PRESENTATION ON

PULSE CODE MODULATION

Prepared and presented by:- Suyash Gupta

Roll No:- 03920902717
WHAT IS PCM?

• Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method

used to digitally represent sampled analog
signals.
In PCM, both parameters i.e., time and
amplitude are in the discrete form.
• PCM is a digital pulse modulation
system. It means that the PCM output is
in the coded digital form.
• PCM consists of a PCM
encoder(transmitter) and a PCM
decoder(reciever).
PCM TRANSMITTER
• The output of sample and hold circuit is denoted by x(nTs). This signal x(nTs)
is discrete in time and continuous in amplitude.
• A q-level quantizer compares input x(nTs) with its fixed digital levels.
• It then assigns any one of the digital level to x(nTs) which results in minimum
distortion or error. This error is called quantization error.
• Now the quantized signal level xq(nTs) is given to binary encoder . This
encoder converts input signal to ‘v’ digits binary word . This encoder is also
known as digitizer.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A REGENERATIVE REPEATER

The 3 basic operations of a Regenerative circuit is:-

• Equalization
• Timing
• Decision Making
PCM DECODER
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PCM
• To evaluate performance of pcm, we consider two major sources
of noise:-
• Channel Noise:- It gets introduced along the transmission
path. It is also known as decoding noise.
• Quantizing noise:- It is introduced at the transmitter end is
carried along to the receiver output.
BENEFITS OF PCM
• PCM allows the use of regenerative repeaters. This
improve its Noise Ratio.
• PCM allows the transmission of analog signals in the
form of digital signals.
THANK YOU