OVERVIEW OF COMPLETION

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 WELL COMPLETION
 The term completion is derived from the operation to
complete a well for production after it has been
successfully drilled
 Dependent upon the reason for a well to be drilled
(i.e. wildcat exploration, appraisal or production) and
the results of logging and/or well test results, the well
will then be:

 Plugged and abandoned (as it has no further use,

i.e. a duster)
 Suspended as a future or possible production well
 Completed as a production well
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 WELL COMPLETION
 The purpose of completing a well is to produce
hydrocarbons to surface production facilities.
Commercial reasons demand that this is achieved in
an efficient, cost effective and safe manner
throughout the producing life of the well.

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 WELL COMPLETION
 Completing a well consists of a series of operations that
are necessary to enable a well to produce (and to sustain
the production of) hydrocarbons following the installation
and cementing of the casing. Well completion operations
include:
 Perforating.
 Sand control.
 Production packer installation.
 Tubing (completion) string / tubing hanger installation.
 Downhole safety valve installation.
 Xmas tree installation.
 Bringing the well onto production.
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 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPLETION

Even though different types of wells present distinct

design and installation problems for the engineer, most
completion types are simply variations on a few basic
designs, therefore the equipment installed is generally
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similar Page 5 of 92
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPLETION

Completions may be classified with respect to the following:

 Reservoir / Wellbore Interface
In the absence of formation damage, this determines the rate at which well
fluid is transferred from the formation to the wellbore. The types of
completion involved here are:
> Openhole completions.
> Uncemented liner completions.
> Perforated liner completions.
> Perforated casing.
 Mode of Production

This relates to the way well fluid is transferred from the wellbore at the formation
depth to the surface, i.e.:
 Flowing.
 Artificial lift.

 Number of Zones Completed

This effectively governs the volume of HC recoverable from a single bore hole:
 Single.
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 Multiple. Page 6 of 92
 Classification of Completions
for Vertical or Deviated Wells
COMPLETION

Interface between Mode of Number of Zones

Wellbore and Reservoir Production Completed

Horizontal wells Vertical / Deviated Flowing Artificial Single Zone Multiple Zone
see figure 1.13 Wells (Single String) Lift

Open Hole Uncemented Perforated Perforated High rate Electric Interval Interval
Liner Liner Casing Liner Submersible Pump Co-Mingling segregation

High Plunger Standard Concentric

External Internal Pressure Lift String
Gravel pack Gravel pack
Temporary Gas Multiple
Pre packed Standard simple, low cost Lift Strings
Screen
Tubingless Hydraulic Twin String
Wire wrapped Pump Dual Completion
Screen
Rod Single String
Slotted Dual Completion
Pipe
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 OPENHOLE COMPLETIONS
 In this type of completion the casing is set
in place and cemented above the
productive formation(s). Further drilling
extends the wellbore into the reservoir(s)
and the extended hole is not cased.
 This completion method is used where it is
desirable to expose all zones to the
wellbore.
 Producing formations must be of firm rock,
which will remain in place during
production.
 Openhole completions are also referred to
as barefoot completions.
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 OPENHOLE COMPLETIONS

Advantages of Open Hole Completions are:

 The entire pay zone is open to the wellbore.
 Perforating cost is eliminated.
 Log interpretation is not critical since the entire
interval is open to flow.
 Maximum wellbore diameter is opposite the pay
zone(s), hence gives reduced drawdown.
 The well can easily be deepened.
 The well is easily converted to liner or perforated
casing completion.
 Minimal formation damage is caused by cement.

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 OPENHOLE COMPLETIONS

Disadvantages of Open Hole Completions are:

 The formation may be damaged during the drilling process.
 Excessive gas or water production is difficult to control
because the entire interval is open to flow.
 The casing may need to be set before the pay zone(s) are
drilled and logged.
 Separate zones within the completion cannot be selectively
fractured or acidised.
 Requires frequent clean out if producing formations are not
consolidated.
 May be difficult to kill if installed in a horizontal well for well
servicing or workover or abandoned purposes.
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 OPENHOLE COMPLETIONS

Limitations of Open Hole Completions are:

 Unsuitable to produce pay zones with incompatible fluid
properties and pressures.
 Mainly limited to Limestone formations.

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 UNCEMENTED LINER
COMPLETIONS
In some formations hydrocarbons exist in regions
where the rock particles are not bonded together and
sand will move towards the wellbore as well fluids are
produced; this formation is usually referred to as being
unconsolidated.
The use of uncemented liners (slotted or screened)
acts as a strainer stopping the flow of sand.
Liners are hung off from the foot of the production
casing and usually sealed off within it to direct any well
flow through the liner bore.

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 UNCEMENTED LINER
COMPLETIONS
Slotted Liner
 Slot widths depend on the size of the sand grains in
the formation and are typically 0.01 in - 0.04 in
(0.254 - 1.016 mm) wide

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 UNCEMENTED LINER
COMPLETIONS
Wire Wrapped Screens
 Liner is drilled with 3/8 in - 1/2 in (9.53 - 12.7 mm)
holes along its length and then lightly wrapped with
a special V-shaped wire

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 UNCEMENTED LINER
COMPLETIONS
External Gravel Pack
 The open hole is enlarged to about twice its diameter
and a liner is run. Correctly sized gravel is placed
between the outside of the screen and the formation
by using special gravel pack running equipment

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 UNCEMENTED LINER
COMPLETIONS
Pre-packed Screen
 A Pre-packed screen is constructed of outer and
inner wrapped screens with resin coated gravel
placed between the screens. This gives performance
better than a wire wrapped screen but less that an
open gravel pack.

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 UNCEMENTED LINER
COMPLETIONS
Advantages of Uncemented Liner Completions are:
 Entire pay zone open to the wellbore.
 No perforating cost.
 Log interpretation is not critical.
 Adaptable to special sand control methods.
 No clean out problems.
 Wire wrapped screens can be placed later.

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 UNCEMENTED LINER
COMPLETIONS
Disadvantages of Uncemented Liner Completions are:
 The formation may be damaged during the drilling
process.
 Excessive water or gas is difficult to control.
 Casing is set before pay zones are drilled and
logged.
 Selective stimulation is not possible.

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 PERFORATED CEMENTED
LINER COMPLETIONS
In perforated cemented liner completions, the casing is set above the
producing zone(s) and the pay section(s) drilled.
Liner casing is then cemented in place, which is subsequently punctured
(perforated) by bullet-shaped explosive charges.

These perforations are designed to

penetrate any impaired regions around
the original wellbore to provide an
unobstructed channel to the
undamaged formation.
By using various depth measuring
devices (i.e. casing collar locator, CCL)
various sections of pay zone can be
perforated accurately (excluding
unproductive regions), avoiding the
production of undesirable fluids (gas
or water), or production from
unconsolidated sections that might
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produce sand. Page 19 of 92
 PERFORATED CEMENTED
CASING COMPLETIONS
In a perforated cemented casing completion, sometimes referred to as the set
through completion, the hole is drilled through the formation(s) of interest
and production casing is run and cemented across the section.

Again, this requires that perforations be made through the casing and cement
to reach the zone(s) of interest and allow well fluids to flow into the wellbore.

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 PERFORATED CEMENTED
CASING COMPLETIONS
Advantages of Perforated Casing or Liner Completions are:
 Safer during well completion operations.
 Effect of formation damage is minimal.
 Excessive water or gas production may be controlled or
eliminated.
 The zones can be selectively stimulated.
 The liner impedes sand influx.
 The well can be easily deepened.
 Easier to plan for completing.

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 PERFORATED CEMENTED
CASING COMPLETIONS
Disadvantages of Perforated Casing or Liner Completions are:
 The wellbore diameter through the pay zone(s) is restricted.
 Log interpretation is critical.
 Liner cementation is more difficult to obtain than casing
cementation.
 Perforating, cementing and rig time incurs additional costs.

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 TUBINGLESS COMPLETIONS
 Casing flow completions are a particularly
low-cost method in marginal flow
conditions such as low rate gas wells.
 Most operators do not normally use Casing
flow completions, primarily because the
production casing is exposed to well
pressure and/or corrosive fluids.
 Tubingless completions are potentially
hazardous especially in offshore
installations. As there is an increased risk
of collision damage offshore and there is
no facility to install downhole safety
valves. The use of casing flow production
methods is discouraged both offshore and
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onshore. Page 23 of 92
 TUBINGLESS COMPLETIONS

 Tubing flow completions utilise the tubing

to convey well fluids to surface.
 Flow rate potential is much lower in tubing
flow than in unrestricted casing flow
completions.
 As well as for production, the tubing string
can be utilised as a kill string or for the
injection of chemicals.
 Tubing strings may also accommodate gas
lift valves, which essentially gas assist well
liquids to surface; these valves would be
installed if formation pressure diminished
considerably and natural drive ceased.
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 HIGH RATE LINER OR MONOBORE

 These are utilised in deep wells where tubing/casing clearances

are small and for high productivity wells where the use of a
packer would restrict the flow of well fluids.
 In general, tubing and packer installations depend on the
completion requirements and economic considerations.

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 HIGH RATE LINER OR MONOBORE

 The monobore, termed from the production liner and

tubing having the same or similar size bores, allows much
improved servicing capability by the use of through
tubing tools and services to conduct many operations
which had previously required the tubing to be pulled
from the well.
 A liner packer and polished bore receptacle (PBR) are
used in place of the conventional type packer to maintain
the fullest bore size. Some versions are full bore
completions to retain maximum bore size which are
serviced with retrievable through tubing bridge plugs or
nippleless wireline locks that can be set in the tubing or
liner bore. Agus Riyadi 2006
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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
When a reservoir s natural pressure is insufficient to
deliver liquids to surface production facilities, artificial
lift methods are necessary to enhance recovery

 Rod Pump Lift

 Hydraulic Pump Lift
 Plunger Lift
 Electric Submersible Pump (ESP)
 Gas Lift

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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Rod Pump Lift
 These pumps consist of a
cylinder and piston with an
intake and discharge valve.
Vertical reciprocation of the
rod will displace well fluid
into the tubing
 These are utilised in low to
moderate wells, which deliver
less than 2,000 BPD (318
m3/day). Agus Riyadi 2006
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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Rod Pump Lift
Key considerations are:
 The annulus is open.
 A tubing anchor may be
required.
 The pump diameter must be
adequate.
 The rods must be properly
sized.

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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Hydraulic Pump Lift
 Hydraulic pump lift is utilised
in crooked holes, for heavy
oils and variable production
conditions that cause
problems for conventional
rod pumping.

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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Hydraulic Pump Lift
Three types of hydraulic pump exist to lift liquid:
 Piston consists of a set of
coupled pistons, one driven
by a power fluid and the other
pumping the well fluid;
systems exist for production
up the annulus or up the
tubing.
 Jet converts power fluid to a
high velocity jet, which pulls
the well fluid up into the flow
stream.
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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Hydraulic Pump Lift
Key considerations are:
 The number of flow conduits
(production and power).
 Pressure losses in the power and
return lines.
 Whether produced liquid can return
up the casing.
 Lubricator access to pump-in jet or
piston units.
 The large casing size required for
turbine units.
 The power fluid/oil separation
facilities required.
 The higher initial costs. Agus Riyadi 2006
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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Plunger Lift
 The plunger lift system, is a
low rate lift system in which
annulus gas energy is used to
drive a plunger carrying a
small slug of liquid up the
tubing when the well is opened
at surface.
 Subsequent closing of the well
allows the plunger to fall back
to bottom.
 Plunger lift is useful for de-
watering low rate gas wells
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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Plunger Lift
Key considerations are:
 The tubing must be drifted
prior to installation.
 The annulus is open to store
lift gas.
 A nipple/collar stop must be
installed to support a catcher
and shock absorber.

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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Electric Submersible Pump (ESP)
 An ESP is used for moving large
liquid volumes of low gas/liquid
ratio from reservoirs with
temperatures below 250ºF, e.g.
water supply wells, high water
cut producers and high
deliverability undersaturated oil
wells

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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Electric Submersible Pump (ESP)
Key considerations are:
 The annulus is open to
atmosphere for gas venting (but
not offshore).
 A special wellhead is required for
cable sealing.
 Some cable protection is needed.
 Motor cooling must be adequate.
 The tubing size must be adequate
to handle large volumes with
minimum backpressure on the
pump. Agus Riyadi 2006
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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Gas Lift
 Gas lift supplements the flow process
by the addition of compressed gas
which lightens the liquid head,
reduces the liquid viscosity, reduces
friction and supplies potential energy
in the form of gas expansion.
 Continuous gas lift is used to lift
liquid from reservoirs that have a
high productivity index (PI) and a
high bottom hole pressure BHP.
Intermittent lift is used in reservoirs
that exhibit low PI/low BHP, low
PI/high BHP, or high PI/low BHP. Agus Riyadi 2006
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 ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Gas Lift
 Liquid production can range
from 300 - 4,000 bbls/day (48 -
636 m3/day) through normal size
tubing strings. Casing flow can
lift up to 25,000 bbls/day (3,975
m3/day).
Key considerations are:
 Tubing size.
 The need for a packer.
 Setting depths for gas-lift valves.
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 SINGLE ZONE COMPLETION
 Flowing wells that are equipped with a single tubing string
are usually completed with a packer.
 Single zone completions include the downhole co-mingling
of production from several intervals within a pay zone

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 MULTIPLE ZONE COMPLETION

When a well encounters multiple pay zones a decision

must be made either to:
 Produce the zones individually, one after the other,
through a single tubing string and the annulus.
 Complete the well with multiple tubing strings and
produce several zones simultaneously.
 Co-mingle several zones in a single completion.
 Produce only one zone from that well and drill
additional wells to produce from the other pay zones.

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 MULTIPLE ZONE COMPLETION

Single String Dual Completion

 This is the most basic dual
completion where production
of the lower zone is up the
tubing and production of the
upper zone is up the
casing/tubing annulus

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 MULTIPLE ZONE COMPLETION

Twin String Dual Completion

 Separate flow from each zone
is maintained by the use of
two tubing strings and two
packers

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 MULTIPLE ZONE COMPLETION

Multi String Completions

 Separate flow from each zone
can be maintained by the use
of three tubing strings and
three packers

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 MULTIPLE ZONE COMPLETION

Concentric String Completions

 Concentric strings require less
clearance and can often
achieve a higher overall flow
capability

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
In general, a well completion should
provide a production conduit which:
 Maximises the safe recovery of
hydrocarbons from a gas or oil well
throughout its producing life.
 Gives an effective means of
pressurising selected zones in water
injection wells.

Downhole accessories used should be

designed to provide the safe installation
and retrieval of the completion, and
flexibility for sub-surface maintenance
of the well using wireline, coiled tubing
or other methods.
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Wireline Re-Entry Guide
 A wireline entry guide is used for the safe re-entry of
wireline tools from the casing or liner back into the tubing
string.
 It attaches to the end of the production string or packer
tailpipe assembly and has a chamfered lead in with a full
inside diameter.

Wireline re-entry guides are generally available in two forms:

 Bell Guide
 Mule Shoe Re-Entry Guidre
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Wireline Re-Entry Guide
Bell Guide
 This guide has a 45-degree lead in
taper to allow re-entry into the tubing
of wireline tools. This type of guide,
is used in completions where the end
of the tubing does not need to pass
through any casing obstacles such
as liner laps.

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Wireline Re-Entry Guide
Mule Shoe Re-Entry Guide
 This type of guide is essentially the
same as the Bell Guide but
incorporates a large 45 degree
angle cut on one side of the guide.
 Should the guide hang up on any
casing item such as a liner lip while
being run, rotation of the tubing will
cause the 45 degree shoulder to
slide past the liner lip and enter the
liner.
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Wireline Landing Nipples
 Landing nipples, are short profiled tubulars installed
in strategic positions in the tubing string into which
various wireline retrievable flow controls can be set
and locked.
 These can seal within the nipple bore, if required
dependent upon the tools function.
 The most common tools run are plugs, chokes, and
pressure and temperature gauges

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Wireline Landing Nipples
Uses of landing nipples:
 Well plugging from above, below or from both
directions.
 Pressure testing the tubing, leak finding.
 Safety valves, chokes and other flow control devices.
 Installation of bottomhole pressure and temperature
gauges.

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Wireline Landing Nipples
Landing nipples are supplied in ranges to suit most
tubing sizes and weights with API or premium
connections and are available in two basic types:

 No-Go or Non Selective

 Selective

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT

Normal No-Go
No-Go
 Installed at bottom of tubing
 Like the normal Landing
Nipple, but with a reduced
bore
 Stops locking mandrels
leaving the tubing

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 Locking mandrel

fishing neck

Landing nipple

recess
locking dogs

polished
bore packing

Connection for plug etc. Agus Riyadi 2006

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COMPLETION EQUIPMENT

Camco DB-6
lock mandrel

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 EQUALIZING SUB
to equalize pressure across a plug

threaded connection
seals

sliding sleeve

threaded connection

If not
installed

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Perforated Joints
 In wells where flowing velocities are high, a restriction in
the tubing, such as a gauge hanger, can cause false
pressure and temperature readings. Also, vibrations in
the tool can cause extensive damage to delicate
instruments.
 To provide an alternative flow path, a perforated joint is
installed above the gauge hanger nipple, which allows
unrestricted flow around the gauge toolstring eliminating
these hazards.
 The perforated joint is normally a full tubing joint, which
is drilled with sufficient holes to provide a flow area
greater than that in the tubing above.

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
The lower part of a Completion String
for pressure gauge installation

Landing Nipple
Pup Joint
Packer

Cross Over

Landing Nipple
Perforated Joint
No-Go, hang-off press gauge
Pup Joint
Wireline Re-entry Guide
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT

Flow Couplings
 Heavy wall tubing (full tubing ID)
– manufactured in 2 to 4 ft lengths
– tubing threads at the ends
 Installed where excessive turbulence is expected:
– above and below cross-overs,
– above and below a landing nipple, SSSV
nipple, side pocket mandrel, sliding sleeve, etc
 Added protection against internal erosion
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 Tubing

Flow Coupling
Flowing Coupling

Landing Nipple or
other component

Flowing Coupling

Tubing
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Blast Joints
 A tubular manufactured in 10 or 20 ft

 Heavy-wall tubing (ID same as tubing)

Blast
Joint
 Positioned opposite the perforations
in a dual or multiple zone completion

 Added protection against erosion

from the jetting action of the
producing perforations

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers
 A Packer is a sub-surface tool used to provide a seal
between the Tubing and Casing (or wall) of a well, thus
preventing the movement of fluids past this sealing point.

 To perform two things must happen.

 Firstly a cone must be driven behind tapered slips to
force the slip out and into the casing wall.
 Secondly a sealing element must be compressed to effect
a seal against the casing wall.

 The two most important basic components are therefore

the slips and sealing element.
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers
Two main types and typical application
 Permanent Packer
 production phase (long term)
 Retrievable Packer
 multiple completions
 production phase (short term)
 tool for production / pressure testing

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers
Permanent Packers
 Packer becomes an integral part of
the casing
 Tubing ran in / pulled separately
 Tail assembly remains in the hole

 Retrieved by milling and picking

 leaving casing wall ‘suspect’

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers
Permanent Packer
 Advantages
 Tubing can be pulled out leaving
packer + tail assy. in hole
 Tubing can be re-run and
connected to the packer
 Cheaper than retrievable packers

 Disadvantages
 Destructive removal (milling)
 Milling > casing damage Agus Riyadi 2006
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers
Permanent Packer Accessories

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers
Retrievable Packers
 Retrievable packers preferred where:
 Completion life is relatively short
 Wellbore conditions are non-hostile
e.g., temperature, pressure, H2S
 Setting depth shallow to medium
 Low to moderate differential pressures
 Straight wellbore or moderate
deviation
 Multiple zones are to be produced
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers
Retrievable Packers
 Run and set on tubing (or drill pipe
in case of well repair)
 Integral part of the tubing
 Retrieved by pulling the tubing.

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers
Retrievable Packer
 Advantages
 Saves rig time (easy pull-out)
 No milling necessary

 Disadvantages
 May swab-in well
 Sand, wax may make it un-
retrievable
 Tubing – without the Packer can
only be pulled out by flash-cutting Agus Riyadi 2006
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Packers Installations

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Sliding Side Doors (SSDs)
 Sliding Side Doors (SSDs) or Sliding
Sleeves are installed in the tubing
during well completion to provide a
means of communication between
the tubing and the annulus when
opened

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Sliding Side Doors (SSDs)
 SSDs are used to:
 Bring a well into production after
drilling or workover by circulating
the completion fluid out of the
tubing and replacing it with a
lighter underbalanced fluid.
 Kill a well prior to pulling the
tubing in a workover operation.
 Provide selective zone production
in a multiple zone well completion.
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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Sliding Side Doors (SSDs)
 Tubing and annulus
pressures must be
equalised before an SSD
sleeve is opened to
prevent wireline tools
being blown up or down
the tubing.

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 COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
Side Pocket Mandrels
 Communication tool, for tubing
annulus communication
 Communication equipment in a
side pocket
 Elastomere seals on slickline-
retrievable equipment
 Tubing bore is not obstructed
or reduced

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Side Pocket Mandrels
SPMs are installed in the completion string to act as
receptacles for the following range of devices:
 Gas lift valves
 Dummy valves
 Chemical injection valves
 Circulation valves
 Differential dump kill valves
 Equalising valves.

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Side Pocket Mandrels
1
1 orientation guide to orientate
wireline tool, kick-over tool
2 (side) pocket for gas lift valve
3 upper seal bore 2
4 ports (communication to annulus)
3
5 lower seal bore 4
6 recess for latching gas lift valve in 5
place 6

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Gas Lift Valve components and flow path
Fishing
neck

lock
bellows

Upper seal Injection gas

enters ports and
acts against the
Port belows to unseat
the ball seal

Lower seal
Gas passes
through the check
Bottom latch valve which
prevents reverse
flow to annulus
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Sub Surface Safety Valve - SSSV

A valve installed in the tubing down the well.
 When activated it stops well flow.
 Valve usually activated in combination with
Surface Safety Valve

NOT AN OPERATIONAL VALVE

USED FOR SAFE GUARDING AND IN
EMERGENCY ONLY

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SSC-SSSV – Sub Surface Controlled Sub Surface Safety Valve:

 Controlled by downhole pressure or pressure differential across
valve
 Retrievable by wireline

SC-SSSV - Surface Controlled Sub Surface Safety Valve:

 Controlled from the surface
 Retrievable by wireline WR SC-SSSV
 Integral part of the tubing TR SC-SSSV

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Sub Surface Controlled Sub Surface Safety Valve

 Normally called storm chokes

 Three closing mechanisms, ball, flapper, poppet
 Pressure differential – spring holds valve off seat until a
pre-determined flowrate, related to pressure differential
across an orifice or bean.
 Ambient pressure – dome charged so that valve will
close when pressure drops to a pre-determined level

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Tubing Safety Valves

Functional Requirements
 Flow barrier in the tubing when required.
 Fail-safe closing at a pre-determined condition or
command
 To withstand the maximum reservoir pressure in
closed position
 Minimum pressure drop during production
 In closed-position, pump through capability

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Tubing Retrievable SC-SSSV
FEATURES
 integral part of tubing
 no restriction in flow path ID
 flapper shut off
 robust design
 equalizing while opening
 lock open option
 WR-SC-SSSV can be installed as backup

NOTE: valve sensitive for tubing loads Agus Riyadi 2006

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SC-SSSV Tubing Retrievable type

Flapper open Flapper closed Agus Riyadi 2006

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SC-SSSV Wireline Retrievable type

Control line

WR SC-SSSV
seals

Landing nipple

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Annulus Safety Valves

 Annulus safety valve systems are
usually associated with
completions where artificial lift or
secondary recovery methods are
employed e.g. gas venting in
electric submersible pump (ESP),
hydraulic pump, and gas lift
installations.
 There application is to remove the
potential hazard of a large gas
escape in the event there is an
incident where the tubing hanger
seal is breached.
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TRAVEL JOINT
Compensates for movement
due to temperature and/or
pressure changes during
treating or production and is
used with retrievable packers

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Expansion Joint
In expanded position the lock
keys will engage and torque
can transmit to the tubing
lock key joints underneath, e.g. to
housing unscrew the Anchor Latch

To be used when extreme

lock key
expansion is expected, e.g.
seal
in steam injection wells
inner sleeve
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Surface Control Manifolds
 Surface control manifolds are designed to provide and control the
hydraulic pressure required to hold an SCSSV open. The manifold has
one or more air powered hydraulic pumps to maintain the hydraulic
operating pressure for the safety valve.

 The hydraulic pressure is through a

3-way control valve, which is
controlled by remote pressure
pilots, and fire sensors. Pilot,
sensor or manual activation
removes the hydraulic pressure,
closing the safety valve.

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Tubing Head
 Primary functions of tubing
head
 Suspend tubing with hanger
 Seal between tubing and
annulus
 Provide access ports to
annulus
 gaslift gas
 inhibitor injection
 circulating the well
 Provide mounting for adapter
flange or Xmas tree Agus Riyadi 2006
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Xmas Trees
 A Xmas Tree is an assembly
of valves and fittings used
to control the flow of tubing
fluids at surface and to
provide access to the
production tubing and on
some subsea completions
to the annulus string

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Flanged Xmas Tree
Tree cap

Kill valve or service

valve with blank Lubricator/Swab valve
plate during normal
service
Choke

Upper master valve

(operational valve) Production
wing valve
Lower master valve
(back-up)

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Multiple Completion Tree Agus Riyadi 2006

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Multiple Completion Tree Agus Riyadi 2006

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