho timg phan tir q va img sudt trong cdc phan tir dé: o=DBq (5.13) Ung sudt chinh va phuong chinh duge xéc dinh nho yong Mohr img suat. 5.2. BAI TAP 5.2.1. Bai tip gidi mau Bai tip 5.1 (2.40, 1.65) (1.5, 1.0) Hinh 5.4a. Tam tam giae chiu lye Hinh 5.4b. Mé hinh PTHH Khao sat m6t phan tir tim tam gidc img sudt phang bing thép véi E = 200 GPa, v = 0.32 nhw hinh 5.4a. Tdm cé chiéu day 3 mm, toa d6 cac dinh do bang cm, t4m chju luc tap trung P va luc phn bé q. XAc dinh ma tran d6 cing chung va vécto yc nut chung cita phan ti. 83LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH TAm dugce m6 hinh héa bing phan tir tam gidc phing 3 nut va dugc dénh sé nhu hinh 5.4b. Buée 2. Bang ghép néi phan tir Bac ty do Nati Natj Nat k Phan tir Qa. Qai Qa Qy Qaxet Qax Phan ti 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cia phan tr Tinh toan cdc gia tri trung gian : ¥23 = Y2 — y3= 1.65 -1.0= 0.65 x32=x3—xX2= 1.5-2.40=-0.9 ya = 3 — y1 = 1.0—0.75 = 0.25 x13 =x) — X3= 2.25 — 1.5=0.75 yi2= yi — y2= 0.75 — 1.65 =-0.9 x21 = x2 ~ x1 = 2.40 —2.25 = 0.15 Tacé: Det J=2A = xo y31 — X31 y21 = 0.7125 cm? D6i véi bai todn tg sudt phing : lv 0 Daraly 1 0 0 2 2 Ap dung céng thire (5.7), ta cé : 065 0 025 0 -09 0 -04 0 075 O 015 Bae 0.7125 | 09 0.65 0.75 0.25 0.15 -0.9 065 O -09 0 -0.9 0.65 Bre 1 0.25 0 0.75 0.7125 0 0.75 0.25 09 0 0.15 0 016 -0.9 84Cudi cung, theo céng thirc (5.9), ta thu duge 065 0 -09 0 -0.9 0.65 0.7125 22281640 7130125 0 8x75 1085 .-0. , 0.75 baad kes 2 | 7130125 22281640 0 O72 | 0 0.75 0.25|} "4 0: NS eq6%68 09 0 015 0 015 -0.9 0.65 0 025 0 -09 0 0 -04 0 0.75 O 0.15 -0.9 0.65 0.75 0.25 0.15 -0.9 Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 cimg chung K 3273759 -1811146 -314288 372924 ~-2959471 1438221 -1811146 4473449 439769 -2907167 1371376 -1566282 314288 439769 1190309 580495 -876020 -1020265 (N/em) 372924 -2907167 580495 2738296 -953420 168871 ~2959471 1371376 -876020 -953420 3835491 -417957 1438221 -1566282 -1020265 168871 -417957 1897411 Buée 5. Thiét lap vécto lye nut chung F Vécto Iue nit quy déi tir lye phan bd: P, 1200) (142 By 0 0 7 7 Fe Hay : _0.8)(2.25 2 + (0.75 - 1.0) ¢ _ . (ky) P, 0 0 2 1200} [142 Vécto hye mit quy déi tir Ive tap trung: 0 o 0 0 0 Q,| _ |-500cos(50°)| _|-321 Fy =f eh i (kN) Fp Q, | ]-500sin60°){~ }-383 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vécto luc nat chung F: {F}"={-142 0 -321 -383 142 0}" (KN) 85Bai tap 5.2 Tim cac chuyén vi va img sudt cia tam trong hinh 5.5a. Tam duge chia thanh hai phan ti tam gidc phang. Cho: E = 2.10° N/mm’, v = 0.25, chiéu day tim t= 15 mm. LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Tdm dugc mé hinh héa véi 4 nut va 2 phan tir tam gide duge danh sé Hinh 5.5b. M6 hinh PTHH nhu hinh 5.5b. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nat j Nutk Phan Qe Qai Qa Qa Qa Qu Phan ti 1 fl 2 5 6 7 8 Phan tir 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 86Buéc 3. Ma tran a6 cimg cia cdc phan tir 1, Phan tir 1: Toa d6 cdc mit: 1(0, 0), 2(750, 500) va 3(0, 500) det J = 2A = 750x500 0 0 500 0 -500 0 Oo -750 0 0 0 750 750 O 0 500 750 -500 0 0 10-1 0 0 -1600 0 15 a © 750x500} x ad -15 0 01165 -1 ep pee oe Wige omits: 1-v 0 @+0)a—20) . 0 0 1-2v 2 gp [075 025 0 3.10 (SS 0.25 0.75 0 |=0.2x10']1 3 0 eee 90 0.25 001 1 2 5 6 1 8 225 0 O -15 -225 1.5 |" 0 675 -15 0 16 6.75? k'=tAB"DB=100000]) 0 -15 3 oO -3 15° -15 0 OF 1°45 -1 1° -2.25 15 -3 15 6.25 -3 |" 15° 6.75 15 -1 -3 7.75|° 2. Phan tir2: Toa d6 cdc nit: —1(0, 0), 2(750, 0), 3(750, 500) det J = 2A = 750x500 8*1. 0 D=0.2x10}1 3 0 001 -500 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 -750 0 750 0 -500 -750 500 750 0 SLO ghenegriapharo! 0 0 0 -15 0 15 0 -1-15 1°15 0 i pe | 750x500 ae 750 871 oh:0810 10 0 0 -1 15x750x500. 1 ]1 0 -1.5| 0.2x10° i = taB DB w= 25% 7502509) 0.4 Ox Ads 2 “7650/0 -15 1 | 760 ~ 0 0 15 0 15 2-3 3 0 8 -16 0°16 xJ-1 0 1 -45 0 46 0 -1-15 1 #15 0 ie a ‘ . 6 3 0 -8 15 O ~-16]' Oo 1 16 -1 -15 0 |? =10°} -3 15 525 -3 -225 15 |* 16-1 -38 7.75 15 -6.75)* 0 -15 -225 11 225 o |° -15 0 15 -675 0 6.25 |* Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 cing chung K 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 5500 8.0 16 0«60) 8.0 -2.25 1.5 0 726° 15 -10 -30 0 15 626 “30 15 525 -30 -2.25 15 0 0 K=107} 15 -10 -3.0 7.26 15 -6.75 0 -0 0 -3.0 -225 15 6.25 0 -30 15 395.0 5-16 '-675 0 7.75 16 -10 -2.25 1.5 0 0 -3.0 1.5 5.25 -3.0 15 675 0 0 15 -10 -30 7.75 Buéc 5. Vécto luc nit chung F {F}"=(R, R, 0 R, 50000 0 R, R,}” vi Rj : phan lyc lién két tai nut i (i=1, 2, 4, 7, 8). Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} 8855 0 -30 15 0 -30 -2.25 15)(Q, R, 0 #725 15 -10 -30 0 15 625/1Q, R, -30 15 525 -30 -225 15 0 0 |/Q, 0 15 -10 -30 725 15 -6.75 0 0 ||Q, R, togoog O -3.0 -2.25 1.5 6.25 0 -3.0 1.5 ||Q, *)50000 -3.0 0 15 -675 0 7.75 1.5 -1.0//Q, 0 2.25 15 0 0 -3.0 15 5.25 -3.0//Q, R, 15 675 0 0 15 -1.0 -3.0 7.75](Q, R, Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai todn : Q) = Qo = Qu = Q7 = Qz =0. Sau khi bé di cdc hang va cdc c6t 1, 2, 5, 6 ta thu duge hé sau : 5.25 -2.25- 1.5 ](Q, 0 100000) -2.25 5.25 0 |;Q,}={50000 15-0 7.75||Q, 0 Giai hé nay, ta cé : {Q}"={0 0 0.53661 0 0.118236 -0.010459 0 0}" (mm) Dé tinh tmg suat trong cdc phan tit, 4p dung cng thite (5.13) : {o} = DBq oO 0 -15 30 -3 16 2 -5.584 {ojo “| 0-45.10 -1 ‘ poe | =) (N/mm*) 750 0 =15 0 0 1-165 -1 5.000 0.118236 0.010459 0 30 8 -16 0 15 ° 9.877 E Oo 1 -45 0 “| ooenest “a (N/mm*) 0-1-1510 15 OJ], joogg| (5.008 0.010459 0.2.x 10 750 Bai tap 5.3 Xéc dinh vécto lye mit chung cia phan ti tam gide phing chju cac lye phan bé nhu hinh 5.6. 89Hinh 5.6. Phan tir tam gide chiu Ive phan bd LOI GIAL Tam duge mé hinh bang 3 nut va | phan ti phang tam gidc duge danh sé nhw hinh 5.6. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do. Nati | Nut j Nat k Phan tir Qais Qa Oy Q3 Qaes Qu | 1 2 3 4 8 6 Thiét lap vécto luc nut chung Quy déi lye nut - a hy: w=") 0 an ay ae aul” Quy déi ue nut trén canh [13 : tl WiP=Ga G2 0 0 de a2}Quy d8i lye nit trén canh lig: PIF = "fa, a as ayn 0 Of Leen + bees Layo + bodys hoe thas | t i F: P= in Vécto lye nut chung {F.} ln thats [2 besQar + hada boa + haQye Bai tap 5.4 y 3 (0, 0.0254) 1 (0, -0.0254) Qa Hinh 5.7a. Tam tam giéc phang Hinh 5.7b. Mé hinh PTHH XAc dinh ma tran dé cimg chung cia tam tam Bie img suat phang trong hinh 5.7a, biét E = 207 GPa, v = 0.25 va chiéu day tém t = 0.0254 m. Gia sir cdc chuyén vi nit 1a: {Q}"={0 6.35 3.048 0 0 6.35}"x10~ (m), hay tim tng suat trong tém. LOI GIAI Buée I. Mé hinh PTHH Tém duge mé hinh héa béi 3 nut va 1 phan tir tam giac nhu hinh 5.7b Buéc 2. Lap bang ghép néi céc phan tir Bac ty do Noti Natj Nat k Phan tir ais Qa; Qa Qy Qaxs On Phan tr 4 2 3 4 5 6 91Buée 3. Tinh ma tran d6 cimg cia phan tir -1 020-10 B=9,84252;}0 -200 0 2 -2.-102 2 -1 1 0.25 0 1 025 0 0.25 1 0 |=2208x10°/0.25 1 0 |N/m? 25 _ 207x10° 1-(0.25)" 0 0 0 k = 0.0254 x 0.00129082 x 9.84252 x 2208 x 10° x 9.84252 x 0 1 0.25 0 -1 020-10 x/0.25 1 oO |x}O 2000 2 0 0 0.375] |-2 -102 2 -1 Budéc 4. Thiét lap ma tran 46 cimg chung K 1.7526 0.8763 -1.4021 -1.0516 -0.3505 0.1753 0.8763 3.0671 -0.7010 -0.5258 ~-0.1753 -2,5413 K=10 1.4021 -0.7010 2.8042 0 ~1.4021 0.7010 (Nim) ~1.0516 -0.5258 0 1.0516 1.0516 -0.5258 ~0.3505 ~-0.1753 -1.4021 1.0516 1.7526 -0.8763 0.1753 -2.5413 0.7010 -0.5258 ~0.8763 3.0671 Tinh cdc thanh phan (mg suat trong tim: °, 1 025 0 6, }=2208x10°x10.25 1 0 |x9.84252x ly 0 0 0.375. 0 Bla te8a eT asenteede 0 2000 2°) 2-102 2 -1 0 0.000635 o,= 1.324810 © 6,= 033125108 Ais 4 = -1.0350.00° S beBai tap 5.5 Hay xac dinh cac chuyén vi nat, img sudt trong cdc phan tir va cdc phan luc lién két cha tim trong hinh vé, biét : E= 200 GPa, v = 0.25, t= 0.05 m = 1kNim Hinh 5.8. Tam chiu lye LOIGIAI Bwéc 1. Mé binh PTHH ‘Tam due mé hinh héa véi 5 nut va 4 phan tir phding tam gide nhw hinh 5.8. Buéec 2, Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir [Bac ty do “Neti Natj Nit k Phan tir Qa Qa Oey: Qy | Gar | Qu Phantyt =| 1 t 2 3s 4 9 10 Phan tir 2 lnssle sn 8 | 10 7 8 Phan tir 3 7 t 8 9 10 5 6 Phan tir 4 3 4 5 6 9 10 Buéc 3. Ma tran 46 cimg cia cdc phan tir E l-v v 0 24 08 0 D=——_—_~—-| v _ l-v © |=10"/0.8 24 0 (1+ v)(1-2v) 0 0 a 0 oO 08 931. Phan tir 1: Toa d6 cdc nut: 1(0, 0), 2(2, 0) va 5(1, 1) A'=1 J'=2 0.82 0-06. 0 50 0 -05 0 -05 0 0.5 -05 -0.5 05 1 04 0.2 02 0 -02 -0.2 04 0 02 -02 -06 0.4 -0.2 -0.2 02 oro k' =10" 04 0.2 -0.6 dix 0.4 0 1.2 2. Phan tir 2: Toa d6 cdc nut: 1(0, 0), 5(1,1), 4(0, 2) A’=1 P=2 05 0 10 -05 0 0. °-0.5. 0 0 .0.,. 06. -0.5 -05 01 05 -05 04 02 -06 -02 0.2 0 O04 -0.2 0:2) Dw 02 12 0 -06 0.2 i wig 04 0.2 -0.2 * d/x 0.4 -0.2 0.4 3. Phan tir 3: Toa d6 cdc nut: 4(0, 2), 5(1, 1) va 3(2, 2) A=1 P=2 -05 0 0 0 05 0 0 05 0 -1 0 06 05 -05 -1 0 05 05 0.4 -0.2 -02 0.2 -02 0 04 02 -06 0 02 04 0 -0.2 -0.2 k* = 10" 12 -02 -06 a/x 04 0.2 0.4 944, Phan tir 4: Toa dé cdc nuit: 2(2, 0), 3(2, 2), 5(1, 1) A‘=1 t=2 05 #0 05 0 -1 0 B,=| 0 -05 0 05 0 0 -0.5 05 05 05 0 -1 04 -02 02 0 -06 0.2 04 O -02 02 -0.2 04 0.2 -06 -0.2 k‘ =10" ie 04 -0.2 -0.2 d/x 12 «#0 0.4 Buéc 4. Ma tran d6 ctmg chung K 08 04 -02 0 0 0.02 0 -08 -0.4 04 08 O O02 O 0 0 -0.2 -0.4 -08 0.2 0 08 -04 02 0 0 0 -08 0.4 0 02 -04 08 O -02 O 0 04 -08 9 0 02 O O08 04 -02 0 -08 -04 0 0 Oo -02 04 08 O 0.2 -04 -0.8 02 #0 0 0 -02 0 08 -0.4 -0.8 0.4 o -02 0 0 0 02 -04 08 04 -08 -0.8 -04 -08 04 -08 -04 -08 04 32 0 -04 -08 04 -08 -04 -08 04 -08 0 32 Buéc 5. Vécto luc nit chung F K=10" {F}"={R, R, -500 R, -600 R, R, R, 0 0}” v6i Rj : phan lyc lién két tai nut i (i=1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8). Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K] {Q} = {F} Ap dung cdc diéu kién bién, bé di cdc hang va c6t 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, tacé: 08 02 -08 0.4]/Q, -500 02 08 -0.8 -0.4]]Q; -500 10” = -08 -08 32 0 ||/Q, 0 04 -04 0 32 }(Qo 0 Giai hé nay ta thu duge : {Q@, QQ, Qo} ={-8.333 -8.333 -4.167 0}"x 10° (m) 95CAc phan luc lién két : {R, R, R, R, R, R,}"={500 166.667 166.667 -166.667 500 -166.667}" (N) Dé tinh tmg suat trong cdc phan tu, ap dung céng thitc (5.13) : {e}, = [PIB] {a}, 6 day : {a},={0 0 -8.333 0 -4.167 0}"x 10° {a}, ={0 0 -4.167 0 0 0}"x 10° {a},={0 0 -4.167 0 -8.333 0}"x 10° {a}, ={-8.333 0 -8.333 0 ~4.167 0}"x 10° Do dé: {o, 5, Ty}, = {-9.996 3.332 -0.0004}"x 10° (N/m?) {o, 9, ty}, ={-10.001 -3.334 0}"x 10° Nim’) {o, 9, ty}, = {-9.9996 3.3332 0.0004}"x 10° (N/m*) {o, 9, Ty}, = {-9.9984 3.3328 0}"x 10° (N/m?) 5.2.2. Bai tap ty gidi Bai tap 5.6 Cho t4m méng chju kéo nhu hinh 5.9. Bang cach sir dung hai phan tir tam gidc phing, x4c dinh cc chuyén vi nut va tmg sudt trong phan tur, biét E = 207 GPa, v = 0.3, chiéu day tam t = 0.0254 m. Hinh 5.9. Tam chju kéoBai tap 5.7 Xe dinh vécto luc mat chung cia phan tir tam gidc trong hinh 5.10. Hinh 5.10. Tam tam giac chiu lye phan bé trén mét canh Bai tap 5.8 Thiét lap ma tran 46 cimg chung cho tém tam gidc trong cdc hinh 5.11a va hinh 5.11b. Cho: E = 200 GPa, v = 0.25, t= 0.01 m, L=1m Hinh 5.11a. Tam tam gidc 1 phan ti? ~~ Hinh 5.11b. TAm tam gidc 2 phan tly Bai tap 5.9 Hay xc dinh cdc chuyén vi va img suat trong cdc tm & cdc hinh 5.12a va 5.12b. Biét: E= 210 GPa, t= 2 mm, v= 0.3. 7-PPPT HUU HAN 97Hinh 5.12a. Tam ch@ nhat chiu kéo Hinh 5.12b. Tam vu6ng chiu kéo Bai tap 5.10 Hinh 5.13b. Tam vuéng chiu lye tap trung Hinh 5.13b. Tam vudng chiu Ive phan bé Xe dinh cdc chuyén vj va tmg sudt trong cdc tim vudng 6 cdc hinh 5.13a va 5.13b. Biét: E = 200 GPa, t= 2 mm, v = 0.25. 98Chutong 6 PHAN TU TU GIAC 6.1. LY THUYET Vécto chuyén yj mit cla phan tt tir gidc 4 nut, mdi mut c6 2 bac ty do duge ky hiéu bi: a={a, a a)” (6.1) Hinh 6.1. Phan tir te gide 4 nut Ham dang N, = 4(0-8)(-) N,=(1+8)(1-n) : (6.2) N,=3(1+8)(.+n) N, =2(1-2)(1+n) Truong chuyén vi cia diém trong phan tir duge xée dinh theo chuyén vj nit: u=Nq (6.3) 99Trong a6 :~'=] o N, 0 N, 0 N, ‘ 0 N, 0 N, 0 N, ON, —Bién dang duge xac dinh béi: & e=4e, }= Bg (6.4) Yay GO day: B=AG (6.5) y= 2[ Gn) (2 x1) + (+n) — x4) a | 4|(1-E)(,-m1)+(2+ 8) M2) (L-E)(¥a-¥1) + (1+ E)(Vs =e) a[9u Ju “(da des (6.6) , [ia te 9 0 An aed s Fs = = nay Ian Se 62) n-1 0 I-n 0 l+n 0 -I-n 0 > ww (E..n,) (6.17) Aa iain Tich phan ma tran d6 ctmg : Dat: ©(E,n)=t,(BTDB det J), (6.18) 101tacd: ky = wy" (E,,m) + w,w,0(E, ny) + w2W,P(E, m1) + w2"(E, m2) (6.19) Trong dé: al fr =n, =-0,57735; €, =n, = 0,57735, $= oR Hinh 6.2. Biém Gauss theo quy tac tich phan 2 diém 6.2. BAI TAP 6.2.1. Bai tap giai mau Bai tap 6.1 Tinh ma tran B v6i diém Gauss (0.57735, 0.57735) cho phan ti ti gide hinh 6.3a, Sau 46 giai thich cdch lip ghép ma tran d6 cimg cia phan tir. 1 60 mm 2 Hinh 6.3a. Tam hinh binh hanh Hinh 6.3b. Mé hinh PTHH 102LOIGIAI Buéc 1, Mé binh PTHH Tam duge mé hinh héa bang phan tir tir gidc phing 4 nut nhu hinh 6.3b. Toa do Dé-cdc cita cdc mut: 1 (0, 0), 2 (60, 0), 3 (65.7735, 10), 4 (5.7735, 10) Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi phan tir Bac ty do Nati Not j Nat k Nat! Phan tir Gas Qa a1 | Qj | ans | Qa | Qas | Qa Phan tir 1 1 2 3 4 Ss [8 7 8 Bude 3. Ma tran a6 cimg cia phan tir Ap dung céng thitc (6.6), ta cé: Si = -0.10566x0 + 0.10566%60 + 0.39438x65.7735— 0.39438 x 5.7735 0.0000 Jin = 0 + 0 + 0.39438 x 10 — 0.39438 x 10=0 Ini = 0 — 0.39438 x 60 + 0.39438 x 65.7735 + 0.10566 x 5.7735 = 2.88698 Jaa = 0 + 0 + 0.39438 x 10 + 0.10566 x 10 = 5.0000 Do dé: al at ‘| 2.88698 5 Theo cng thitc (6.7), ta thu duge : 0.033333 -0.019246 0 0 A= 0 oO 0 0.166667 0 0.166667 0.033333 ~0.019246 Theo céng thirc (6.8), ta cd: 0.10566 0 0.10566 0 099488 0 0.39438 0 0.10566 0 -0.39488 0 0.39438 0 0.10566 0 . 0 =-0.10566 0 0.10566 «860 (0.39488 = 0,39438 Lt 0 ~-0.10566 0 -0.3949g 0 0.39438 0 ~0.10566 Cudi cing, ta thu duoc: 103B=AG= 1.48843x10° 0 QI1I2 0 5.55563x10° 0 -0,022915 0 0 -0.01761 0 -0.06573 0 0.06573 0 0.0176 -0.01761 1.48843x10° -0.06573 0.11112 0.06573 5.55563x10° 0.01761 0.01517 Céch lap ghép ma tran d6 cimg cua phan tir Ma tran D cho bai todn (mg sudt phiing hay bién dang phing da biét, duge tinh toan tir céc dic trung co hoc cla tim (E, v). Theo céng thite : Ky) =tB" DB x W, x W; ta thu duge phan dong gop cia diém Gauss thir nhat (0.57735, 0.57735) vao ma tran d6 ctmg chung (6 day W; = 1). Tuong ty, tinh toan phin dong gdp cua cac diém Gauss thir hai (0.57735, -0.57735), thir ba (-0.57735, 0.57735) va thi tr (-0.57735, -0.57735) roi tién hanh phép cong ma tran, ta cé ma tran dé etmg chung : K = Ka) + Ka) + Ka) + Ka) Bai tap 6.2 Tdm tir gidc 6 chiéu day t= 20 mm chiu luc phan bé nhu hinh 6.4. X4c dinh vécto lye nut chung, biét T, = 10 N ‘mm’, Ty=15N /mm’. y 4 (300, 500) 3.(700, 700) 1 (200, 100) 2 (800, 300) Hinh 6.4. Tam chiu lc phan bé x LOIGIAI M6 hinh PTHH Tdm duge m6 hinh bang 4 nut va 1 phan tir phang chit nhat duge danh s6 nhu hinh 6.4. 104Bang ghép néi céc phan tit Bac ty do Nati Nat j Nat k Phan ti Quit Qa Qa Qa, Qa Qa Phan tir 1 4 2 5 6 7 8 Vécto luc nit chung F Theo céng thite (6.12): 1, = ¥(700-300)' + (700-500) = 447.21 (mm) t= 20 mm; Tx = 10 N/mm’; T, = 15 N/mm? Cuédi cung, ta thu duge : {FY ={0 0 0 0 44721.36 67082.04 44721.36 67082.04}" (N) Bai tap 6.3 Xac dinh ma tran d6 ctmg cia phan tir tam chit nhat trong hinh 6.5 sir dung tich phan sé Gauss 4 diém. Biét : E = 207GPa, v = 0.25, t = lem. Cac kich thuéc do bang m. Cac diém Gauss lan Ivot 1a : (E1, m1) = (0.5773, -0.5773) (€2, m) = (0.5773, -0.5773) (€2, n2) = (0.5773, 0.5773) (Ei, n2) = (0.5773, 0.5773) Va cdc ham trong sé : W) = W2 = W3 = W4= 1 y (3,4) 6,4) Hinh 6.5. Phan tir tr gidc 105LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Tdm duge mé hinh héa bang phan tir ttr gidc phing 4 nut nhu hinh 6.5. Budéc 2. Bang ghép néi phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nuit j Notk Natl Phan te ~Qar [| Qa | Qar | Gy | Qari] Qa | Qui] Qa Phantet | 1 oa [ers 4 5 6 7 8 Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cia phan tur Theo céng thie tich phan sé : K = BG, DG sm dou (Gon IG, + BCEssm)! DBE.) deH (Eas HM, (6.20) + BLE)" DBE, 1) 40t I Es WW, + BE.) DAE 7.) det (Em, WM} Ap dung cae céng thite (6.5), (6.6), (6.7) va (6.8) cho timg diém Gauss ri thay vao céng thitc trén ta sé c6 ma tran do ctmg chung [K]. Sau day, ta tién hanh tinh todn cy thé cho diém Gauss thir nhdt : (1, 11) = (0.5773, 0.5773) 0 aten=[f ‘| 1000 ACE,n)=|0 0 0 1 io a1 6 ~0.1057 0 0.3943 0 0 -0,1057 0 0.3943 0.10570 0 0.3943 0.3943 0 «0.8948, 0.3943 0 0.10870 (0.10870 GErm)=| "9 oge43 0.948 0.1057 0 0.8943 «0 -0,1057 0.1057 0.3943 0 0.8948. «S«0Ss«.08T—O Ben) =| 9 ~0.3943 0 ~0.1057 0.1057 ia 0.3943 0.1057 0.3943 0.1057 0.1087 2,2080 0.5520 0 D=10"1 0.5520 2.2080 0 0 0 0.8280 106 0.3943 -0.1057Tirdé,tacé: —t{BE, ,n, "DBE, m, )det(JEE,.n,)W,W,} = 4.7207 2.1458 -3.0882 -1.0575 -1.2651 -0.5751 -0.3674 -0.5133 4.7207 -0.5133 3674 -0.5751 -1.2651 -1.0575 3.0882 3.5257 -0.5751 0.8276 0.1876 -1.2651 0.9508 1.5340 0.2834 0.0985 1.3491 -1.2651 #105 0.3390 0.1541 0.0985 0.1376 a/x 0.3390 0.2834 0.8276 1.5340 -0.5751 3.6257 | Tién hanh tinh toan tong ty cho 3 diém Gauss cdn lai va thay vao céng thite (6.20), cudi cing ta tha duge ma tran d6 cimg cia phan tir : 1.012 0.345 -0.598 -0.069 -0.506 -0.345 0.092 0.069 1.012 0.069 0.092 ~0,345 -0.506 -0.069 -0.598 1.012 -0.345 0.092 -0.069 ~0.506 0.345 1.012 0.069 -0.598 0.345 -0.506 K=10° 1.012 0.345 -0.598 -0.069 a/x 1.012 0.069 0.092 1.012 ~0.345 : 1.012 Bai tip 6.4 Khio sat tiép tim kim loai trong hinh 6.5, véi cing cdc théng sé hinh hoc va vat ligu. Gia str chuyén vi cua cac nut da biét : {Q}"={0 0 0.0254 0.0381 0.0762 0.04064 0 03" x 10° (m). Hay xae dinh cdc tg sudt ox, oy, try trong tm tai diém (é, n) = (0, 0). LOI GIAI Lap lai cdc tinh toan & bude 3 trong bai tap 6.3 voi diém (E = 0 ; n = 0), taco: 0.25 0 025 0 02 0 -025 0 BO,0)=| 0 0.25 0 025 0 025 0 0.25 0.25 -0.25 -0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 -0.25 107Ap dung céng thire (6.9) : ¢ = D B q, ta thu duge : o,) (5643372 o, } = 41542288 (Nim*) ae 2681478 Khao sat tim hinh thang véi kich thuéc nhu hinh 6.6a. Tém bi ngam & canh trai, canh phia trén chiu lye phan bé q = 20 N/m, hai canh con lai tw do. Cac théng sé cua vat ligu: E = 3 x 10’ Pa, v = 0.3, t= 1 cm. Hay xac Bai tap 6.5 dinh ma tran d6 cimg, cdc chuyén vi, img suat va bién dang cla tam sir dung phuong phap tich phan Gauss 4 diém. q=20N/m pb fp yy yr — 3 (2, 0.5) 2 (0,0) Hinh 6.6a. Tam ngam chiu lye Hinh 6.6b. M6 hinh PTHH LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Tam duge m6 hinh héa bing phan tt tir gidc phdng 4 nut nhu hinh 6.6b. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi phan tir Bac ty do Nati Natj Nat k Nat! Phan tir Qa Qa; Qasr | Qq | Gar | Qa | Qar | Qa Phan tir 1 q z 3 4 5 6 7 8 Buéec 3. Ma tran d6 cimg ca phan tir 108Ma tran d6 ctmg chung duge chung hgp tir ma tran d6 cimg tai 4 diém Gauss c6 cac toa dé: é 1g tied, PUNE LBS fe Yeo Tyg manag eae V6i cdc trong sé: Wi = W2 =0 Ma tran d6 ctmg chung dugc tinh theo céng thire: Ke t [B"DBda = tf [e"DB, det(J)dEdn = a a4 22 tY DY WW, det(JE,,0,))BE,,n,)"DBE,.n,) aie Truéc tién, ta tinh ma tran d6 cimg tai diém Gauss thir nhat: Ad is _Jo -0.4472 Gum) = (Fez); se,n)-[2 00028 | 0.04 -0.06 0.12 0.38 A(é,,1,)=| 0.88 -0.88 -0.24 0.24 -0,24 0.24 -0.04-0.06 044 0 -006 0 O12 O 038 0 BE,n)=| 0 088 0 -088 O -024 0 O24 0.88 -0.44 -0.88 -0.06 -0.24 0.12 0.24 0.38 1 03 0 D=3.3x107}0.3 1 0 0 0 0.365 Phan déng gép cia diém Gauss thir nhdt vao ma trin d6 cimg chung duge tinh theo céng thire: Kg, = tW,W, det(J(E,,n,))B(E,.n,)" DB(E,,n:) Tuong ty, lap lai cac bude tinh trén cho 3 diém Gauss con lai, ta tinh duge cac ma tran Ka), Kg), Kia va ma tran chung K = Ka) + Ka) + Ka) + Kay 1091.49 -0.74 -0.66 0.16 -0.98 0.65 0.15 2.75 0.24 -246 0.66 -1.68 -0.16 1.08 0.33 0.15 -0.16 -0.56 K=10° 26 -0.08 1.39 -0.41 2 -0.82 -1.18 d/x 3.82 0.33 1.59 Buéc 4. Thiét lap vécto lye nut chung Ap dyng cong thirc (6.12), ta thu duge: {F} = | ° Buée 5. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH 0.08 1.39 0.41 ~1.53 0.25 8.53 0.25 3.67 (N) 149 -0.74 -0.66 0.16 -0.98 0.65 0.15 -0.08 (Q, 2.75 0.24 -246 0.66 -1.68 -0.16 1.39 |/Q, 1.08 0.33 0.15 -0.16 -0.66 -0.41/|Q, an + 2.6 -0.08 1.39 -0.41 -1.53]]Q,|_ 2 0,82 -1.18 0.25 JQ, dix 3.82 0.83 -3.53|/Q, 1.59 0.25 ||Q, 3.67 | [Qs Ap dung diéu kién bién cia tam Qi = Q: = Q3 = Qu = 0 ta c6 hé rit gon: 2 -0.82 -1.18 0.25]/Q,) [0 io} 3820.88 ~3.53/]Q,|_| 0 d/x 159 0.25 |]@,{ | 0 3.67 |[Q,} |-20, 110Gidi hé nay, ta thu duge cac chuyén vi: Qo 0 Q, 0 Q 0 @l_} o |. Q,{7)-1.a7f?? (m) Q,| |-9.67 @,| | 267 Q,) |-9.94 Bién dang cla tam tai 4 diém Gauss duge tinh theo céng thirc: {e(é.n)} = {e(En)}= {e(G.ne)} = {e(E..n,)} = {e(an2)} 2 B(.n,)] B(E,.m2) {a} = B(E,.n,)|{a} = -1L.7 z # x10“ -3.61 B(E,.n,)}{a} = we cae ~39.4 8.82 Be a x10 6.65 B(Ex,.n2) |{a} = re x10 0.95 Ung sudt cia tim tai 4 diém Gauss dugc tinh theo céng thite: {o(n)}= {o(E.n)}= {o(E.n.)} = D]{e(.n)} D]{e(E.n.)} + Di{e(.n2)} + 12.5 5.64} x10? (N/m?) 45.5 28.5, 6.65 ~46.5, Ju (Nin?) lll42.0 {o(E.m,)} =[D{e(E.1)} = (sh 10? (N/m?) —2.55, 18.5 {o(€..n2)} =[D]{e(E2.m2)} = [st x10? (N/m?) 1.09 6.2.2. Bai tap ty gidi Bai tp 6.6 Hay xac dinh ma tran 46 cimg cia cdc tam trong cdc hinh 6.7a va 6.7b. Cho E = 210 GPa, v = 0.25, t= 1 mm, cdc kich thudc trong cac hinh do bang centimet. (20,20) y (12,15) (20,15) 7 (12,16) 3 4 1 2 (10,10) (20,10) (10,10) (20,10) o x 0 Hinh 6.7a. Tam hinh thang Hinh 6.7b. Tam hinh tw giac Bai tap 6.7 Khao sat tim hinh thang trong hinh 6.8. Cac kich thudc do bang mét, biét: E = 200 GPa, v = 0.3, t= 1 cm. Str dung tich phan Gauss 4 diém, hay xée dinh ma tran d6 ctmg chung, chuyén vi, img suat va bién dang cia tam tai cdc diém Gauss. 1121 (0.6, 1.5) 4 (1.2, 1.5) a=6Nim Uo. 2 (0, 0) 3 (1.2, 0) Hinh 6.8. Tam hinh thang chiu lye phan bd Bai tap 6.8 Cho tdm chit nhét chiu lye nhu hinh 6.9. Biét cdc thong sé vat ligu : v=0.3,t=2 em, E=3x 10" Pa. Cae canh cia tam chiu cdc lye phan bé phap tuyén va tiép tuyén vi cing gid tr) 10° N/m. Diéu kién bién cia bai toan: Q) = Q = Q; = 0. Sw dung tich phan Gauss 4 & hay xdc dinh. ma tran d6 cimg chung, chuyén vi, img sudt va bién Hinh 6.9. Tam ch@ nhat chiu lye dang cua tam tai cdc diém Gauss, phirc tap Bai tap 6.9 Hinh 6.10a. Tam ch nhat gdm 2 phan tir S-PPPT HUU HAN 113Y 2.5 KN 0.15m 0.1m 04m Hinh 6.10b. Tam hinh thang chiu lc tap trung Str dung phuong phap tich phan s6 4 diém Gauss, tinh cdc chuyén vi, img sudt va bién dang (tai cdc diém Gauss) ct cdc tam trong hinh 6.10a va hinh 6.10b. Cho: E=210 GPa, v = 0.3, t= 1mm Bai tap 6.10 Khao sat tam hinh vudng duge 10 chia thanh 2 phan tir tir giac theo hai cach khac nhau nhu hinh 6.11a va hinh 6.11b. Biét E = 75 GPa, 10 v = 0.25, t= 1 mm, cac kich thuéc do bing centimet. Hay xdc dinh cac chuyén vi, img sudt va bién dang (tai céc diém Gauss) cia tim Hinh 6.11a. Tam vu6ng chia theo hai c4ch va so sanh, nhan xét theo chiéu ngang két qua. 12 8 — G 200 N ® 20 400 N _—___—»> 8 12 Hinh 6.11b. Tam vung chia theo chiéu ding 114Chuang, 7 PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG BAI TOAN DOI XUNG TRUC 7.1. LY THUYET Vécto chuyén vi u=[u w]" (7.1) Quan hé giita bién dang ¢ va chuyén vi u: Beles rye) -{2 mm, ow 4} (7.2) Véeto ting suat: o={6, o, «, 0}7 (73) Quan hé gitta img suat va bién dang: o=De (7.4) : , =f 0 l-v l-v i ee eel a. yo EQ-y) }a-v l-v ve Pam) yg tev (75) 20-v) 2 ee l-v l-v 7.2. PHAN TU TAM GIAC Xét mét mién hai chiéu duge trich ra tir vat thé tron xoay. Ta chia mién nay thanh cdc phan tir tam gidc. Mét phan tir dai dién voi 3 nut la 1, 2, 3 va cdc chuyén vj tuong mg qi, q2, qs, 44, qs Va ge duge biéu dién nhu trén hinh 7.1. 11SHinh 7.1. Phan tir tam gic déi xteng truc Ham chuyén vj duge biéu dién boi: u=Nq trong dé: we[M 9 M0 N, 0 0 N, 0 N, O N, a={a, a: a a as a)" Ni=1-€-n,N2=§& Ns=7 Dung phép mé ta dang tham s6 ta cing dugc: r=(1-E-n)y+én +n 2=(1-E-n)z, +62, +725 1 du aw du, aw c={e, & Ye ay" {2 oe soe +} u=(1-§-n)a, +845 +1195 v=(1-&-n)a, +80, +95 if 3] Xs 251 Quan hé bién dang - chuyén vi: 116 (7.6) (7.7) (7.8) (7.9) (7.10) alye=Bq (7.12) 233 0 ay 0 Zp 0 det J det J det I o = o0 & o Be det I det J det J (7.13) te fo ta Bn detJ detJ detJ det detJ detJ Mio ops! Na 9 Me 9 r r r Ma tr@n dé cteng cita phan tir k* = 2n [B"DBrdA (7.14) Goi r 1a ban kinh cua trong tam tam gidc, ma tran d6 cimg cia phan tir duoc xac dinh theo r nhu sau: k* = 2nrA,B'DB (7.15) Quy déi lec thé tich Goi f* la vécto lye mat quy ddi tir lyc thé tich, ta cé: . _ 2nrA, ee (7.16) Quy déi luc dién tich Gia sir lye tac dung déu trén canh néi nit 1 va nut 2 cé céc thanh phan laT,, T, (hinh 7.2). Hinh 7.2. Luc tac dyng trén canh phan tir 117Goi T* la vécto lyc mit quy déi tir le dién tich, ta cd: T* =2l,,{aT, aT, bT, b7.}° (7.17) pe 2th ne +2r, voi 6 (7.18) ha =V@-n) +2, Ung suat :o = DBq (7.19) Chii y: oo 1A mét img suat chinh, hai tmg'sudt chinh khdc 14 0) va 62 sé duge xc dinh qua o,, 0; va Tz nho vong tron Mohr img suat. 7.3. BAI TAP 7.3.1. Bai tap giai mau Baitgp7.1 —z 3 (24.15) 2 (26,11) r 1 (22,10) Hinh 7.3. Tam tam gidc déi xteng truc Tinh ma tran d6 cimg cua phan tir tam gide déi ximg truc trong hinh 7.3. Cac toa d6 dinh tinh bang cm, E = 210 GPa, v = 0.3. LOI GIAI: Buée 1. Mé hinh PTHH Tam duge mé hinh héa bang phan tam gidc phang 3 nut nhu hinh 7.3. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi phan tir 118Bac ty do Nati Notj Nut k Phan tir avs Qa Qasr [Qa | Our [| Om Phan ti 1 1 2 as [74 5 6 Bude 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cita phan tir Ap dung céng thite (7.11), ta c6: _f0.04 0.01 ~ [0.02 0.05 Theo céng thitc (7.13), ta thu duge : A=9 x 10% m? 2.8269 1.2115 0 1.2115 - 2.8269 O 1.2115 2 Delp 0.8077 0 esi) a/x 2.8269 22.2222 0 27.7778 0 -5.5556 0 0 11.1111 0 11.1111 0 22.2222 -11.1111 -22,2222 -11.1111 27.7778 22,2222 5.5556 1.3889 0 1.3889 0 1.3889 0 Cuédi clung, theo (7.15) ta thu duge : 2.151 0.7236 -2.4587 0.047 0.1633 -0.7706 1.1278 -0.2913 -0.2256 -0.5169 -0.9022 3.5888 0.968 -0.894 1.2593 Ke= 10% 1.4661 0.8364 ~-1.2405 dix 0.7131 . -0.3195 2.1427 Bai tap 7.2 Ong day hinh try chiu Ap suat trong p = 120 N/mm? nh hinh 7.4a. Ong bi ghép cimg bén ngoai véi mét vat khdc. Tim chuyén vi va tg suat trong éng sir dung phan tir d6i ximg truc, E = 70000 N/mm’, v = 0.3. 119fe h Ulla Wa ¥ Hinh 7.4a. Ong chiu dp suat trong 30mm Hinh 7.4b. M6 hinh PTHH, LOI GIAI Buéec I. Mé hinh PTHH Tam duge mé hinh héa bang hai phan tir tam gide déi ximg truc nhu hinh 7.4b. Buéc 2, Bang ghép néi phan tir 120sac ty do Nati Nutj Nat k Phan t Qi Qi Qasr [Oy Qaxet Qa Phan tir 1 1 2 3 4 7 8 Phan tir 2 3 4 5 6 ¢ 8 Chon true z 1a trac 46i ximg va truc r di qua diém 2. Ta cé cdc toa do cac nut nhu sau : Nat r L z 1 15 10 2 15 O 3 30 0 4 30 10 Tinh mét sé théng sé chung: 9.4231 4.0385 0 4.0385 9.4231 0 4.0385 2.6923 0 d/x 9.4231 D=10* A, = A2=75 mm’, r=20mm Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cdc phan tir 1. Phan tir 1: r= 20 mm 0.0667 0 0 0 0.0667 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.0667 -0.1 0 0 0.0667 0.0167 0 0.0167 0 0.0167 0 Ble : * 0.7847 -0.4798 -0.3618 0.2587 -0.4934 0.2256 |1 1.3345 0.8101 -1.1841 0.4229 -0.1504|? ely 0.3712 -0.0846 0.0893 -0.2266|° 1.1841 -0.4229 0 a dix 0.6720 0 |? 0.1504 |* 2. Phan tir 2: r= 25 mm 1210.0667 0 0.0667 0 0 0 pe| 0 0 -01 0 01 0 -0.0667 -0.1 0.0667 0.1 0 0.0138 «=0 = 0.0188. 00.0138 0 3 4 8 6 7 8 0.5714 0 0.6315 0.3383 -0.0301 -0.3383 3 0.1880 0.2819 -0.1880 -0.2819 0 4 k? =10° 1.2199 -0.7894 -0.3402 0.5075 |5 1.6681 0.1974 -1.4802]6 d/x 0.4492 0.0846 |7 1.4802 |8 Buéc 4. Ma tran 46 ctmg chung K 0.7847 —0.4793 -0.3618 0.2537 0 0 ~ 0.4934 0.2256 1.3345 0.3101 -1.1841 0 0 0.4229 -0.1504 0.9426 —0.0846 —0.6315 0.3383 0.0592 - 0.5639 K=10' 1.3721 0.2819 -0.1880 -0.7048 0 1.2199 —0.7894 -0.3402 0.5075 D/x 1.6681 0.1974 — 1.4802 1.1212 0.0846 1.6305 Buéc 5. Vécto luc mat chung F Theo céng thirc (7.17), ta c6 cdc gi tri luc nut: R-F, - FHEEP - 56549 N {F}" =(56549 R, 56549 R, R, R, R, R,}” Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH Ap dung diéu kién bién cita bai toan: Q: = Qy = Qs = Qs = Q7 = Qs = 0, taco hé: 10 0.7847 come Het - {Beas} ~0.3618 0.9426 ||Q, 56549 Giai hé nay ta duge : {Q, Q,}"={1.2117 1.065}" mm Cac tmg suat duge rut ra tir cong thirc (7.19) : o' ={-6.0796 -1.7299 0.395 0.3133}" kN/mm? o° ={-6.1169 -2.2938 0 -1.5292}" kN/mm? 122Bai tap 7.3 3 (3,1) = 100N/m? Zz a Wdiy r 180) Rat Hinh 7.5. Vat quay quanh truc z Phan tir tam gidc déi ximg truc trong hinh 7.5 ia mot phan cia mét vat quay quanh truc z véi van téc géc khong ddim = 10 rad/s va chiu tac dong cia lye hp dan theo phuong —z. Biét p = 7850 kg/m’. Xéc dinh vécto luc nut chung. LOI GIAL Luc khéi huéng tam sé xuat hién khi mét vat thé 46i ximg quay quanh true z. Néu van téc géc 1a @ thi gid tri Iuc khdi hudng tam duge tinh theo céng thire: F, = Ro Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Tam duge mé hinh héa bang phan tir tam gidc d6i xtmg truc nhu hinh 7.5. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi phan tir Bac ty do Nati Natj Nat k Phan tir Qos Qa, Qa Qa Qaxet Qax Phan tir 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chon truc z la truc déi xing va tryc r di qua diém 1. Ta c6 cdc toa dé cac mut nhu sau : 123Nut 2 oe] alo} a =|) olo}n 3 Vécto luc nit chung F Cac thanh phan lye khéi theo hai phuong duge xdc dinh nhu sau: F, = Ro*= 3 x100 = 300 m/s? F,=-g=-9.81 m/s” +% +h pal 2 ae A=0.5 m* Theo céng thite (7.16), ta thu duge: {F}" = oe fe FF F FY Cudi cling, ta cd: {F}" =27401.667x 800 -9.81 300 -9.81 300 -9.81}" Bai tip 7.4 1 124 Hie Hinh 7.6. Try tron chiu ap lyre 66i xteng va m6 hinh PTHHKhao sat try tron chju 4p luc doc truc q nhw trén hinh 7.6. Cac kich thuée do bang cm. Sir dung phan tir tam gid déi ximg truc hay xc dinh vécto lye nut chung. LOI GIAI: Try duge mé hinh nhu hinh 7.6. Ta chi khdo sat cdc phan tir lién quan dén Ap Iyc. Gia sit ij 1a canh chiu dp lye. Theo céng thitc (7.17), ta c6 vécto luc nut: i} 0 0 (=r, +R,)a 0 (R, +2R,)a Céc toa d Ri va Rj d6i v6i cdc phin tir khdo sat dugc t6m tit lai trong bang sau: Phan ti | R, Rj 2R, +R; Ri#2R, i 2 i 0 4 2 2 4 2 [ 10 L 8 3 6 4 16 14 Lye quy déi vé cdc nit duge tinh nhu sau: Tai nut i: F; = 400 (2R; + Rj) Tai nut j: Fj = 400 n (Rj + 2R)) Thay cac toa do Rj va R; vao timg phan tir, ta.cé: = Phan tir a oF _— 2 t 3 i 1600x. 4000n 6400 j 800x y 3200n | 5600x 125Cuéi cing, ta thu duge vécto Ive nuit chung: {F}" ={-800n —4800n -96007 —6400n}" N 7.3.2. Bai tap ty giai Bai tap 7.5 Cho phan tir tam gidc ba nit d6i ximg truc trén hinh 7.7. Cac kich thuée do bang mm. Cc théng s6 cua vat ligu: E = 82 GPa va v = 0.3. Hay xac nh 4n d6 cimg cia phan tir. djnh ma tran d6 cimg ca phan tt. 3 (15,10) 1 (10,0) 2 (20-10) Hinh 7.7. Phan tu tam gic déi xteng truc : Bai tap 7.6 Phan tir tam gidc di xtmg truc 6 hinh 7.7 chiu tac dong cia mét lye phan bé q phdp tuyén véi canh 13. XAc dinh vécto lye nut chung. Bai tip 7.7 Phan tir tam gidc déi ximg truc 6 hinh 7.7 1a mét phan cua mét vat thé quay quanh truc z voi van téc khéng déi n = 3600 vong/phut. Hay xdc dinh vécto lye nut chung. Bai tap 7.8 Hay xdc dinh img suat trong cdc phan tir tam gidc déi ximg truc & hinh 7.8. Cho E = 210 GPa, v = 0.25. Biét vécto chuyén vi chung: {Q}" = {0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0 0}” mm 126z Zz 3 (0,50) 3 (30,50) 2.(60,0) 2. (60,0) a) ' ) 31,2) 2 (2,0) °) Hinh 7.8. Cac phan tir tam gidc déi xtng truc Bai tap 7.9 q = 100 N/m? aa 20mm 10 mm. 0 20mm r Hinh 7.9. Phan ti d6i xtng truc 127Khao sat hinh vung trong hinh 7.9 sir dung hai phan tir tam. gidc déi xing truc. Biét: E = 210 GPa, v = 0.25, Hay tim ma tran d6 cimg chung va vécto lyc nut chung. Bai tap 7.10 Tinh ma tran lye nit chung tai cdc nut 1, 2, 3, 4 cua tru tron hinh 7.10. sir dung cdc phan tir tam gide déi xtmg truc. Cac kich thude do bang cm. z q = 500 N/cm? Hinh 7.10. Try tron chiu dp lye d6i xteng 128Chung, 8 PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG BAI TOAN MACH BIEN VA BAI TOAN CHAT LONG 8.1, LY THUYET 8.1.1. Phan tir hiru han trong bai ton mach dién Khao sét phan tir dién tro Re vy V2 Hinh 8.1. Phan tir dién tro v= lv, vf la vécto dién thé mit phan tir v=[viJ" la vécto dién thé nut chung = [(hy" la vécto cudng dé dong dién nut chung Theo djnh lugt Ohm: I, = ze =) 1,=,-») R, oie ae 1/1 .-1 Ma tran dan dién: k= (8.1) Rial 4 Vécto cutmg d6 dong dién nut: 1 ={I, 1,}" Hé phuong trinh PTHH dudi dang c6 dong: KV =I O-PPPT HOU HAN 129Giai hé nay ta sé thu dugc dién thé tai cdc nut. Cudng d6 dong dién = chay qua dién tro R, duge tinh nhu sau: i, = — (8.2) e 8.1.2. Phan tir hiru han trong bai toan chat long a) Bai todn dan chat long tuyén tinh Pi Pe a Hinh 8.2. Phan tir 6ng dan chat long mét chiéu Khao sat phan tir 6ng din chat long mét chiéu voi dé dai L. p=([p, p.| la vécto dp sudt nut phan tir Ham dang: P=N,p,+N2p, N,=1-835N, =§ Ma tran gradient chat long {9}=[Blp} (8.3) Trong dé: B= [-7 ;] LL Van téc chat léng trong éng v, = -[Dlig} (8.4) Voi [D]=[K,.] (8.5) Trong dé Ky 1a hé sé tham thdu cia éng theo phuong x. Ma tran dan chat long cia phan tw x-AKa[ | (8.6) L{-lol Vécto dp luc nut © Trudng hop dong chay cé luu long khéi khong di Q 130fo -mnfh (8.7) O day A: dién tich phan tir t: chidu day phan tir. ¢ Trudng hgp dong chay cé luu lugng khéng ddi q theo chidgu dai éng 1 ty erat (8) © Vécto ap luc nit chung: {F}= {fo f+ tf, } Hé phuong trinh PTHH dudi dang c6 dong: KP = F Giai hé nay ta sé thu duge ap suat chat long P; tai cdc nut. Luu lung khéi Q, = {u}A (8.9) b) Bai todn chat ling nhét mét chiéu Pr Qh P2 Qe a Hinh 8.3. Phan tir 6ng dan chat long nhot Khao sat mét phan tir dng din chat long nhét v6i dong chay tuyén tinh. Ong cé chiéu dai /, va dudng kinh de. p=([p, pI 1 vécto 4p suat nat phan tir P=([P]" 1 vécto ap suat nut chung Q= Td iid Ja vécto luu lugng nut chung Luu lugng vao hai nut 1 va 2 duge tinh theo cong thite: 8.10 Q= wae (p, ~ P2) (8.10) ndé Q,= 128i, (p, -P) V6i 1 1a d6 nhot cia chat long. 131132 Ma tran din chdt long wep i’) mds k= -_ — (8.11) 128ul, 128p, Hé phuong trinh PTHH dudi dang cé dong: KP = Q Giai hé nay ta sé thu duge ap suat chat long Pj tai cac nut. Van téc cia chat léng trong phan tir éng i duge tinh theo céng thire: V'=~{B] {P}' (8.12) voi B -|-t | (8.13) Luu Luong trong phan tii: F (8.14) V6i Aj la dién tich mat c&t ngang éng. ¢) Bai todn chdt léng hai chiéu 3 ps 1p 2p Hinh 8.4. Phan tl chat léng hai chiéu p= Ip, P py 1a vécto dp sudt nut phan ti. v= fu, vf 1a vécto van téc chat long trong phan tr. g= lo. gf 14 ma tran gradien chat long. 0 «K Ky, 0 atts. D= Ja ma tran dic tinh cia chat long. (8.15) wKos Ky 1a hé sé tham thu ctia vat ligu theo hai huéng x va y Tuong ty nhy bai ton phan tir phang tam gidc, ma tran-[B] dugc tinh tir cac céng thitc (5.7) va (5.8). Ma tran gradient cia chit long: g =[BKp} (8.16) Van téc chat léng trong phan ti: VU; { “| ls} (8.17) vy Ma tran dan chdt long cua phan tir: k. = tA.B'DB (8.18) v6i Ae la dién tich phan tir. Vécto dp lec nit © Trudng hgp dong chay cé lu lugng khéi khéng déi Q: (8.19) GO day: V: thé tich khdi chat long t: chiéu day phan tir @ Trudng hop dong chay cé luu long khong déi q trén canh 1-2: i] fy (8.20) 0 * Vécto ap lye nut chung: {F} = Mo fe tf, } « Hé phuong trinh PTHH dudi dang cé dong: K P = F Giai hé nay ta sé thu duge cdc dp sudt chat long tai cdc nit. Van téc chat long duge xac dinh nhé (8.17). L f =e 1338.2. BAI TAP 8.2.1. Bai tap giai mau Bai tap 8.1 Khao sat mach dién trong hinh 8.5. Hay xac dinh cac hiéu dién thé V va cudng 46 déng dién I tai cae nut sir dung phuong phap Phan tir hiru han. Seeen R=350 © V;=10V QO: =109 R=52 6 Ve = 200 V Con 8.5. Mach 7 aed LOI GIAI Bude 1. Mé hinh PTHH Sur dung phan tir dién mét chiéu, hé dién tro duge mé hinh hoa véi 6 nut va 7 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 8.5. Buéec 2, Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Phan tir 1 A Phan tir 2 ~ Phan tir 3 Phan tir 4 Phan tir 5 Phan tir 6 alalalalale|ny|o Phan tu 7 134Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran dan dién cua cdc phan tr Theo céng thitc (8.1), ta thu duge cdc ma tran hé sé dién k', k?, kk’, k°, k®, k” cho cdc phan tir nhu sau : Vda 2 8 24 yD) a gt a se =| 3535]! kK =| 30 30]? w=|5 5/8 ped A Led lL if 35 35 30 30 5 6 ae aor 2 8 Ie es det ki=| 15 15]4 k°=| 10 10]? pe Tice STP eats Sele eee 15 (15 10 10 i oF ‘ 2 eles Vee pi Avs 55 Buéc 4. Thiét lap ma tran dan dién chung K 1 1 = -= 0 35 35 c 9 9 & 1 4 1 1 1 ee — 0 35 35 30 10 30 10 0 ee ae re ae zn 0 K- 30 20 Bay % tn 7 0 0 ij cent wa o 5 5 15 15 1 1 1 14,1 4 0 — =a = Sees ae 10 7 15 15 5 10 7 5 0 0 0 0 a, L 5 5 Buéc 5. Vécto cudng d6 dong dién {}7= {1,00001,}" Buéec 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K][V]= {I} 1351 fa = = 0 0 ° 0 35 35 1 1 + 1 1 1 “3 36°30°I0 "30 Tagg tele Hi Paha ( 1 i 1 Vz} | 0 0 le Fie [ae == 0 30 30 5 7 5 7 Vs me 0 1 yey 1 v,[~ }o (6.21) 0 0 Sao gee —— o ||" 5 6 16 15 v,| |o 0 zk 1 gen pak gh (Vel, Ue 10 % 16 i656 107 6 0 0 0 0 be 1 5 5 Ap dung didu kién bién cua bai toan, ta c6 V; = 10V, V6 = 200V. Bién adi hé (8.21) ta thu duge: eg oul 0 eal 35 30 10 30 10 10 at Jagd Mo 1 [Me] | 38 30 30°75 5 Vs ot (g.22) 0 aol, abepele cache i 0 , 5 BL 16 15 V,} | 200 1 1 f 1h dl , B. wo = ot byte 10 7 15 107 15 5 Giai hé (8.22), ta cd : {V, V, V, V,}"={149.1595 175.5575 176.6981 180.1201)" V Cudng d6 dong dién tai cdc nut 1 va 6: {I, 1,}"={-3.976 3.976)" A 6a Hinh 8.6. Hé dng dan chat léng ré nhanh 136Khao sat hé éng chat long ré nhanh nhu hinh 8.6. Cho Q; = q vaa la hing sé, Hay xc dinh 4p suat chat long tai cdc nut. LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Sir dung phn tir chat long mét chiéu, hé duge mé hinh héa véi 4 nut va 5 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 8.6. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir a 4 Phan ty 1 1 2 Phan to 2 2 3 Phan ti 3 2 3 zt Phan tl 4 3 4 [ Phan tir § 1 i mae = Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran dan chit long cia cdc phan tir Ap dung céng thite (8.6), ta cd : 1 2 2 3 pleas Leh k's| 2a 2a|' k?=| 3a 3a|? tales the |B ciel. dapltl ts 20. 20 3a 3a 2 3 3 4 a 1 1 1 kK =| 2a Z k*=| 2a 2a]? Paz pear ee ae ae 2a 62 2a 2a "2a 1 a 4 er all ki =| 6a 6a}! 1 6a Buéc 4, Tinh ma tran dan chat long chung K 137“ba Ba Ba Ga Buéc 5. Vécto luu lugng nat {Q"={4q0000Q}" Buréc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K][P] = {Q} 1 < 1 1 a, re 0 a 2a 6a 2a 6a 1 prt aa P| (& ee ee 2a 2a 3a 2a 3a 2a P| _J 0 (8.23) 0 ated Pe 3a 2a 3a 2a 2a 2a |[P.J [Q 1 1 1 1 aie 0 ah . deh 6a 2a 2a 6a. Ap dung diéu kién bién : P, = P = 0 va Qu = q, giai hé (8.23) ta thu duge : Lo P, 14 B= eae Pp. bf J ts 14% Bai tap 8.3 Khao sat hé éng dn dau trong hinh 8.7. Cho p=0.3 Ns/m’, p=900 kg/m?, P, = 39182 Pa, Ps = -36665 Pa. Hay tinh todn ap suat va luu lugng tai cdc éng dan. LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé dugc mé phong bang 6 nit va 6 phan ti nhu hinh 8.7. 138Q,=5x10%m/s L=70.71m Oo L=70.71 m as 40 tpeeen ® Q6=5x10 m/s Hinh 8.7. Hé éng dan dau Buéc 2. Bang ghép n6i cac phan tir q Phan tir 1 Phan tir 2 Phan tir 3 Phan tir 4 Phan tir 5 Phan tir 6 a] alr} ol rm] = a] a} a} al wo] v}o Buéc 3. Ma tran din chat long cia cdc phan tir Ma tran dan cht long cia phan tir cht long mot chiéu duge tinh theo céng thie (8.11). 1 2 2 3 ee wo 115.70 = k= of 50.76 — 115.70 115.70 | -50.76 50.76 | 2 4 2 8 k° =10°| 51.77 -51.77]2 ki =10| 9:5 -9.5] -51.77 51.77 J« 9.5 9.5 Js 4 5 5 ¢ ko =10°| 7:23 -7.23]4 8 =10°| 136.35 -136.35|s ~7.23 7.23 |s 136.35 136.36 |e Buéc 4. Ma tran din cht long chung K 139115.7 | -115.7 0 0 0 0 115.7 218.23 -50.76 -51.77 0 QO K=10" 0 -50.76 60.26 0 9.5 0 0 51.77 0 59 -7.23 0 O 0 -9.5 -7.23 153.08 -136.35 0 0 0 0 136.35 136.35 Buéc 5, Vécto luu lugng nit {Q}" = { 5x104+ Rj 0000 5x107+ Rg }" Buwéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K][P]={Q} 115.7 -115.7 0 0 0 0 Pp 5x10%+R, -115.7 218.23 -50.76 -51.77 0 0 PR 0 10° 0 60.76 60.26 oO 9.5 0 P; iz 0 0 61.77 0 59 ~7.23 0 BP oO 0 o -9.5 -7.23 153.08 -136.35 ||P, 0 0 0 0 0 136.35 136.35 |[P, 5x10%+R, Ap dung diéu kién bién : P, = 39182, Ps = -36665 va giai hé phuong trinh trén ta thu dugc : {P}' = { 39182 34860 29366 30588 2 -3665 }' N/m? Luu lugng trong tig phan tir: duge tinh theo céng thitc: nD* = T6 7B Fa) Do dé: Q.=2.79 x 10% m/s Qs =2.21 x 10% m/s Qu = 2.79 x 10% m/s Qs =2.21 x 10% m/s Bai tap 8.4 Ay = 3m? Ay = 2m? iAg™ Ani 4m 1m Hinh 8.8a. Hé éng dan chat ldng tiét dién thay adi 140GQ) baa ise sho) 1 2 3 4 Hinh 8.8b. M6 hinh PTHH Xét hé dng chat long cé tiét dién thay di trong hinh 8.8a. Biét Kx. = 1, P; = 10 m’/s va Py = 1 m/s, Hay xc dinh cdc van téc va luu luong chat long trong cdc dng. LOIGIAL Buéec 1, Mé hinh PTHH Sir dung phan tir chat long mét chiéu, hé duge mé hinh héa v6i 4 nut va 3 phan tir duge danh sé nhw hinh 8.8b. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tr a a EF Phan tot 1 2 Phan ti 2 2 3 b Phan tir 3 3 4 Buwdéc 3. Tinh ma tran din chat long cia cdc phan tir Ap dung céng thite (8.6), ta cd : eeafi Ah pol KA: peli “ls V1 1 |e 1-1 1 js V-1 14s Buéec 4, Tinh ma tran din chat long chung K 3-3 0 0 “3 6 =2.0 el occege 8 cal 00-11 Bude 5. Vécto luu luong nat : {Q}™= {0000 y Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH [K][P] = {Q} 1413 -3 0 O](P) [0 -3 5 -2 O|JP,|_ jo o -2 3 -1\|P,{ jo (8.24) 0 o -1 14(P) [0 Ap dung diéu kién bién : P; = 10 va Py = 1, gidi hé (8.24) ta duge = P2 = 8.365 m’/s, P3 = 5.91 m/s Van téc va 4p sudt cua cht long trong cdc 6ng duge tinh theo céc céng thire sau: 1, Phan tir 1: v! =-{B] {P}' Q'=Axv! 1 1 10 1 3 Vie-|-= = =1. =3x 1.635 = 4.91 m’* [ 3 Hees} 1.635 m/s Q'=3x 1.635 =4.91 m’/s 2. Phan tir 2: Tuong ty, tathuduge: V?=2.455 mis, Q=4.91 m/s 3. Phan tir 3 : Vv? =4.91 mis, Q=491 ms Bai tap 8.5 Hinh 8.9. Truyén dan chat léng trong dat 142Khao sat sy truyén dn chat long trong dat 6 hinh 8.9. Hay xc dinh van téc truyén chat long trong phan tir 2, biét : dp sudt canh trai ; P) = Py= 10 N/m?, canh phai la P2 =P3= 0, hé sO truyén din : Kxx = Kyy = 2.5 x 10° m/s, t= 1m. LOI GIAI Buée 1. Méi trudng dat duge mé hinh hoa véi 5 nut va 4 phan tir duge dénh s6 nhu hinh 8.9. Day la bai toan cé hinh hoc hoan toan gidng bai tap 5.5. Tién hanh céc budc tir 2 dén 3 tuong ty bai tap 5.5. Buée 4, Tinh ma tran dan chat long chung 25 0 0 0 -25 0 25: 0 0-325. K=107| 0 0 25 0 -25 m?/s 0 0 0 25 -25 —25: —25. -25 —25. 100 Buéc 5. Thiét lap vécto luu lugng nut: {Q}" = {00000}" Buse 6. Gidi hé phwong trinh PTHH [k]P]= {Q} 25 0 0 0 -25 0 25 0 tas) 10°] 0 0 25 oO -25 0 0 0 26. -25 -25. -25=—-25 25 100 e020 Ye to Wl eooeos Ap dung diéu kién bién cua bai toan : P) = Py = 10, P2 = P3 = 0 va giai hé, ta thu duge: Ps =5 N/m? Van téc chat long tai phan tir i duge tinh theo cong thire: {v}'=- [puter ¢P} Van téc chat long trong phan tir 2: 143mils «2: Ve mC ere Vv; 0 25]. V?,= 125 x 10° m/s Vv’, =0 m/s 8.2.2. Bai tap tw giai Bai tap 8.6 1; dnd hee BEI 2x1[-1 10 2-1 0 hs 10 Hinh 8.10. Mach dién 5 dién tro 10V Xae dinh cdc dién thé V va cudng d6 dng dién J tai cdc nét cla mach dign hinh 8:10. R50 4 R100 $i pe Bai tap 8.7 Hay xéc dinh cic R-200 Soe dién thé V va caéc esol cuéng dé dong dién I ——— ning ¢ 2 ++ +45 tai cdc nut cia mach dign hinh 8.11. [ ] R=52 R=100 1 ok 1 fest i R200 4 R=6800 J Vi=110V Vi=40 V Hinh 8.11. Mach dién 10 dién tre 144 R=16QBai t§p 8.8 Hinh 8.12. Truyén dan chét léng qua éng xép Khao sét sy truyén dan chat long mét chiéu qua éng xép trong hinh 8.12. Cho A = 0.2 m2. Xac dinh lu lugng chat long tai cdc nut va van téc chat long trong cac phan ti. Bai tap 8.9 Hinh 8.13. Hé éng dan chat lng Hay xc dinh uu lung chat long tai 3 va tai 4 ciia hé éng din chat long hinh 8.13. biét: P; = 200, Q6= 50. Cac don vj tinh theo hé SI. Bai tap 8.10 Hay xac dinh luu lugng chat long tai nut 5 va tai canh phai cua phan tir 4 trong hinh 8.14. q = 25x10° mis —» x Hinh 8.14. Truyén chat léng hai chiéu 10-PPPT HUU HAN 145Cheong 9 PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG BAI TOAN TRUYEN NHIET 9.1. LY THUYET 9.1.1. Bai toan din nhiét m6t chiéu Nhiét d6 tai cdc nut duge ky hiéu 1a T (tai nut 1 la T, va nut 2 14 T2) 1a cac An sé can tim. © Hinh 9.1. Mé hinh phan tir héru han cho bai toan dan nhiét mot chiéu Ma tran dan nhiét cia phan tir duge xac dinh bai : 2 -kAf 1-1 Koirigi isy | (9.1) geh(T.-T..) Ti=To —»> x k 1ahé s6 dan nhiét cia vat ligu (W/m °C). Vécto luong nhiét: Khi nguén nhiét phan bé déu Q =Q, 14 hing sé trong phan tir: tA, Te = thf ne (9.2) © Khi phia phai L cia phan tir n cé toa nhiét déi Luu h, Ts. : r, =[0 -ACT,-T. (9.3) 1469.1.2. Bai toan dan nhiét hai chiéu Ching ta sé sir dung phan tir tam gidc dé giai bai todn dn nhiét (hinh 9.2). i " a 3 3 a n=1 |3 2 § 1 1 E=1 Ty T: 2S x Phan tir quy chiéu Hinh 9.2. Phan tir tam gidc bac nhat trong bai todn dan nhiét hai chiéu Truong nhiét 46 trong phan tir duge bidu dién boi: T=NT* (9.4) Trong dé: N=[l-é-n e n] la céc ham dang T° =[f, 1, 1] twong tng la nhiét d6 tai céc nit. Ma tran dan nhiét cia phan tit tam gidc duge xtc dinh béi: k, = KtA,B,” B, (9.5) Trong d6 at [ze “Yn Un | = ss ie Yn Yn X35) — Xp, Xz Xqy Xx Xi3 Xa Pas “aera, epee] eo © Khi Q=Q, la hing sé trong phn tir; do day phan tir t = const. Vécto lugng nhiét: p= SA 1 oF 2) ¢ Khi Q bién thién tuyén tinh QE, n) =NQ"; Q=[Q1, QQ] (9.8) Vécto lugng nhiét : 147FEO +2,+0, 2420,+0, 2+0,420F 09) © Trudng hop diém nhiét. "= Gia sir Qo 1a bién a6 ca diém nhiét tai (Eo, no) trong phan tir. Néu diém nhiét nim bén trong phan tir thi: 7 =tQ[l-f-m & ml (9.10) © Gia thiét mat 46 nhiét q = qo duge cho vuéng géc véi canh 2-3 cha phan tir nh hinh 9.3. &=0 Hinh 9.3. Biéu kién bién dan trén canh 2-3 cla phan ti’ tam giac Vécto long nhiét : ry = toa o 1 af (9.11) Néu mit d6 nhiét q = qo duge cho vudng géc véi canh 1-2 cia phan tir, ta sé c6: j= eh 1 of (9.12) Néu mat d6 nhiét q = qo duge cho vuéng géc véi canh 1-3 cia phan ti, ta sé cd: rp = ah o if (9.13) 2 © Néu canh 2-3 a canh tod nhiét d6i hu ciia phan tir, ta c6: 000 tr, = 20 21 (9.14) Oto, 148r= “hla ig 1a (9.15) Néu canh 1-2 1a canh toa nhiét déi lu cua phan tl, ta c6: ag-[22t 2 by =2}1 2 0 (9.16) 000 ne als HTtn 1 of (9.17) Néu canh 1-3 la canh toa one di uu cia phan ti, ta c6: [2 2} fh, = t3}0 0 0 (9.18) 102 r= io o if (9.19) Chit y: Ma tran hy s® duge cong vao ma tran din nhiét kr 9.2. BAI TAP 9.2.1. Bai tap giai mau Bai tp 9.1 Hap 200 °C Hinh 9.4b. M6 hinh PTHH 149Xac dinh phan bé nhiét d6 bén trong tong phing chju ngudn nhiét déu trong hinh 9.4a. Biét Q = 400 W/m’, k = 25 (W/m °C). LOIGIAI Buéc 1, Mé hinh PTHH Sir dung phan tir mét chiéu, tung dugc m6 hinh bang 5 nut va 4 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 9.4b, ; kA 25 O day: 5 7100 were) Buéc 2. Lap bang ghép néi cdc phan tir a a Phan tir 1 1 2 Phan ti 2 2 - 3 Phan ti 3 3 4 Phan ti 4 4 e Buc 3. Tinh ma tran dan nhiét cua céc phan tir Theo céng thite (9.1), ta thu duge cdc ma tran dan nhiét k', kK, KB k* cho cc phan tir: kb 2k? =k 2k! =100 x [ ‘ 7 cwrec) (9.20) Buwéc 4, Thiét lap ma tran din nhiét chung K 1-10.00 “12100 K=100x|0 -1 2 -1 0| (WrC) (9.21) 0 0 -l 2 -1 DODD otal Bue S. Thiét lap vécto lugng nhiét Ap dung céng thitc (9.2) v6i Q = 400 W/m? : {ra}" = aan} Str dung céng thite nay cho 4 phan tir va tién hanh lap ghép, ta c6 vécto luong nhiét chung : {R}" ={R, +50 100 100 100 50}" 150Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH 1 -1 0 0 OJfT,) {R,+50 -1 2 -1 0 O/]ff, 100 100x|0 -1 2 -1 0 |;T,p={ 100 (9.22) 0 o -1 2 -1\|7, 100 Lo o o -1 a] {t,} [ 50 Ap dung diéu kién bién T; = 200°C, thay vao (9.22) va sau mot sé bién déi, ta c6: 2 -1 0 O|fT, 20100 -1 2 -1 0/1JT, 100 x o -1 2 calla t= 0 0 -1 145{T Giai hé trén, ta thu duge : 888 {T, T, 7, T, 1}"={200 203.5 206 207.5 208}" (°C) Sur dung (9.22), ta c6 dong nhiét 6 phia trai : R; = 400 W. Bai tap 9.2 ep 3.10) 4” aro 3 Te. ave 114.6) '2(12,8) hese Ww ite T, = wc Hinh 9.5. Tam tam gic chiu nhiét Xac dinh ma tran dan nhiét va vécto luong nhiét trong tam & hinh 9.5. Cée canh 1-2 va 2-3 chiu toa nhiét theo déi uu. 151LOIGIAI Buée 1. Mé hinh PTHH Tm duge mé hinh bang 3 nut va 1 phan tir dugc danh sé nhuw hinh 9.5 Buéc 2. Bang ghép n6i c4c phan tir Bac ty do Nati. Natj Not k Phan ti Qa Qa; Ce Qa Qax Phan tiv 1 al 2 3 I 4 5 6 Buéc 3. Ma tran dan nhiét cua phan tir Tinh cdc tham sé trung gian : x21 = 12-4 = 8; x31 = 8-4 = 4; x3. = 8-12 =-4 Yai = 8-6 = 2; y31 = 10-6 = 4; yo3 = 8 — 10 = -2 13 = 4.47; la = 8.25 Theo cdc céng thtre (9.5) va (9.6), ta tinh duge cdc ma tran sau : a(t ‘| va Det(J) = 32-8 =24 Dod6: A=24/2= 12 (cm*) B, = ‘a4 iS 4 7 24|-4 -4 8 Bos By yal, kp =5tBIB,=|2 8 -10 -7 -10 17 Buée 4, Ma tran dan nhiét chung Ky 5 2 7 K,=5t/2 8 -10 -1 -10.17 Buéc 5. Vécto lugng nhiét R 1 200 Ap dung céng thire (9.7), ta c6 : tg a oe pa 1 200 152Theo c6ng thite (9.11) : i 0 lke 1 2475 n= OAR AAT hy 1EAAO28 28 Joh =| 864 fe 1 1 3369 2675 Vécto luong nhiét chung : R = rq +r, = 41064 >t 3569 Bai tap 9.3 Khao sat tim chiu nhiét trong hinh 9.6. Cdc kich thuéc do bing mét. Ma tran hé s6 din nhiét: p=¥{5 | voi k= 5 W/°C. Mét nguén nhiét hing s6 =6 W/m’ tac dung déu lén tim. Hay xéc dinh phan bé nhiét 46 trong tim. ig 30,1) a=20Wim en) T=0°C 2 1 Hinh 9.6. Tam hinh thang chiu nhiét va mé hinh PTHH LOI GIAI Buéc I. M6 hinh PTHH 153Tam duge m6 hinh bang 4 nut va 2 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 9.6. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cac phan tir Bac ty do Nati Phan tir Qa Q, Ox Phan tir 7 i 2 3 ~~ Phan ti 2 2 4 3. Buéc 3. Ma tran din nhiét cia cdc phan tit 1. Phan tir 1: Tinh cdc tham sé trung gian : X21 =2-0=2; x31 =0-0 = 0; x32 =0-2=-2 ya = 0.5 - 0 = 0.5; y31 = 1-0 = 1; y23 = 0.5 - 1 =-0.5 A=1n Ap dung cdc céng thite (9.5) va (9.6), ta thu duge: 2 fe 1 + Be T2L-2 0 2 5.3125 0.625 —4.6875], k' = KAtBIB, =] -0.625 1.25 -0.625 |, 4.6875 0.625 5.3125 |, 2. Phan tir 2: Tinh cdc tham sé trung gian : X21 = 0-0 =0; x31 =0-2=-2; x32=0-2=-2 ya =1-0.5 = 0.5; ysr=1 — 0.5 = 0.53. y= 1-1=0 A=0.5 m Ap dung cdc cng thire (9.5) va (9.6), ta thu duge: 0 05 -0.5 He (5 @ 1819 | 2 -) a 10-10 0 |, k* = kAtBTB, =t]/-10 10.625 -0.625], QO -0.625 0.625 |, 154Buéc 4, Ma tran din nhiét chung Ky 0.625 -4.6875 0 5.3125 ona 0.625 11.25 -0.625 -10 ‘T '|-4.6875 -0.625 5.9375 -0.625 0 -10 0.625 10.625. Buéc 5. Vécto lugng nhiét R 1, Phan tir 1: | ea fl yan epatye 2 1 2. Phan tir 2: i ic ORCI ie ;2 J ‘til Sau khi lip ghép cdc vécto luong nhiét, ta thu duoc vécto Iugng nhiét chung 2+R, 3+R, Rat a -17+R, { -19 Budc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH -0.625 -4.6875 0 J(T, 2+R, 2ox2_ |” : 3 =e} = t{-20 1) [-20. 5.8125 0.625 11.25 -0.625 -10 |),|_| 3+R, (9.23) 4.6875 -0,625 5.9375 -0.625||7,|_ |-17+R, 0 -10 -0,625 10.625|(T,} | -19 Tir diéu kién bién cia bai toan : T; = T; = T3 = 0, gidi hé (9.23) ta cd: Ts = —1.788°C Cac dong nhiét trong cdc phan ti : 0 vasatete-sitt of 0 05 -05)| ° AAT (S a> @ Jem {sel RP = le} BE }{a*} = 155Bai tap 9.4 1(0,1) q=20Wim 4(2,1) T=0°C 3(2,0.5) 2(0,0) Hinh 9.7. Tam hinh thang chiu nhiét st dung phan tir tr gidc Giai bai tap 9.3 sir dung mét phan tir tir gidc phang va tich phan s6 4 diém Gauss. LOIGIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Tdm duge mé hinh bang 4 nit va 1 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 9.7. Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Phan tir a Q OQ Q Phan tir 1 1 2 3 4 Buéc 3. Ma tran din nhiét cha phan tir Sur dung cac céng thire cia chuong 6, ta tinh duge cdc ma tran : gaifn-t i-n n+t -n-1 nigl@=1 He-d) G41 2-8 -[) 0.125n - 0.375 : ee Det(J)= -0.125n+0.375 1+ lon 1 | oo t a B=AG |= 0 3 1 oo 156Ma tran dan nhiét ctia phan tir theo phuong phép tich phan sé 4 diém Gauss dugc tinh tir 4 diém va cdc ham trong sé sau : ang aaag ™ s ue Wi=W=1 Ly K, = tk [B"Bdo = tk f [B"Bdet(J)dedn a en 22 = thy! >) WW, det(J(E,,n,))BE,.n,)"BEn,) Sau khi tinh chung cdc phan déng gép cia 4 diém Gauss vao ma tran dn nhiét, ta thu duge ma tran dan nhiét cia phan tir. Buéc 4. Ma tran dan nhiét chung Ky 4.76 -3.51 -2.98 1.73 -3.51 4.13 1.73 -2.36 2.98 1.73 6.54 -5.29 1.73 -2.36 -5.29 5.91 Buéc 5. Vécto lugng nhiét R Tuong tu Chuong phan tir phang ttr gidc, ta c6 : K,= 2.5 HY 2.5 ry =t f [QNT det(J)dédn = d a4 2 -20 Pe) 1 Te = -gt 229 tnt re = = 19° oN (= -Ln)dx = -at=F JN =-Lman=) 9 -20 Sau khi lip ghép cdc véeto lugng nhiét, ta thu duge vécto long nhiét chung: -17.5+R, _, | 2.54+R, we | ow) -18 Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH 1574.76 -8.51 -2.98 1.73 ](T,) [-17.5+R, -3.51 4.13 1.73 -2.36|/T,| | 2.5+R, ~2.98 1.73 6.54 -5.29|)T, 2+R, 1.73 -2.36 -6.29 5.91 |[T, -18 } Tir diéu kién bién cita bai toan : =T2=T3=0, giai hé (9. 24) ta.c6 Ty =-34 042 Cac dong nhiét trong cac phan ti : (9.24) R =-K(N[B}(G.n,)]{a"} = ie ” ? = -KT[ BF (Ease) | tot} { a} im RP = —K(T][Bh(é,.n2) {a ")-{resl i KM [Bs (E.n:)|{a"} “(i | al Bai tip 9.5 Hay xac dinh luong nhiét truyén trén mét don vi dién tich qua bite tung composite trong hinh 9.8. Gia dinh day 1a bai toan dan nhiét mét chiéu. hi=25mm, hy=75mm hy=50mm T1 = 370°C 4 = 66°C Hinh 9.8. Twong composite dan nhiét va m6 hinh PTHH 158LOI GIAI Buéc 1, Mé hinh PTHH Sir dung phan ti mét chiéu, tudng duge mé hinh bang 4 nut va 4 phan tir duge danh s6 nhu hinh 9.8. 6 day: A = 1m? Buéc 2. Lap bang ghép néi cae phan tir a Phan tir 1 Phan tly 2 Phan te 3 eo} | ns} = Phan tir 4 a] ew] wo] wl) o Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran din nhiét cia cdc phan tir Theo céng thitc (9.1), ta thu duge cac ma tran dan nhiét ki, KK k* cho cae phan tir nhu sau : & 4 %& _& h, h, h, h, spe phe 282 Bailly oy 2 hy aA ‘oa ky h, hy h, hy Agro yp Ke icky h, h, h. h, geet Baa ube] ea tft Pa gineebs om Be ke h, hy hy hy Buéc 4. Thiét lap ma tran dan nhiét chung K k, k, = sek 0 hy hy ky ky ke ky ky ky ss +key &_& 9 K= ba Sa qwrc) (9.25) 0 pak h, h, oh, bh, hy, hy k, k, 0 0 ae ee, bh, h, Buwéc 5. Thiét lap vécto long nhiét {R}"={R, 0 0 R,}" (W) 159Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH k, k, ay ae 0 0 h, h, Nyhan aging Sintp fH): of h, hy by hb, oh, hy T|_} 0 (0.26) o Kaka Ka Mo ke ka | |S] | 0 he h, hy hb, bh, by} (TJ [R k, k, 0 0 es Be h, hy Ap dung diéu kién bién cita bai toan : T; = 370°C, Ts = 66°C, thay sé ta cé : 7.3333 -1.3333]{T,| _ {2220 -1.3333 2.3333 }|T,J | 66 Giai hé nay, ta thu duge : T,= 343.57 °C, Ts = 224.61°C. Cuéi cling, thay vo hé (9.26), ta thu duge : R= 158.6 W va Ry =—158.6 W. Bai tap 9.6 Su dung m6 hinh dan nhiét mét chiéu, khdo sat tuéng composite gdm 3 l6p trong hinh 9.9, biét: ki=50W/m°C, ky=30W/m°C, k3=70W/m°C, hy=5 m, hy=3 m, h3=2.5 m. Phia bén phai tudng c6 hién tuong déi lu voi h= 15 W/m°C, T= 35°C. Hay xdc dinh phan bé nhiét 46 bén trong tudneg va long nhiét cn cung cp 6 phia trai tung. ke ks a Ta Ts Ta 'O'@2 9: Hinh 9.9. Twong composite 3 lop chiu nhiét va mé hinh PTHH 160LOI GIAI Buéc I. Mé hinh PTHH Sir dung phn tir mét chiéu, tudng duge mé hinh bang 4 nut va 3 phan tir duge danh sé nhw hinh 9.9. Buéc 2. Lap bang ghép ndi cdc phan tir a 4 Phan tir 1 1 2 Phan tir 2 2 3 Phan tl 3 [ 3 4 Buwéc 3. Tinh ma tran din nhiét cua cdc phan tit Theo céng thirc (9.1), ta thu duge cac ma tran dan nhiét k', KR, Kk? cho cae phan tir: kk k, _ky ky ky we {BBL sys] Be Be] ysl] Bs Bs 4 kh}? -& & |’ ah Hy, By yt dy h, hy Buéc 4. Thiét lap ma tran din nhiét chung K k, k sto Sk 0 0 hh -H hye Lb 9 xe] ® hh he be wee 0 Ra a a hes hy. bgt abe k, k, 0 0 -—2 h, h, Bude 5. Thiét lap vécto lugng nhiét : Theo céng thitc (9.3) tac : {R}"={R, 0 0 -h(T,-T,)}” Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh PTHH ‘41-PPPT HOU HAN 161& LE 0 0 hy h, -h hie 9] [h R h hh, hy T{_} 0 (27) o (OE | |S o h, oh, hy by] (TJ [-h(T.-T.) k, k, 0 0 -s2 Se h; hy Dé giai (9.27), trudc tién hé duge bién déi nhu sau = ky ky ely ack 0 0 hy h, ho b,& & 9 | [) [® h, h, hy h, Be{—]-0- o Ka Kay ke ks | |TH] | 0 hb, WMpbhpobe hyo|i[T,) + [bT, k, k, 0 eae 8h 0 rms Ap dung diéu kién bién T; = 100°C, ta cé hé moi : we k, hh, hy 2 100 x T, h, He Mey Me he [Ip lel oo hh, = [tnd | xn 0 -t Seah h, hy Giai hé nay, ta thu duge : {T, T, T,J"=(79.63 55.86 48.58}" (°C) Sur dung (9.27), ta c6 dong nhiét 6 phia trai tuéng: Ry = 203.7 Wem? 9.2.2. Bai tap ty gidi Bai tap 9.7 Ong tron réng 6 hinh 9.10 c&ch nhiét 6 chu vi: K = 6 W/(m °C). Xac inh nhiét d6 tai cdc diém L’=0.1m, 0.2m, 0.3m va 0.4m. 162LLSSSLLSSISISSSELSLSSELSSLSL SD (LIZLIZILLLLLL LLL LLL LLL L=0.4m Hinh 9.10. Ong tron réng chiu nhiét Bai tap 9.8 Thép khéng gi Tam bing thép khong gig °C Q= 107 wim? hinh 9.11 c6 k = 15W/(m°C) chiu mét nguon nhiét hang sé phan bé 1 déu Q=10’W/m*. Mot mat cia tim duge giit 6 0°C nhé nude da, mat kia cé hién tuong truyén nhiét bing d6i liu véi h = 40w/(m?°C) Hinh 9.11. Truyén nhiét qua tam va T,=35°C. Hay xc dinh nhiét bang thép khong gi d6 tai cdc mat tam va tai diém gitta ctia chiéu day tim. Gia thiét day 1a bai ton dan nhiét mét chiéu. Bai tap 9.9 Hay xdc dinh cdc ma tran din nhiét va vécto ngudn nhiét cho tim tam gic trong hinh 9.12, Biét koeky=15Wim°C), h= 20W/mC), T.=15°C, Hién tugng déi luu dién ra trén canh 1-3. Nguén nhiét diém Q = 100 W/m dat tai vi tri (0,0), Hinh 9.12. Tam c6 mét canh t=1m. truyén nhiét a6i lu 163Bai tap 9.10 Hay xdc dinh sy phan bé nhiét 46 trong tam hinh vuéng trong hinh 9.13. Cho: kx = kyy = 10W/(m?°C), h = 20W/m? °C). 200°C 100°C t=10mm im | 1. = 50°C Hinh 9.13. Tam hinh vudng chiu nhiét phtrc tap Bai tp 9.11 Khao sat tam chit nhat chiu nhiét & hinh 9.14, Cho: kx = kyy = 60WMmeC), t = 1 mm. Xac dinh ma tran dan nhiét va vécto ngudn nhiét, tir dé tinh todn nhiét d6 tai cdc nut va cdc dong nhiét. Tam cé kich thuéc 5 mm x 2.5 mm, tam duge chia thanh hai phan tir. 4 164 100°C ® Te =20°C h=20Wi(m?°C) Ts =80°C h=2000W/(m**C) 100°C Hinh 9.14. Tam chi nhat 2 phan tirChutong, 10 PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG BAI TOAN UON TAM 10.1. LY THUYET 10.1.1. Phan tir tim KIRCHHOFF Phan tir t4m 4 nit dugc mé ta nhu trong hinh 10.1. Hinh 10.1. Phan ti ttr giac Kirchhoff Vécto chuyén vi nut dj duge xac dinh bai : H&B V6i phan tir tir gide 4 nut, vécto chuyén vj nut phan tir duge biéu dign nhu sau: q={a? df at aty (10.2) va vécto chuyén vi uén tai mét diém bat ky cha phan tir la: 165166 d= 9, 0} (10.3) CAc thanh phan chuyén vj duge néi suy qua cc chuyén vj nut nhu sau: ~ D6 vong cia tam (w) duge xAp xi theo ham néi suy Heemit: warint o11{ 2) on(®) +. Aw) +n (2) vl) (10.4) 7 1 4 4 ae) Le a — Cée géc xoay duge néi suy qua cdc thanh phan chuyén vj nut: éw_6< ew ow == LY) Ay, +H,,|—]| +4,)2 10.5 Le £31 51-2, (%)« {2} (10.5) 4 == SY) Haw. (2) + (2) (106) YY XT & }, Y), Vécto chuyén vi duge néi suy qua vécto chuyén vi nut phan tir bai: d= Bq. (10.7) Trong dé: B 1a ma tran ndi suy, duge biéu dién nhu sau: HH, OH, .. a a je z 3 a ai” a ate (10.8) é i : gite aim ae Bién dang duge xc dinh béi: {c}= Ld = LBq = Bq (10.9) voi L 1a ma tran toan ti dao ham: (10.10) & in ° Plo o Plo Mla2%la o Va B 1a ma tran quan hé bién dang-chuyén vi.Ma tran dO cimg phan tir tir gide Kirchhoff duge xac dinh theo biéu thite: Wiberg ke == [B"[D]Bas 10.11 mJ [p]e (10.11) Dé xac dinh duge ma tran d6 cimg phan tir tir gidc Kirchhoff, ta can xdy dung duge cdc ham ni suy Hecmit H; (i = 1, 2,..., 12). Hy=20-ét-me-§-0- 8-7) (10.12) Hy = (t-éMt- ne"); Hy = 50-21-27) Hy = 2 (l+ 6\t-mo+g -0-8 - 1) 00.13) H, =-4 (+ t-n)t-¢"); Hy = 5+ eMt-m\t-n") H, =F eMeme+gen—e -n) (10.14) Hy =-4 (+e lenli-e"): H =-E +e M+ n\l-7’) Hy = 5 (-éteme-g 40-2 -1') (10.15) 1 1 Ay, =g-shienk -é); Ay, eat -é\1+n)\t-n?) Quan hé gitta 2 hé toa d6 (x,y) va (E, n) duge thé hién duéi dang: ga 2-0), =e) = ey = (10.16) poe ie ts 9 2,f FIR 57 Yc Trong dé : a, b 1a kich thuée phan tir chit nhat; xc, yc 1a toa d6 trong tam C cua phan tir. 10.1.2. Phan tir tim MINDLIN Theo ly thuyét tm Mindlin, 46 vong duge biéu dién béi : 167168 w(x, y,z) =w" (x,y) (10.17) Cac thanh phan géc xoay nay dugc biéu dién bai: 6, = ey, a (10.18) 8-5 Tm Chuyén vi w va cdc géc xoay 9,,, duge ngi suy béi w=), .n)w, isl 9, = LNE.nN6), (10.19) a 8,= 2%, .n)e,), Trong dé N; la cdc ham dang ding tham sé (xem 6 chuong 6). Bién dang udn va bién dang cat duge xac dinh béi: tes}=-2[8, las} (10.20) {e.}=-2[, a} trong dé : Bio o Mo o Mo 0M oO 0 10.21 B=] 0 Mo 9 Ba 90, Meo. 9 Mo) 1079 oy oy ey oy BN, sg A Bh Bc Be ( Ble ONG g cy ax oy Ox ey x ay ax B= -y, 0 Mn, o Mn, o Mw, o Me] (10.22) ax xc ax ox 6 SR AN gy ARG Mata vt itil gg ONG alg Lg 0 NG y y y Yy va: {a"}=(0, 1 wi, Or Gr My Oy By wy Oy Oy mj’ (10.23) vs Ma tran d6 ctmg cua phan tur tam ter gidc Mindlin duge xac dinh béi:3 w=" (Bt, fe} dA+2h fB,"D,B,aA (10.24) 12.4 6 y trong d6, h la dé day tim. 10.2. BAI TAP 10.2.1. Bai tap gidi mAu Bai tap 10.1 Hay xdc dinh vécto lye nut chung cua tim trong hinh 10.2. Cho: E = 200 GPa, v = 0.3, p = 7800 kg/m’, 1 = 0.25 m. y Hinh 10.2. Tam ngam-ty do chiu lye phan bé déu trén canh ty do LOIGIAI Voi ly thuyét tam Kirchhoff, sir dung = thay cho g, va oe thay cho 9,. O day ta sir dung tinh chat déi ximg cia thm déi véi truc x. Cac bac ty do déu bing 0 tai y = 0 (canh ngam), w = 0 va @ hay ~,=0 doc theo truc d6i ximg (x = 0). Luc trén canh y = 1 m duge quy déi nhu sau: 1691, Néu sir dung ly thuyét tim bac nhat c6 ké dén bién dang cat, lire tai cdc nit 6 canh tam bing g va bang q/ tai cdc nut bén trong tam (/ 1a chiéu dai cua phan tir doc theo true x). Do d6: F,) [125 F,}=4250$ N FJ [125 2. Néu sir dung ly thuyét Kirchhoff, ta c6 thé ding quy tic quy ddi Iue nit cia dim Euler-Bernoulli (xem 6 phan Phan tir dam va khung). Lic nay taco: F} 125 M, — 5.2083 F,{_} 250 M, (240 Fy 125 M, 5.2083 Bai tap 10.2 Tim vécto lye nut cia mt phan tir thugc tim ngam-ty do-ngam-ty do chiu luc phan bé déu voi: E = 69 GPa, v = 0.25, p = 2700 kg/m’, J, = 0.5 m, q=1kNim 1 = 0.375 m. Hinh 10.3. Tam chiu luc phan bé dau trén toan dién tich 170LOIGIAI Cac diéu kién bién & day: Wi = Oxi = Oy = 0 voi i = 3, 6,9 Oy1 = Oy = 0 8x1 = Ox4 = x7 = Oxg = 0 W7 = Wg =0 1, Sir dung ly thuyét Kirchhoff, vécto lye nuit duge tinh nhu trong Bai tap 10.1 2. Néu sir dung ly thuyét bién dang cét bac nhat, luc nit trén mét phan tri: gq; = Me Dua vao cach chia luéi cia bai toan, ta thu duge: R=", gaan, 7 2x“Aypycan A 4 4 4 Trong dé: A = |, /y la dién tich cua mét phan tir. Cuédi cing, ta thu duge: Fi) (46.875 F, ‘ |_| 93.75 | F,|~ ) 93.75 F.} (187.5 Bai tap 10.3 Khao sat tim ngam-ngam 6 hai canh déi dién chju lyc tap trung P & gitta tam nhw hinh 10.4. Cho E = 210 GPa, v= 0.3, t= 0.01 m, a= 5m, b= 1m, P= 100N. Hay xéc dinh chuyén vi uén tai diém gitta cia tim va phn bé img suat trong tém bing hai cach chia luéi 4 x 4 va 16 x 8. LOI GIAI Vi ly do cae céng thite tinh ton kha phire tap nén Idi giai bang tay 1a khdng thye té. Bai toan duge giai trén chuong trinh tinh ton céng nghiép ANSYS/Multiphysics. Tam duge m6 phong bing phan tir tim SHELL63 chinh la phan tir sir dung cdc c6ng thite da néu trong phan ly thuyét. 171Sau khi m6 phong va tinh toan, ta thu duge cdc Idi gidi sau : 1, TAm chia ludi 4 x 4 Gid tri chuyén vi uén tai diém gitta tam : Uz = -0.003131 m oes AN Hinh 10.4. Tam ngam — ngam chiu lye tap trung Phan bé img suat tinh theo tiéu chun Von Mises duge biéu dién trén hinh 10.5. a Hinh 10.5. Ung suat cia tim ngam — ngam, chia loi 4 x 42. Tém chia ludi 16 x 8 See 19359283 mmm eee ar mon see? “Tan sane soe sae ne semen cane Hinh 10.6. Ung suat cia tam ngam — ngam, chia loi 16 x 8 Gia tri chuyén vi uén tai diém gitta tim : Uz = -0.0035152 m Phan bé img suat tinh theo tiéu chun Von Mises dugc biéu dién trén hinh 10.6. Nhdn xét : Qua cdc két qua thu duge, ré rang két qua chinh xdc hon néu tdm duge chia luéi min hon. Bai tap 10.4 Khao sat tm tua bén canh chiu lye tap trung P 6 gitta tim nhu hinh 10.7. Cho E = 210 GPa, v= 0.3, t= 0.01 m, a=2 m, b=2 m, P= 1000N. Hay xdc dinh chuyén vi uén tai diém gitta cia tim va phan bé tng sudt trong tm bang hai cach chia ludi 8 x 8 va 16 x 16. 173Hinh 10.7. Tam twa bén canh chiu lye tap trung LOI GIAL Duoi day 1a 1di gidi cia bai tod4n trén chuong trinh tinh todn céng nghiép ANSYS/Multiphysics. Sau khi mé phong va tinh toan, ta thu duge cdc két qua sau : 1, Tam chia lu6i 8 x 8: Gia tri chuyén vi uén tai diém gitta tam : Uz = -0.00250586 m Phan bé img suat tinh’ theo tiéu chuan Von Mises duge biéu dién trén hinh 10.8. ‘ee ree ~ AN | a Hinh 10.8. Ung suat cia tam tya bén canh, chia luoi 8 x 82. Tam chia luéi 16 x 16: Gia tri chuyén vj uén tai diém gitta tim : Uz = -0.00242205 m Phan bé img suat tinh theo tiéu chudn Von Mises duge biéu dién trén hinh 10.9. Hinh 10.9. Phan bé wng suat trong tm twa bén canh chia lv6i 16 x 16 Nhén xét : D6 chinh xéc cia phuong phdp phu thudc vao dé min cia viée chia ludi Bai tap 10.5 Khao sat tam ngam - ty do chiu luc tap trung P 6 gitta mot dau tim nhu hinh 10.10. Cho E = 210 GPa, v = 0.3, t= 0.01 m, a =5 m, b=1 m, P = 100N. Hay xac dinh chuyén vi uén tai diém gitta cla canh t4m tu do va phan bé img suat trong tim bang hai cdch chia ludi 4 x 4 va 16 x 8. LOI GIAI Dui day 1a loi giai cua bai ton trén chuong trinh tinh todn céng nghiép ANSYS/Multiphysics. Sau khi mé phdng va tinh todn, ta thu duge cdc két qua sau : 175Hinh 10.10. Tam ngam-ty do chiu luc tap trung 1. Tam chia ludi4 x 8: Gia tri chuyén vj uén tai diém gitta tam : Uz = -0.232177 m Chuyén vj cia tim dugc biéu dién trén hinh 10.11. Hinh 10.114. Chuyén vj cla tam ngam-ty do Sau day 1a phan bé img su4t trong tam theo tiéu chudn Von Mises : 176Hinh 10.12. Phan bé teng suat trong tam ngam-ty do, chia ludi 4x8 2. Tam chia ludi 8 x 16 Gia tri chuyén vi uén tai diém gitta tim : Uz = 0.233057 m Phan bé img suat tinh theo tiéu chudn Von Mises dugc biéu dién trén hinh 10.13. Hinh 10.13. Phan bé tng suat trong tam ngam-ty do, chia luéi 8x16 Nhén xét : Can nang cao d6 min cua ludi dé dat 46 chinh xdc cao hon. 42.2PPT HOU HAN 177Bai tap 10.6 Khao sat tim ngam-ngam 6 hai canh déi dién chju lye phan bd déu q nhu hinh 10.14, Cho E = 210 GPa, v = 0.25, t= 0.01 m,a=2m,b=2m, P = 100 N/m’. Hay xdc dinh chuyén vi uén tai diém gitra cia tam va phan bé img suat trong tam bang hai cach chia ludi 6 x 6 va 12 x 12. Meme AN 8 cs amt aroL mm PRES-NOR 100 Hinh 10.14. Tam ngam-ngam chiu lve phan bé déu LOI GIAI: Dudi day 1a loi gidi cua bai toan trén chuong trinh tinh toan céng nghigp ANSYS/Multiphysics. Sau khi mé phong va tinh todn, ta thu duge cac két qua sau : 1. Tam chia ludi 6 x 6: Gia tri chuyén vj uén tai diém gitta tm : Uz = -0.000232991 m Sau day la phan bé img suat trong tm theo tiéu chudn Von Mises : 178Hinh 10.15. Phan bé wng suat trong tam ngam-ngam, chia luei 6x6 Theo tinh ton, img suat Ién nhat thu duge & canh ngam : max = 0.16800 x 107 Nim? 2. Tam chia luéi 12 x 12: Gia tri chuyén vi udn tai diém gitta tim : Uz = -0.000231283 m Phan bé img suét tinh theo tigu chudn Von Mises duge biéu dién trén hinh 10.16, (mg suat 16n nat thu duge 6 canh ngim : Gna: = 0.1686243 x 10” Nim? Hinh 10.16. Phan bé Wing suat trong tm ngam-ty do, chia jwei 12x12 Nhdn xét : R6 rang d6 chinh xdc cia 16i giai phu thuéc vao dé min cla lu6i chia. 17910.2.2. Bai tp ty gidi Bai tp 10.7 Khao sat tim ngam bén canh nhu hinh 10.17. Cho E = 200 GPa, v = 0.25, t = 0.02 m, kich thuéc fine 2m x 2m. Gia trj luc phan bé déu trén tam : q = 100 N/m?, Hay x4c dinh cdc chuyén vi Ién nhét va img sud? Jén nhat cua tam voi hai cach chia lu6i 4 x 4 va 10 x 10. 7 Hinh 10.17. Tam ngam bén canh chiu lye phan bé déu Bai tap 10.8 Cho tam chit L ngam hai dau nhu hinh 10.18. Biét E = 210 GPa, v = 0.3, t=0.01 m, P = 300 N. Hay xc dinh gia tri va vi tri cia cac diém c6 chuyén vj va img sudt Ion nhat. 1m Hinh 10.18. Tam ngam chi? L chiu Ive tap trung 180Bai tap 10.9 Khao sat tam ngam-ty do chju lye phan bd q = 200 N/m? 6 dau tu do cia tim. Biét E = 69 GPa, v = 0.25, t= 0.01 m. Hay xdc dinh cae vi tri va cdc diém cé chuyén vi va img suat én nhat. Hinh 10.19. Tam ngam — ty do chiu lye 181Cheong 44 PHAN TU HUU HAN TRONG BAI TOAN DONG LUC HOC KET CAU 11.1. LY THUYET Phuong trinh chuyén déng: MO+KQ=F (11.1) Trong d6 M 1a ma tran khéi lugng cia hé; K 1a ma tran d6 cimg cua hé. Phuong trinh dao déng ty do: MO + KQ =0 (11.2) MA TRAN KHOI! LU'QNG CUA PHAN TU’ CO KHOI LUQNG PHAN BO Xét mét vat ligu c6é khdi long riéng p bang hang sé, ta cd: m‘ = p|N'NdV (11.3) a) Phdn tit thanh mét chiéu me -2Ade[2 1 (11.4) 6 {1 2 dV=Adx a % 1 le 2 Hinh 11.1, Phan td 1 chigu i" Hinh 11.2. Phan td gian b) Phan tir trong hé thanh phang 2010 aro}? 2.0 1 (11.5) 6|1 020 0102 182¢) Phan tie tam gide Hinh 11.3. Phan tir tam gidc phang 201010 020101 pAt.{1 0 2 01 0 (11.6) “12° 10,1 0.2, °0 1 101020 Ogle O wie: 2 d) Phan tit tam gide déi xteng truc 4 _ = ie oe ie SE he end BES 0. Phe 0 Oni eRear.. 0 ra 0 ao pote An alap pot aL7 a 0 Gnt2r 0 2-4 0 WwW} 9 7-2 9 Sn 49r Go ape ar-2 0 ara 6 fa+d lo 3 3 3 0 ar 0 ar-a 0 <4+2r ass iy Di eh Trong do: aaa (11.8) ¢) Phdn tie tk gide M1 m* = pt, [Jn Tweety dé dn (11.9) a4 183Dé tinh ma tran khéi lugng trén, ta can ap dung céng thitc tich phan sé. Sf) Phan tit dim (im Hinh 11.4. Phan tir dam 156 221, 54-131, «_pAJ,| 22% 412 131, -312 m™="220| 54 131, 156-221, CT) -131, -312 -221, 412 g) Phan tit khung Trong hé toa d6 dia phuong (x’, y'): 2a 0 0 a 0 0 0 1565 221,76 0 54b -131,b «| 0 2212 4176 0 131.6 -3126 la 0 0 om OC aii 0 54 1315 0 1566 221.5 0 -131,b -31,7b 0 -221,b 412b err I, voi ky hiéu: a= PAL. sb= PAL. 6 420 Ma trn khdi lugng m* cua phan tir khung trong hé toa do chung duge xac dinh boi: mi =D mL (11.12) 11.2. BAI TAP 11.2.1. Bai tap gidi mau Bai tap 11.1 Khao sat mét hé gdm ba 10-xo thing dimg néi v6i ba khéi lugng nh hinh 11.5a. Cac 46 cimg cia 3 10-xo tir trén xudng dn uot 1a k, 2k va k. Xac dinh cac tin sé dao d6ng riéng va cdc dang dao ddng cua hé. 184 :Nati 9 7 : Hinh 11.5b. M6 hinh PTHH va Hinh 11.5a. Hé 3 1d xo va khdi lugng phan tir quy chiéu LOI GIAI Buéc 1, M6 hinh PTHH Sir dung phan tir m6t chidu, hé 1d-xo va khéi lugng duge mé hinh hoa v6i 4 nut va 3 phan tir duoc danh sé nhu hinh 11.5b Buéc 2, Lap bang ghép néi cac phan tir a a Phan tir 7 1 2 Phan tir 2 2 S Phan tir 3 a 4 i Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran d6 cimg cia cdc phan tir Theo céng thirc (2.4), ta thu duge cac ma tran dé cimg k', k?, cho cdc phan ti nhu sau : 12 2 3 , 4 pal kk] ga] 2k -2kl2 poll ke ks =k ke -2k 2k | -k kis 185Buée 4. Thiét lap ma tran d6 ctmg chung K k -k 0 0 1 -1 @ 0 7 -k k+2k -2k 0 -1 3 -2 0 (11.13) 0 -2k 2k+k -k 0 -2 3 -il 0 0 -k k 0 o -1 1 Buéc 5. Thiét lap ma tran khéi lugng Do khéi hong tap trung tai cc nut, ta cd ma tran khéi luong sau : K 00 0 0 0 0 Moo om 00 m 0 0 0 0 2m Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh dao dong [M]Q}+[K]Q]={0} Nghiém dao d6ng ty do ctia hé duoc viét duéi dang : Q,=Uje™ (i=1+4).Tacé: 1 -1 0 offu, 0 0 0 .o0jfU,) fo “13-2 0f0,{_J0 mo 0 |Iu,{_lol yy 14 0 -2 3 -1/Nu, 00m ofju,{ jo 0. 0. .-1, 1D, 0 0 0 2milu,} |o Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai todn, ta cé Qi = 0, bo di hang 1 va cét 1 cua hé, ta cd: 3-2 o]fu, m 0 0jfU,) fo k-2 3 -1hu,$-o'}0 m o ku,}=Joh — (11-15) 0 -1 1]lu, 0 0 2milu.} fo Tan s6 dao dong riéng cua hé duge tinh tir céng thire: Bk-mo*? — -2k 0 -2k — 3k-me? -k |=0 0 -k — k-2mo? Khai trién dinh thirc, ta cd: 2 3 of 65 +1) o -(4) =0 m m 186Dat : ~ o{ ©), gi phuomg tinh tatu dupe cc tin s6 dao d6ng ring: m , = oaor4/E (rad/s) ;@, =1.1800 (rad/s) ; m ©, = 2.24es,|% (rad/s) m Dé tinh todn cdc dang dao d6ng, ta thay cAc lan lot cdc tin sé dao dong riéng vao phuong trinh (11.14) va dit U} =1, i=1,2,3 Thay @, vao (11.14), ta cé hé : 2.8470, -2U; =0 —2U}, +2.847U; - Uj =0 —U}+0.694U} =0 Giai hé nay, ta thu duge dang dao dong riéng thir nhat : 1 {a'}={a!N1.4325 2.0511 Tuong ty, thay cdc gia tri @, va @3 vao (11.14), ta thu duge cac dang dao d6ng riéng thir hai va thir ba : 1 1 {a7}={a2}} 0.8544 | ; {47}={43})-1.0279 — 0.5399 0.1128 Bai tap 11.2 Sir dung mé hinh hai phan tir, hay xdc dinh cac tin s6 dao dong riéng cua true tron ngam mét dau trong hinh 11.6a. 187Hinh 11.6a. Truc tron ngam mét dau Hinh 11.6b. M6 hinh PTHH LOI GIAI Bude 1, Mé hinh PTHH Truc duge mé hinh héa voi 3 nut va 2 phan tir duge dénh s6 nhu hinh 11.6b Buéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir a a Phan ti 1 1 2 Phan tiv 2 2 3 Bude 3. Ma tran d6 ctmg cha cdc phan tr 12 2 3 pi a2BA) 1 -1)) ye 2EAl 1 - (11.16) Ll-1 ide Lj-11 Buée 4, Ma tran d6 ctmg chung K seale oe K=-—j-1 2. =1 (11.17) v lo -1 1] Buéc 5. Ma tran khéi lugng Ap dung céng thite (11.4), ta thu duge ma tran khéi lugng cho cdc phan tr : fn'J=bm]-PA2] Va ma trn khdi lugng cita hé : [w]-242 (11.18) orn pe Neo 188Buc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh dao d6ng [M[6}+[kJo]= {0} Nghiém dao déng cita hé dug viét dudi dang : Q, =U,e (i=1+3). Tacé: fi -1 ou, 2 1 ojlfu,) fo mei 2 -1u, ~o OAL 4 iku,$=40 o -1 14|U, o 1 2ilu,} lo Ap dung diéu kién bién cia bai todn : Q; hé, ta cd: = 0, bé di hang 1 va cét 1 cha 24E/ 2 -1)(U, -g?lt 14{U2]_ fo ia FU; 1 2}|u,J° lo Tan s6 dao d6ng riéng cua truc thoa man phuong trinh: 24-40? -A’-w? -A-o 2-207 (11.19) Loe, oi nat Khai trién dinh thire va gidi phvong trinh véi @, ta thu duge: L 5 (rad/s) poe zi (rad/s) L = i a ies 1.571 [E So sanh voi nghiém = giai_ tich: nig ayaa (rad/s) va 4.712 a, = Pp 472 [E (rad/s), ta thay muén dat duge d6 chinh xc cao hon, ta phai chia nhiéu phan tir hon nffa. Bai tap 11.3 g E,Jp Qs 1 L. Qs Hinh 11.7a. Dam ngam-ty do Hinh 11.7b. Mo hinh PTHH. 189Hay xac dinh cdc tin sé dao dong riéng cia dim ngam-ty do trong hinh 11.7a. LOIGIAI Buéc 1. M6 hinh PTHH Dam duge m6 hinh héa v6i 2 nit va 1 phan tir duge danh sé nhu hinh 11.7b. Buwéc 2. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir ty do Nati Nat j Phan tir ‘Gan Qa, Qa Q3j Phan tir 4 ‘< 2 3 4 Buéc 3. Tinh ma tran d6 cimg chung weedy hip ceta 12 6L -12 6L]: K=E4)6L 4LF -6L aL? |e L}-i2 -6b 12 -6L|s 6L 2? -6L 4? Ja Buée 4. Thiét lap ma tran khéi lugng Ap dung cong thite (11.10), ta cd : 4 136 22L) 84 -13L |: pm] =2AL 22L 417 13h -31? |e 420) 54 13L 156 -22L|s -13L -3L' -22L 41?'}4 Buée . Giai hé phuong trinh dao d6ng [M][@] +[K][Q]= {0} Nghiém dao déng cia hé duge viét dudi dang: @, = U,e"" @=1+4). Ta thu duge: 12 6L -12 6L){U, 156 22L #54 -13L)](U, (0) by 6. 4 -6L 217 ||U,| ,pAL| 22L 41? 138L -317 |JU,|_ Jo Tl-12 -6L 12 -6L\\u,{~° 420] 54 13L 156 -2aL/]u,{~ Jo [6L 21? -6L a | Ly, -13L -31? -22L 4L? |[U,) {lo Ap dung diéu kién bién ciia bai toan : U; = U2 = 0, bé di hang 1, 2 va cét 1, 2 cla hé, ta cd: 190420EJ[ 12 -6L]{U, —o?| 158 -22L]/U,| _ fo pAL' |-6L 41? }|U, -22L 4L }lu,J° lo Cac tan sé dao dong riéng cla dim duoc tinh tir céng thite : a _ 420EJ =0 vGi A= pALt 12,-1560" © -6AL + 2210" -6AL +22L0* —417(A- a) Giai phuong trinh nay ta thu duge : O.= F517, ae (rad/s) ©, =92.5 cn (rad/s) So sanh véi nghiém giai tich chinh xdc: EJ 5 @, =3.516, pAL! (rad/s) VA m, = 22.03. pAL? (rad/s) Bai tap 11.4 4(10,30) 3(40,30)) tec. x 14(10,10) 2(40,10)) Hinh 11.8. Tam che nhat Hay xac dinh ma tran khéi lugng cia tam trong hinh 11.8, biét p = 7.83x10%kg/mm? 191LOI GIAI M6 hinh PTHH Tdm duge mé hinh héa vi 1 phan tir tt gide 4 nut duge dénh sé nhu hinh 11.8. Bang ghép noi cdc phan tit ™ Bac ty do Nati Natj Phan tty Qais Qa Qa Qa Phan tur 1 1 - 3 4 Thiét lap ma tran khdi legng Sir dung cng thire (11.9) va tinh cdc tich phan kép ta sé tinh duge tat ca cdc sé hang cla ma tran khéi Iugng cia tam. O day, céc ham dang duge biéu dién cy thé nhu sau: Nin)= 70-80) Na(n)=F(1+8)(4-n) Ny (Gn) =F(1+8)(L+n) N,(6n)=F00-9)(+n) ‘ O day: & = (x — 25V/15 va n = (y — 209/10, do dé : dx = 15d va dy = 10dn. Tacé: m,= JfJentn, dV =150 pt J Iss; dédn Dé minh hoa, ta tién hanh tinh todn mét s6 s6 hang ciia ma tran khéi lugng: m,, =150 x50] Nidedn = 25 | J Jo- &)' (1=n)fagan _750 (1-8) eal 3 =—p| -—— = =2.6x10 ky 16 of 3 II, 2), Oe im, =160 xBxp | [NN,dédn =e | J JQQ-8*)@-n)'agan 750, (, OY (434)] eS oS =1.3x10° (kg) ly* Tuong ty, ta tinh duge tt cd cdc sd hang cua ma tran khéi lugng: 26 13 07 13 0 O 0 26 13 0.7 0 0 26 13 0 0 26 0 0 [M]= 26 13 0.7 13 a/x 2.6 1.3 0.7 26 13 26 0 o 0 o oO 0 0 Bai tap 11.5 Tim tan sé dao d6ng riéng cia hé thanh phing trong hinh 11.9. Cho: E=69 GPa, A = 0.001 m’, p = 274.2 kg/m? 1.016 m 1.016 m Hinh 11.9. Hé thanh phang LOIGIAI Buéc 1. Mé hinh PTHH Hé thanh duge mé hinh héa voi 6 nut va 8 phan tir duge danh sé nh hinh 11.9. 193 13-PPPT HUU HANTinh toan cdc thong s6 hinh hoe: lL. 9; =0° h=l m,=0 oa Q, = 45° 1 =0.707 m2 = 0.707 3. 03 =0° &=1 m3=0 4. 0, =90° h=0 m= 5. =0° Kel me=0 6. O,3.135° 1s =—-0.707 mg = 0.707 7. 8; = 0° G=1 m=0 8. 8, = 90° Ig=0 mg=1 Buéc 2, Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nat j Phan tir Qa. | Qa 2 im Phan tir 1 1 Phan tle 2 Phan tr 3 Phan tl 4. Phan ti 5 N] oe] nN} nN} NJ o Phan tu 6 Phan tu 7 eo} x] ©} a] a] wo] = © Phan tl 8 Buc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg cdc phan tur 1 2 oes 6.7913 0 -6.7913 0]: Keio; 9 0 0 Of 0 0. -6.7913 0 6.7913 0 0 0 8 6 2.4011 2.4011 -2.4011 -2.4011]: ket0'x| 24011. 2.4011 -2.4011 -2.4011]2 -2.4011 -2.4011 2.4011 2.4011 |7 -2.4011 -2.4011 2.4011 2.4011 |s 1943 4 1 6.7913 0 -6.7913 0 0 oO -6.7913 0 6.7913 0 0 0 k* =10"x 200 oO o 0 6.7913 0 -6.7913]s 0 0 oo oe 0 k# =10"x 0 -6.7913 5 6.7913 0 6.7913 0 k®=10" ooc oe ° ooo$5s 10 1 8 9 10 2.4011 -2.4011 -2.4011 2.4011 |7 -2.4011 2.4011 2.4011 -2.4011]s ~2,4011 2.4011 2.4011 -2.4011]s 2.4011 -2.4011 -2.4011 2.4011 Ji k®=10’x 7 soon ow Bind ifvabee, jay Cae 6.7913 0 -6.7913 0|7 6.7913 0 -6.7913 0} Kra1o’x| 9 0 0 Ofs.ys_qor7y] 0 0 0 Ofw -6.7913 0 6.7913 O/u -6.7913 0 6.7913 Oj|n 0 0 0 Of: 0 0 oO Oj}x Buéec 4, Ma tran dé citng chung K 0.9192 0.2401 0 0 0671 0 -0.2401 -02401 0 ° ° 0 02401 02401 0 0 0 © 02401 -02401 0 ° oo ° 0 osm 0 0 0 06791 0 ° © o 0 ° ° o 0 0 ° ° ° ° ° o 0 -06701 0 0 0 18588 0 ° 0 0671 0, 0 0 Ketel .° ° 0 0 0 0671 0 067810 ° a) 0.2401 0.2401 -06791 0 0 0 1.8385 «0.2401 0.2401 0.6791 0 0.2401 0.2401 0 0 0 06791 0 1.1894 0.2401 -0.2401 0 ° ° ° © 0 -06791 0 0.2401 -0.2401 0.9192 -02401 0 ° ° ° 0 0 0 0 0.2401 0.2401 -02401 0.9192 0 0.6701 ° ° o 0 0 0-087 0 ° © 067m 0 ° ° o 0 0 o ° ° 0 0671 0 ~~ ogra Sau khi tinh todn va tién hanh lp ghép, bo di cdc hang va cOt tuong tmg voi diéu kién bién Q; = Q: = Qs = Qy = 0, ta c6 ma trdn d6 ctmg chung sau : 1951.3583 0 0 0 0.6791 0 0 0 0 0.6791 0 0.6791 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8385 0 = =0.2401 0.2401 -0.6791 0 K=10"~ 0 0.6791 0 1.1594 0.2401 —-0.2401 0 0 0.6791 0 0.2401 0.2401 0.9192 -0.2401 0 0 0 0 0.2401 -0.2401 -0.2401 0.9192 0 — 0.6791 0 0 0.6791 0 0 0 0.6791 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6791 0 0.6791 Buwéc 5. Ma tran khéi lugng M , Ap dung céng thitc (11.5), ta tinh duge ma tran khéi lugng cia cdc phan tir cua hé. Céc phan tir 1, 3, 4, 5,7, 8 c6 cing chiéu dai nén ¢6 cling ma tran khéi lung: [mu] =[mP =[my' = [my =[m) =[my = 2010 52 0 26 0 278.584x107|0 2 0 1 0 52 0 26), = 278:584%107 | =17, 107 (ki 6 10 2 of 8*\o6 9 52 0 [Xo He 0102 0 26 0 5.2 Déi voi cdc phan tir 2 va 6: 2010 7.36 0 368 0 393.978x107|0 2 0 1 0 7.36 0 3.68 [Mf =[M}l =————*— =17.858x «107 (kj pay cleat 1020 3.68 0 736 0 s) 0102 0 368 0 7.36 Lap ghép ma tran khdi Iuong theo bang ghép néi phan tir, ta thu duge: 0.2242 0 0 0 0.0464, 0 0.0657 0 0 0 oO 0 0 02242 0 0 0 00464 0 00657 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0.0929 0 o oO 0.0464 0 0 0 0 0 oO Oo 0 0.0929 0 0 0 0.0464 0 0 0 0 0 0 oO 0.2786 0 0.0464 0 0.0464 0 0 oO 0.0464 0 0 0 0.2786, 0 0.0464 0 0.0464 0 0 0 0044 0 0 0 osH2 0 00657 0 0.0464 0 Oo 0.0657 0 0.0464 Oo 0 0 0.5412 0 0 0 04 o 0 o oO 0.0464 0 0.0657 0 03171 0 0.0464 0 o 0 oO 0 0 0.0464 0 0 0 03171 0 0.0464 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0464 o 0.0464 0 0.1857 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0464 0 0.0468 00.1887, 196Sau khi bo di cdc hang va c6t tuong tmg véi cac diéu kién bién, ta cd ma tran thu gon: 0.2786 0 0.0464 Oo 02786 0 0.0464 0 0.5412 0 0.0464 0 [M]= 0.0464 «890 = 0.0679 0 0.0464 0 0 0 0.0464 0 0 0 0 0.0464 0 0.5412 0 0.0657 0 0.0464 Buéc 6. Giai hé phuong trinh dao dong [MJ0|+[k]Q]= {0} Tan sé dao dong riéng duge rut ra tir phuong trinh : Det(—w? [M] + [K]) =0 Hé (11.20) duge giai bing cach sir dung cdc ng6n ngit l4p trinh nhu Matlab, Mathematica, C++... Ta cé két qua sau: 0.0464 0 0 0 0 0.0464 0 0 0.0657 oO 0.0464 0 0 0.0657 0 0.0464 0.3171 0 0.0464 0 0 0.3171 0, 0.0464 0.0464 0 0.1857 0 0 0.0464 0 0.1857 (11.20) Mode dao d6ng Tan sé @ (rad/s) 1 767.1 2082.3 2958.7 4504.8 6790.9 7975.9 @}~] ao] a| a} oo} 8664.5 8977.4 11.2.2. Bai tap ty giai Bai tap 11.6 Hinh 11.10. Hé thanh va Id xo 14.PPPT HUU HAN 197Xac dinh tan sé dao d6ng riéng cia hé thanh va 10-xo trong hinh 11.10. Thanh duge chia lam hai phan ti. Cho: E = 200GPa, p = 7500kg/m’, A=1.6x 104m’, L=2.5m, k= 107 N/m, bé qua kh6i lugng ctia 1d-xo. Bai tap 11.7 Xéc dinh tin sé dao d6ng riéng cia céc dim trong hinh 11.1la va 11.11b, biét E, p, A va J déu la hang sé. g © ® L L Hinh 11.114a. Dam chia 2 phan tr See oy L L L Hinh 11.11b. Dam chia 3 phan tir Bai tap 11.8 Hay tinh cac tin sé dao d6ng riéng cla cdc dam trong cdc hinh 11.12a, 11.12b va 11.12c str dung hai mé hinh: 2 phan tir va 3 phan ti. Biét E, A, J va p déu 1a hing sé. GY : | Hinh 11.12a. Dam ngam-ty do Y 7 Z L % L Hinh 11.12b. Dam ngam-twa Hinh 14.12c. Dam ban Id - ban 18 198Bai tap 11.9 Hay xée dinh tin s6 dao (5 = d6ng riéng cia hé dim, 1d-xo EJ = EJ va vat nang trong hinh 11.13. Biét: L = 4 m, p = 2710 tr ATC kg/m, E = 70 GPa, J = 350.9 x 10% m’, A = 8.39 x 10° Hinh 11.13. Hé dam, Id-xo va vat nang m’, k = 4 x 10° N/m, bé qua khéi lugng cua 1d xo. E=210GPa J=4x 10% m* A=2x 10? m* Bai t@p 11.10 Hay xac dinh tin sé dao déng riéng cia hé khung phing trong hinh 11.14 Hinh 11.14. Hé dan phang 199Chuang 12 PHUONG PHAP GHEP NOI MA TRAN DO CUNG CHUNG VA VECTO LUC NUT CHUNG 12.1. LY THUYET Viée ghép cac ma tran d6 ctmg k' va cc vécto lye f' cia cdc phan tir dé tao ra ma tran d6 cimg K va vécto lye nit F chung cho ca hé, tir dé thiét lap hé phuong trinh PTHH 1a mét van dé quan trong. Cach dé nhat dé ghép cdc phan tir 1a gan sé cho mai dong va cét cha ma tran dé cimg phan tir ding voi bac ty do cua phan tir dy, sau dé ching ta sé lam viée qua cc sé hang cia ma tran phan ti; tic 1a céng cdc sé hang nay vao ma tran chung ma mdi déng, méi cét cing duge gan ding nhing sé trén. Céc bude ghép néi ma tran dé cimg chung va vécto luc nut chung bao gdm : Buéc 1: Trude hét, cdn lap bang ghép ndi cdc phan tir, bang nay phy thudc kiéu phan ti va cach chia phan tir. Bang nay xdc dinh vi tri cia timg sé hang cia ma tran d6 cimg cdc phan tir trong ma tran d6 ctmg chung K. Buéc 2: Dya trén bang ghép néi da lap, tién hanh danh sé céc hang va cdc ct cla cdc ma tran d6 cimg cac phan tir. Buéc 3 : Ghép néi ma tran bang cach cong cdc sé hang cia ma tran dé cimg cia mdi phan tir vao cdc vi tri tuong img cia ma tran dé cimg chung va cng cae sé hang cia vécto luc vao vécto luc chung. 20012.2. BAI TAP 12.2.1. Bai tap gidi mau Bai tap 12.1 Mot két cdu duge chia ra 8 phn tir tam gidc nhu hinh 12.1. Mi phan tir cé 3 mit; mdi nut c6 1 bac tu do (vi dy nhiét 46). M6 ta qua trinh ghép néi ma tran d6 ctmg chung K véi gia sir chi xét 3 phan tir dau tién: 1, 2 va 3 voi cdc ma tran d6 cimg 4a biét nhu sau: 731 k's/3 6 2 812 941 Piel i? 7 3}; k<| 4-6 0 23 4 105 126 Hinh 12.1. Cac phan tir tam giac LOI GIAI Buéc 1. Xy dymg bang ghép néi phan tir (dudng dén cdc nut nguge chiéu kim déng hd) Bac ty do 1 2 3 Phan te 1 1 2 2 4 2 3 2 3 5 201Buéc 2. Danh sé timg phan tir Véi phan tir 1, céc dong va c6t duge nhan dang nhu sau: 124 73 1) 1 k'=|3 6 2] 2 125) 4 Ma tran nay duge cong vao ma tran d6 cig chung va ta sé duge: 12 345 730 GD OU.ay 36020. 2 xu|9 9000-1 3 1205 0+) 4 00000 5 Ma tran d6 cimg cia phan tir 2 durge gan sé béi: 425 81 2] 4 af lst line 23 4) 56 Céc sé hang cia ma tran k? duge céng thém vao ma trfn chung, cho ta 1 2 3 4 5 h einGchitc 0 1 38 6+7 0 24+1 3 2 x-|° 0 0 0 0: 3 1 2+1 0 54+8 2 + 4 0 3 0 2 4 5 Voi phan tir 3: eta 9 4 Iie kK°=|4 6 O|s 10 5]s KR Cac 86 hang cua ma tran dugc céng tiép vao ma tran chung 6 trén, cho ta: 2021 2 Bo 4 oe 7 3 0 1 0 2 3°13+9 4 3 Stl + +le Ke 0 4 6 0 0+0 -+/s 1 3 0 138 2 4 0 5 3+1 040 2 44+5 + Viéc céng cdc vécto luc phan tir vao vécto luc chung duge tién hanh hoan toan tuong tu. Bai tp 12.1 5 Gia sir c6 hai phan tir 1 va 4 ® trong bai toén hai chiéu; mdi phan tir c6 3 nit, méi nuit c6 2 bac trdo 1 2 (hinh 12.2), Hay mé ta qua trinh ghép néi ma tran d6 cimg chung K va vécto luc nut chung, theo cac : ma tran d6 cimg phan tir va vécto 1 lye nut phan te k, k', f! va f* cho Hinh 12.2. Ghép néi phan ti hai chiéu truéc nhu sau: -8 -6 -7 25 -2 -4 -3 -7 -8 -2 27 -7 -6 -6 -7 -4 -7 28 22-3 -7 -4 -6 -2 3 -3 29 -9 -9 -1 -7 6 wa[-7 -9 30 -6 -3 5). 4 -4 -9 -6 31 -4 -8 1 6 -1 -8 -4 16 -2 7 -2 -7 -5 -8 +2 %4 5 23-19-68 Ys <5 9 -1 19 -2 -4 -7 -5 7 xia|78 2 80-7 -8 -7), 4 _J6 2 4 5 203LOI GIAI Céc nuit ciia phan tir 1 1a: (1, 2, 5). Bac ty do tuong img cia phan tir la: {421 er Geer Ga; Ger a} ={4, a as ay a Gro} Cac hang va c6t cla ma tran d6 cimg phan tir 1 duge gan cdc sé img véi bac ty do tong img ctia no va cdc sé hang cia ma tran duge cng vao cdc vi tri tuong img cua ma tran dé cimg chung. ee ge ae et 22-3 -7 -4 6 -2)1 -3 29 -9 -9 -1 -7]2 -7 -9 30 -6 -3 -5]s k= -4 -9 -6 31 -4 -8|4 -6 -1 -3 -4 16 -2/9 -2-7 -5 -8 -2 2410 1. 28 8 48 6 7 8 8 we Ne 22-3 -7 40000 -6 -2 00 0]: -3 29-9 90000 -1-7 0 0 «le 7-9 30 60000 -3 -5 0 0 -|s 4-9 -6 310000 -4 -8-0 0/4 0 00000000 0 0 0 «Is 000000000 000 «le K=| 0 0 000000 0 0 0 «ly 0 0000000 0 0 -|s -6 -1 -3 -4000 0 16 -2 0 0 «le 2-7 - -8 0000 -2 24 0 0 «hw 0 00000000 0 0 0 «|i °0000 oo. . Tién hanh tuong ty déi voi ma tran 46 ctmg cia phan tir 4. Cac mit cia phan tir 4 la: (5, 2, 6). Bac ty do tong tmg cia phan tir 1a: r {aus G21 G41 42; Gor Ga} ={de dio Gs dy Gy aya)” 204Cac sé hang cia ma tran duoc cOng vao cac -1, -6 19 -2 -2 30 6 -7 -7 -8 5-7 -4 -3 -5]o -7 -5 ho -8 -T/s -2 -4/4 27 -T)n -7 28). tran d6 ctmg chung, ta nhan dugc két qua nhu sau: 2 -3 29 9 # 7 9 60 -13 0 oO 0 0 -9 7 -8 + 4 -4 9 -16 56 0 0 oO 0 -12 -12 ft -4 5 “CCC SCSCO COC OC OS 67 a) 0 “OCC SCCDBO0R0000 “OCCT CFCOCOCOCCCO Vécto luc mit cia cdc phan tir 1 chung theo cach tuong tu: 3). 6] 2 4a eit 1ja alt 0] s 4s Ore f= => F=s0¢7 7? Of» Ts 79 5} 10 lis O}u Of aeNars s 10 6-2 AA 9 -7 -12 -14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39-3 3 43 3 -7 5-5 vi tri tuong img cia ma va 4 ciing duge céng vao vécto luc nut cooow b oO 205Bai tap 12.3 Hé thanh-tém phing dugc mé hinh héa bing céc phan tir hai chiéu tam gidc, tir giéc va thanh 2D. Tai trong bao gdm luc tp trung Pj, P2, P3 tac dung lén nut 1, 2 va 5. Cho cdc ma tran dé cimg: k' = [A]exs; P= [Blo; k° = [Claas Hay xéc dinh ma tran d6 ctmg chung K va vécto luc nut chung F. Hinh 12.3. Hé hén hop phan ti hai chiéu LOIGIAI Buéc 1. Bang ghép néi cdc phan tir Bac ty do Nati Nat j Nat k Nat! Phan tir 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Phan te 1 1 2 3 4 7 8 6 Phan tir 2 1 2 9 10 4 Phan tl 3 9 10 ZL 8 Buéc 2. Danh sé ma tran dé cimg cdc phan tit 2061 2 a 4 7 An Aw Ai Aw Ai An Ay As Any Ass Ay Aw Ags Ay Aus w=|An Aa Ag Au Aw As, As: Ass Ase Ass As Ac Ac Ae Acs An An Am An Ars An Ag Ass Ags Ass > 2 9 w 3 4 Bu Bz Bs Bu Bis Bie} 1 By Bop By Bay By Bre |? k?=|Bu By Bay Bay By Bes}; Ba Ba Ba By By By |1 By Bry By By Bes Beg | Bo Be Bes Be Bes Beg} « Buéc 3. Ma tran d6 cimg chung K AntBy AntBy Ayt+By AytBy Ay Ais An+By An+Bn An+By Ay+By Ay Am An+Bsy An tBa An+By AytBy Ay Ay AntBy AatBa AgtBy AytBy Ag Ag kel 4x An Ann Ay Ay o| Aw Aw Ay Au An Aw Ay An As, Ay Ag Aw Ay Aa Ag Aa Ag Aw By, Bs Bs Bs, o 0 Bu Be Bus Bu, o 0 Buéc 4. Vécto luc nit chung F * Vécto luc mut phan ti 1: 3 0 2 { Ps a gms 9 0 7 * Vécto luc nit phan tir 3: f° -{8 00 ; Ai Ais |i Aw An As? Ase An Au|® Aw Aa Aal« Aue Aur Ass |7 Ae An Aes|e Aye An An [6 Aue Aer Ans Je Cu Cz Cis Culo we =|On rn Cas Cy, Cy Cy Cy Cy]? Gay Cy Cay Calis As Aw By By Ass Ay By By, Ass Ay By By Ass Aw Be By Ay Ay 0 0 As Ay 0 0 Asst Cy, Ay tC Cy Cy Austly Ag tly Cu Co Cy Cw By+Cy By tC, Cy Cu But+C, BytCy 4 7 8 6& 6)T -Ph, 000 a} w 3 4)T 00 a} ay * Vécto lye mit chung: F™={P, 0 0 -P, 0 0 0 0 P, oj" 20712.2.2. Bai tap ty giai Bai tap 12.4 @) Z @ rn ee ESSER eR, ; 2 Witt —0—V8hbi © © Hinh 12.4. Hé cac 1d xo 5 Tim ma tran d6 ctmg chung va vécto Iyc nut chung cua hé cac 16 xo trong hinh 12.4. Biét cdc ma tran 46 cimg: 1 _[ 2k -2k eee efi > oe k ae | : -[ | : [ a s_[ 3k -3k : [i | voi k 1a d6 citing cia 10 xo 2. Day 1a bai toan mét chidu. Bai tap 12.5 Ps y Py Ls 4 7 L4G. Hinh 12.5. Hé cac phan tr phang hai chiéu Tim ma tran d6 cimg chung K va vécto lyc nut chung F cua hé cac phan tir phing hai chiéu trong hinh 12.5. Biét ma tran d6 cimg cdc phan ti: k! = [allots KP = [bJoxs: k= [e]oxs 208Bai tap 12.6 Hay xac dinh ma tran d6 ctmg chung K va vécto luc nut chung F cia hé thanh-tém phang hai chiéu trong hinh 12.6. Tai trong bao gém cdc lye tap trung Pj, P2, P3, P4 tac dung én mit 3, 4 va 5. Cho cdc ma tran d6 cimg: k'= [Alex R= [Blexs k= [Che Hinh 12.6. Hé thanh-tam phang 209210 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1]. Daryl L. Logan, 4 first course in the Element Finite Method, 4" Edition, Thomson Canada Limited, 2007. [2]. Larry J. Segerlind, Applied Finite Element analysis, 2™ Edition, John Willey and Sons, 1984. [3]. Saeed Moaveni, Finite Element analysis - Theory and Applications with ANSYS, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1999. [4]. George R. Buchanan, Finite Element analysis, Schaum's Outline Serie, Mc Graw-Hill, 1995. [5]. S.S. Bhavikatti, Finite Element analysis, New Age International Publisher, 2005. [6]. M.Asghar Bhatti, Fundamental Finite Element analysis and applications, John Willey and Sons, 2005. . [7]. David V. Hutton, Fundamental of Finite Element analysis, Mc Graw-Hill, 2004. [8]. J. N. Reddy, Solution Manual for An Introduction to The Finite Element Method, 3 Edition, Mc Graw-Hill, 2005. [9]. G.R. Liu and S.S. Quek, The Finite Element Method - A practical course, Elsevier Science Ltd, 2003. [10]. Singiresu S. Rao, The Finite Element Method in Engineering, qn Edition, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2004. [11]. Erdogan Madenci and Ibrahim Guven, The Finite Element Method and applications in Engineering using ANSYS®, Springer, 2006.[12]. Young W. Kwon and Hyochoong Bang, The Finite Element Method using Matlab, CRC Press, 1996. [13]. Tran {eh Thinh, Ng6 Nhw Khoa, Phuong phdp Phan tit hitu han, Nha Xuat ban Khoa hoc ky thuat, 2007. [14]. Tran ich Thinh, Ng6 Nhw Khoa, Phuong phdp Phan tit hitu han, Nha Xuat ban Dai hoc Bach khoa, 2000. 211Chiu tréch nhiém xudt ban: Chi: tich Hoi déng Thanh vien kim Téng Giém doc NGO TRAN AI Téng bien tap kiém Pho Téng Gidm 6c NGUYEN QUY THAO Té chite bein théo va chiu trch nhiém noi dung: Ph6 Téng bién tap NGO ANH TUYET Giém d6c Cong ty CP Séch DH-DN NGO THI THANH BINH Bién tap noi dung va sita ban in : NGUYEN HA XUAN Trinh bay bia: DINH XUAN DUNG Thiét ké’ sdéch va ché’ ban: NGUYEN GIA HUNG Céng ty CP Sach Dai hoc Day nghé — Nha xuat ban Gido duc Viét Nam git quyén céng bé tac pham. PHUONG PHAP PHAN TU HUU HAN (Ly thuyét va bai tap) Mé sé: 7K623Y1 - DAI ‘$6 d&ng ki KHXB : 737 — 2011/CXB/7 — 1036/GD. In 1.000 cuén (QD in sé : 36), khé 16 x 24 cm. In tai Cong ty CP In Thai Nguyén. In xong va nép luu chiéu thang 9 nam 2011._~ | 3 3 | 4 ||| ql | 994 09. = A CONG TY C6 PHAN SACH DAI HOC - DAY NGHE 8 | ‘3 wg Gid: 35.000 d

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