BILLS OF QUANTITIES

Bill of Quantity - Preliminaries and General

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
(RM)

Description of Works
The Works comprise
A i. CONSTRUCTION AND
COMPLETION OF ONE
UNIT THREE STOREY
TRANSPORT HUB All
complete as shown in the
drawings.

ii. All associated site work and

services including drainage,
water supply, electrical
wiring installation,
telephone wiring and fire
fighting system.

iii. Piling works, roadworks,

external cabling works, light
fittings to be carried out
under Nominated Sub-
Contract.

Site Conditions
B
The site is located at Jalan Sultan
Sulaiman, Kampung Baru, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
C
The Contractor shall be responsible
for maintaining and upholding the
existing storm water drains, sub-
soil, drains, service cables and
pipes and roadways and shall make
good any damage to same
D
The Contractor is advised to visit
the site before submitting his
Tender in order that he may
appreciate means of access, site
conditions, nature of the ground to
be excavated, extent and nature of
the Works and any other factors
which may affect his Tender, as no
 claim will be entertained on the
grounds of ignorance of the
conditions under which the Works
be executed.
E
Date of Possession
The "Date of Possession" of the site
shall be agreed, but shall be soon as
practicable after acceptance of the
Tender.
G
On acceptance of his Tender, the
Contractor shall prepare a detailed
works programme showing the
programme for the Works,
including the anticipated times for
completion of work.The
programme will be agreed with the
Architect and will be adjusted
if necessary to the Architect's
requirements.

Carried to Collection
Preliminaries and Generals (cont’d)
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
(RM) (RM)
1 Performance Bond L/S 1500 1500
Allow for Performance Bond (Condition
37)
i) Bank Guarantee
ii) Performance Guarantee Sum

Insurance L/S
2 Allow for all insurances and SOCSO L/S 550 550
(Conditions 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36)

Site Meeting
3 Whenever any site meetings are L/S 2000 2000
conducted, the Architect shall be
responsible for maintaining the minutes
and to distributes copies to all the
respective consultants concerned by at
least three days prior to the next
meetings. In addition to the above the
Main Contractor shall conduct a meeting
fortnightly with his Nominated Sub-
Contractors/Suppliers

Survey and Setting Out

4 Survey and set out the works by a
Licensed Surveyor: L/S 500 500
(Condition 14).

5 Site Office, Services and Attendance for

the S.O. Representative’s and Staff

Allow for erection of Site Office for the

S.O.
Representatives and Staff including all
fittings (electrical, telephone, plumbing
etc.) as specified; clear access and its
removal and clearance from the Site on L/S 1000 1000
the completion of the Contract as in
Appendix 2(A) Section FIII (ii).

Allow for furniture for S.O.

Representative including its removal and L/S 700 700
clearance from the Site on completion of
the Contract as in Appendix 2(B)
Section FIII (ii).

Allow for services, attendance and

maintenance including water, telephone L/S 600 600
and electricity for the office of the S.O.'s
Representative.
Carried to Collection 6850
Preliminaries and Generals (Cont’d)
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
(RM) (RM)

6 Mobilisation and Demobilisation

Mobilization of all plants and LS 1300 1300

equipment that are necessary for the
adequate completion of the works and
removal from Site upon completion of
works according to the Terms
and Conditions of the Contract

Allow and maintain all temporary L/S 1300 1300

works during the construction inclusive
of access roads, bridges, river
diversions, pumping, dewatering and
construction of temporary cofferdam,
sheet piling, strutting, shoring, etc. for
the excavation works and keep the
face of excavation stable at all times
during the construction period.

7 Plant and Equipment

Provide adequate plant & equipment, L/S 110000 110000

including minor plant and tools, for the
proper and timely execution of the
Works such as:

i) Mechanical plant and vehicles

ii) Non-mechanical plant

Include plant needed for the

Contractor's proposed methods of
undertaking and
completing the works

8 Protection of Services, Public and

Private Roads and Properties

Allow for the maintenance and repair of L/S 500 500

Public and Private Roads, Properties
and Services of any damages caused by
his plants, equipment and workmen
including his execution of the Works

9 Site Equipment
 The contractor shall provide the
following items of a standard to be
approved by the S.O. for the sole use of
supervisory staff and official visitors
through out the duration of the contract:
no 10
a) Safety helmets 10 number no 10 220 2200
b) Safety boots 10 number
10
Site Security
L/S 20000 20000
The Contractor shall provide all
necessary site security by day and night
for the whole period the work is in
hand. The security must be adequate for
the site to ensure safety of material on
site and work already executed.Warning
lamps must be posted on site if
necessary to protect excavation etc
11
Stamp Duty
L/S 8000 8000
The proper stamp duty, if any, on this
Contract shall be borne by the Contractor
12
Progress Photographs
Set 5 100 500
4R colour photographs and 35mm
negatives as specified
13
As – Built Drawings
L/S 250 250
Provide as-built drawings as per
Specification, together with CD in
AutoCAD format, 1 copy of tracing and
3 copies of paper prints as specified.
14
Telephone for S.O.
no 1000 1000
Provide two new Mobile phone for the
sole use of the Engineer and including
all fees,rental, call connection and
disconnection,charges ( The phone shall
be reverted back to the Contractor on
completion of the Contract)
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
(RM) (RM)

15 Provision of Micro – Computer For

The Engineer

Provide and maintain for the sole no 1 2000 2000

use of Engineer, Supervisory staff
for the purpose
of administration of the Contract
one (1)
approved brand new micro-
computer. (On completion of the
Contract, the computer
shall be reverted to the Contractor).

Provide one (1) no. Microsoft

Project Software by licence. no 1 5000 5000

16 A3 Colour Printer

Provide one (1) no. A3 Colour

Printer(On completion of the no 1 1500 1500
Contract, the printer
shall be reverted to the Contractor).

17 Digital Camera For Engineer

Provide one (1) no. of digital no 1 1800 1800

camera (6.0 Megapixel CCD) (The
camera shall be reverted to the
Contractor on completion of
the Contract)
TOTAL 162,200.00
 Bill of Quantity: Architectural Works

RATES AMOUNT
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNITS QTY
(RM) (RM)
Overall Architectural Work
1 Element 1 – External Wal s
Supply and install 125mm thick lightweight AAC
block 200mm x 600mm using approved thin bed
adhesive, including setting out works, damp proof
course, wall tie, fibre mesh, and fill up gaps at sides No 600.00 42.22 25,332.00
and top edges and all necessary tools to the
completion of
block wall.
2 Element 2 - Doors
Doors:

- Dimension: 1700mm x 3000mm No 8.00 900.00 7,200.00

No 22 200.00 4,400.00
- Dimension: 500mm x 2100mm

- Dimension: 2000mm x 2100mm

No 4 400.00 1,600.00

3 Element 3 - Windows
Window to façade specialist’s detail with
m² 3267 84.00 274,428.00
double layer.
4 Element 4 – Internal Ceiling Finishes
Prepare and apply ready mixed cementitious
plaster or other equal and approved to concrete m3 22395 19.08 427,296.00
surfaces.
Cement and sand (1:3) plaster mixed with and
approved plasticiser as described plain face to m² 6282.87 14.30 89,845.04
13mm thick to soffit of ceiling.
Prepare and apply one primer sealer and two
finishing coats of approved emulsion paint to
surfaces of
a) Plaster ceiling m² 6282.87 8.50 53,404.40
b) Ceiling board
- Dimension: 1200mm x 3600mm height No 345.82 10.50 3631.11
c) Skim coat finish m² 1501.86 8.50 12765.81
d) Ceiling m² 6282.87 8.50 53404.40
5 Element 5 – Internal Floor Finishes
20mm thick cement and sand (1:3) rendering as
described, trowelled hard and smooth:
a) To floor m² 6282.87 90.10 566,086.60
b) Drop 50mm high m 172 5.57 958.04

6 Element 6 - Miscellaneous
a) Toilet
Toilet bowl and other sets No 17 296.80 5045.60
Toilet bowl and other set for disable No 3 315.00 945.00
Urinal NO 6 153.00 918.00
b)Sink
Sink and other set No 16 55.00 880.00
Sink and other set for disable No 3 60.00 360.00
Shower No 10 25.00 250.00
c) Produce material, manufacture, delivered on site
No 120 17.00 2040.00
and install all materials
Total 1,530,790.00
 Bill of Quantity:Structural Works

RATES AMOUNT
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNITS QTY
(RM) (RM)
Overall Structural Work
Concrete Work
Reinforced concrete (Grade 30) in super-
structural works such as columns,
1 m3 1992.6 335.5 668,517.30
stiffeners, walls and the like.

Mass Concrete (Grade 20) in civil works

such as fencing post footings, thrust
2 m3 623.80 323.90 202,048.82
blocks, scour stops, road kerb bedding,
and the like.
3 Reinforced concrete (Grade 30) in super-
structural works such as floor beam, m3 1626.45 361.6 588,124.32
suspended floor slabs, roof beams, roof
slabs, gutter, staircase and the like.
Reinforcement Work
Mild steel bars in reinforcement to
concrete work for slab generally including
1
all cutting, bending and placing in
position:
a) 8mm Diameter. kg 17440.3 4.00 69,761.20
b) 10mm Diameter. kg 3695.07 4.00 14,780.28
c) 16mm Diameter. kg 348.90 4.00 1,395.60
High yield steel bars in reinforcement to
2 concrete work for column/wall generally
including all cutting, bending and placing
in position:
a) 8mm Diameter. kg 5517.0 4.00 22,068.00
b) 12mm Diameter. kg 4677.3 4.00 18,709.20
c) 16mm Diameter. kg 890.80 4.00 3,563.20
d) 16mm-32mm Diameter kg 1169.53 4.00 4,678.12
3 Formwork
-Rough finish m² 1058.55 50.00 47,927.5
Total 1,646,573.54
 Bill of Quantity: Piling Works

UNIT RATE S AMOUN T

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY
S (RM) (RM)
Overall Piling Work
Pile cap:
High yeild reinforcement as specified:
-16mm diameter and above kg 436 27.00 11772.00
Concrete Grade 30 as specified m3 52.80 358.50 18928.80

BORE PILES:
600mm Diameter reinforced in-situ
concrete Grade 40/19mm aggregate

Pre boring m 924 215.10 198752.40

Total bored depth; maximum depth 30m m 924 311.20 287548.80

Total concrete length of piles m 1056 99.30 104860.80

Extra over for steel permanent casing; no 132 1383.30 182595.60

20mm thick

Total 804458.40

Bill of Quantity:Earthworks

RATES AMOUNT
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNITS QTY
(RM) (RM)
Overall Earthworks
1 Site Clearing m² 18500 4.00 74000.00
Compaction
2 m3 18500 30.00 555,000.00
General using roller compactor

3 Filling m3 2125 75.00 159375.00

General using trasported soil
Total 788,375.00
Bill of Quantity - Drainage works
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
(RM) (RM)

DRAINAGE

1 Trench excavation
Excavate the soil from existing ground m3 1561.65 40.0 62,466.00
level into invert level for all drain at site

Drain
2 Concrete U-shape drain
of: 300mm x 300mm no 380 70 26,600.00
with average total length 760m on site

On Site Detention
Reinforce concrete grade 30 for 2 tank m3 120 363.90 43,668.00
3 with thickness 1m and dimension tank
12mx12mx5m kg 3680 4.0 14,720.00
With steel bar 16mm dia.

TOTAL 147,454.00

Bill of Quantity - Sewerage work

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
(RM) (RM)

1 Trench excavation

Excavate trench commencing from

existing platform level, part return, fill
in and ram deposit, spread and levelled
on site as described and remainder cart
away to temporary spoil heap or remove
from site to:

Average trenches for 225mm pipe sewer m3 175.2 40 7008

and 1.2m diameter manholes not
exceeding 4.0m deep.

2 Circular Manholes

Supply and construct precast reinforced

concrete circular manhole, including
excavation, 50mm thick blinding grade
15, concrete base grade 20/20 and
hunching, precast reinforced concrete
ring, junction, bend, stainless steel,
precast intermediate slab, concrete
surround, 1.2m diameter heavy duty D.I.
manholes frame and cover, formwork
 and including cart away surplus
excavated material off site, all as per
manufacturer approved and all relevant
Engineer’s drawing:

manholes with 1.2m diameter:

1. 1200m deep to invert

2. 2330m deep to invert
no 2 3000 6000.00
Approved standard ductile iron manhole no 2 6000 12000.00
cover embossed logo (JPP) at centre
including bedding
frame in cement and sand (1:3) and no 4 350 1400.00
sealing cover with grease and painting
with two coat of
bituminous paint.

Labour and material for forming

connection to existing drainage system
and make good all work distributed to Item 2000 2000.00
S.O.’s satisfaction for soil and waste
plumbing pipe system.

Allow for testing of all pipes with

methods approved by the S.O. and
confirmed to Local Authority’s
requirement.
Item 4000 4000.00

Pipes:
3 Supply, laying or install. Rate to include all
pipe cutting, wrapping, lining and lagging as
required Mild steel pipes, with bitumen wrap Item 294 320 94080
externally and concrete lining internally
including supply and making all necessary
fittings, valves, and joint.

TOTAL 126,488.00
 Bill of Quantity:Overall Road & Traffic Works

RATES AMOUNT
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNITS QTY
(RM) (RM)
Overall Road And Traffic Works
Sub-base Course
Granular material DTP Specified Type 1,
250mm thickness and compaction of
m² 12634 4.80 60643.20
material to 95% of Mod AASHTO
200 -250mm
Surface Course
Rolled Asphalt, 80mm thickness
m² 12634 21.50 271631.00
Joints In Concrete Pavement
Construction Joints, 200mm
m 483.2 17.00 8214.40
thickness 150-200mm
Kerbs Design
Precast Concrete Kerbs to BS 7263: Part
1
Straight to radius exceeding 12m m 620 32.80 20,336.00
Curve to radius exceeding 12m m 160 32.80 5248.00
Accilaries
Supply Traffic Sign
No 20 715.00 14,300.00
- ILLUMINATE
Surface Marking No 10 375.00 3750.00
- Letter and shape
Directional Arrow No 20 250.00 5000.00
Continues Lines, 200mm width m 242 4.30 1040.60

Total 390,163.2
Bill of Quantity : Fire prevention system
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
(RM) (RM)

1 Supply and install .

i) Portable fire extingushers (DP) no 20 50 1000.00
ii) Emergency Lights (EL) no 8 140 1120.00
iii) "KELUAR" signs no 18 77 1386.00
iv) Fire hose reel no 4 2000 8000.00

TOTAL 11,506.00

Bill of Quantity : Facilities

RATES AMOUNT
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNITS QTY
(RM) (RM)
1 Badminton Court No 6 2,497.00 14,982.00
2 Badminton Net No 6 30.00 180.00
3 Fan No 150 160.00 24,000.00
4 Seat No 1966 60.00 117,960.00
Gym equipments:
5 Treadmill No 3 550.00 1,650.00
6 Cycling No 3 430.00 1,290.00
7 Chest press bench No 3 289.00 867.00
8 Pec Deck No 2 2500.00 5,000.00
9 Leg press lever incline machine No 2 4,580.00 9,160.00
10 Bench sit up No 3 168.00 504.00
Dumbbell
11 No 12 50.00 600.00
12 barbell No 6 200.00 1,200.00
13 Abdominal inversion No 2 393.00 786.00
Total 178,179.00
Bill of Quantity :Sustainability Materials

RATES AMOUNT
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNITS QTY
(RM) (RM)
1 Paints
a) Internal Wall Litre 400 24.00 9600.00
b) External Wall Litre 300 28.00 8400.00

2 Rainwater Harvesting
System
- Complete No 1 1500.00 1500.00

3 LED Spotlight No 30 257.00 7710.00

4 Dual Flush Toilet No 20 28.00 560.00

Recycle Bin
5 Set 20 660.00 13200.00
- Complete set (3 color
bins)

6 Air conditioner No 17 2550.00 43350.00

-smart energy cosumption

7 Ceiling air conditioner No 30 5700.00 171,000.00

-smart energy cosumption
Total 255320.00
 Table 16:Grand Total of the Project

NO. LIST OF DESCRIPTION CONTRACT AMOUNT (RM)

1 PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL 162,200.00

2 1,530,790.00
ARCHITECTURAL
3 STRUCTURE 1,646,573.54

4 PILING WORKS 804,458.40

5 788,375.00
EARTHWORK
6 DRAINAGE 147,454.00

7 SEWERAGE 126,488.00

8 ROAD CONSTRUCTION 374,484.80

9 FIRE PREVENTION 11,506.00

10 178,179.00
FACILITIES
11 SUSTAINABILITY MATERIALS 255,320.00
TOTAL 6,025,828.74
RETURN OF INVESTMENT
Return on Investment (ROI) is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an
investment or compare the efficiency of a number of different investments. ROI tries to
directly measure the amount of return on a particular investment, relative to the investment’s
cost. To calculate ROI, the benefit (or return) of an investment is divided by the cost of the
investment. The result is expressed as a percentage or a ratio.
In this project, the badminton stadium will be developed and the profit is collected from the
entrance and rental fees of the facilities provided in the stadium. The facilities that have been
provided is court badminton,gymnasium, accessories shop, food junction and others. The
revenue is calculated based on annual collection with the summation of monthly rental for
each facility in 1 year.
Revenue Estimation
1. The entrance fee for badminton

Table: rental price per hour

Day time Night time

RM30 RM50

The assumption of price at day time is 7 hours per day and at night time is 6 hours per
day without air-conditional. The summation for the revenue is around RM 13,770 x 6
courts per month.

2. The rental fee for shop (per month) : RM 2,000

The facilities provided are 1 grocery shop, 1 accessories shop and 3 food courts.
The revenue for rental shop fee is RM 10,000

3. Entrance fee for gymnasium (per head) : RM 10

Assuming 1000 people entering the gymnasium per month based on the population
around that area. The rough revenue estimation is RM 10,000 per month.

4. Assembly / Carnival / Convention / Warehouse Sales / Exhibition

Assuming one event on this stadium in a month with price RM 15,000 per day
(Monday-Friday) RM20,000 per day (Saturday-Sunday)

5. Concert (with Event Tickets)

10% of gross tickets collections or RM 20,000, whichever is higher

 6. Weddings or Ceremonials events

Events with air conditioning with price RM 1,000.00 (per hour)

7. Sports events (RM5,000 per day)

Assuming there is at least 5 tournaments per month, so the revenue is RM25,000 per
month.

Table: Total revenue

No. Facilities Revenue per Revenue per Year

Month (RM) (RM)

1 Badminton entrance fee 82,620 991,440

2 Shop rental 10,000 120,000

3 Gymnasium 10,000 120,000

4 Assembly / Carnival 20,000 240,000

/Convention/ Exhibition
5 Concert 20,000 240,000

6 Weddings or Ceremonials 10,000 120,000

events
7 Sports events 25,000 300,000

TOTAL RM 2,131,440

Maintenance Cost and Salary Estimation

The estimation of maintenance per month as shown below:
1. Bill electric and water : RM 20,000

2. Court badminton and spectator seat : RM 5,000

3. Cleaning : RM 10,000

4. Toilet : RM 5,000
 5. Gymnasium : RM 5,000

6. Others : RM 2,000

Table: total maintenance cost

No. Categories Cost per Month Cost per Year (RM)
(RM)
1 Bill electric and water 20,000 240,000
2 Court badminton and spectator 5,000 60,000
seat
3 Cleaning and repairing 10,000 120,000
5 Toilet 5,000 60,000
6 Gymnasium 5,000 60,000
7 Others 2,000 24,000
TOTAL 564,000

The salary estimation for workers:

1. Crews event

This stadium has 9 events per month. The total crew required is 10 people for each event
with salary RM 150 per day each. So, total is RM 13,500.
2. Workers in gymnasium

There are 2 receptionists and 1 worker with salary RM 2,000 per month each. The total is
RM 6,000.
3. Cleaners

There are 3 cleaners for toilet and other facilities with salary RM 1,500 per month each.
The total is RM 4,500.
4. Receptionist for badminton

With 2 workers in handling the fee for badminton entrance with salary RM 2,000 per
month each. Thus, the total is RM 4,000.
Table: Salary estimation
No. Categories Cost per month Cost per year
1 Crews event RM 13,500 RM 162,000
2 Workers in gymnasium RM 6,000 RM 72,000
3 Cleaners RM 4,500 RM 54,000
4 Receptionists for badminton RM 4,000 RM 48,000
TOTAL RM 336,000
Total income per year
= (total revenue – total maintenance cost and salary ):
= (RM 2,131,440 – RM 900,000)
= RM 1,231,440

Return of Investment (per year)

𝑁𝐸𝑇 𝑅𝐸𝑉𝐸𝑁𝑈𝐸
=
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑇 𝑂𝐹 𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑆𝑇𝑀𝐸𝑁𝑇
𝑅𝑀 1,231,440
= x100%
𝑅𝑀6025828.74

= 20.44%

RETURN EVALUATION
The return evaluation to identify the period to get the net profit from the total net revenue The
table showed the income after finishing the construction.
Table: payback period
YEAR 1 2 3 4
INCOME -4,794,388.74 -3,562,949.74 -2,331,509.74 -1,100,068.74
(RM)

YEAR 5 6 7 8
INCOME 131,371.26 131,371.26 1,362,811.26 2,594,251.26
(RM)

Payback period
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑇 𝑂𝐹 𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑆𝑇𝑀𝐸𝑁𝑇
=
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐼𝑁𝐶𝑂𝑀𝐸 𝑃𝐸𝑅 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅
𝑅𝑀6025828.74
=
𝑅𝑀 1,231,440

= 5 years
BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS
Break Even Analysis in economics, business, and cost accounting refers to the point in which
total cost and total revenue are equal. A breakeven point analysis is used to determine the
number of units of revenue of the stadium project needed to cover total costs. The payback
period is the length of time required to recover the cost of an investment.

Break Even Analysis

6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
C
1000000
O
0
S
-1000000
T -2000000
-3000000
-4000000
-5000000
-6000000
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
YEARS

Figure: break even analysis

From that figure, the payback period is 5 years after finishing the construction at year 2024.
Then, the profit can get at year 2029
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Introduction
A project is an endeavor that is undertaken to produce the results that are expected from the
requesting party. A project consists of three components such as scope, budget and schedule.
Scope represents the work to be accomplished for example the quantity and quality of work.
Budget refers to costs, measured in ringgit and/or labor-hours of work. Schedule refers to the
logical sequencing and timing of the work to be performed.
Management is often summarized into five basic functions such as planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling. Planning is the formulation of a course of action to guide a
project to completion. It starts at the beginning of a project, with the scope of work and
continues through out the life of a project. Next, organizing is the arrangement of resources in
a systematic manner to fit the project plan. Besides, staffing is the selection of individuals
who have the expertise to produce the work. While directing is the guidance of the work
required to complete a project. Then, controlling is the establishment of a system to measure,
report and forecast deviations in the project scope, budget and schedule. So, the purpose of
project management is the art and science of coordinating people, equipment, materials,
money and schedules to complete a specified project on time and within approved cost.
Figure: the quality of components in project management

Scope

PROJECT
MANAGE
MENT

Budget Schedule
TIME MANAGEMENT
Project scope and scheduling
Project planning is the process of identifying all the activities necessary to successfully
complete the project. Project scheduling is the process of determining the sequential order of
the planned activities, asssigning realistic duration to each activity and determining the start
and finish dates for each activity. Thus, project planning is a prerequisite to project
scheduling because there is no way to determine the sequence or start and finish dates of
activities until they are identified.
Gantt Chart
A Gantt chart is a useful graphical tool which shows activities or tasks performed against
time. It is also known as visual presentation of a project where the activities are broken down
and displayed on a chart which makes it is easy to understand and interpret. A Gantt chart is a
popular tool in project management. It basically drills down activities which need to be done
by a fixed time period. It is commonly used for tracking project schedules.
Basically the construction of this project follow these life cycle phase:
a) Pre-construction works
b) Substructure works
c) Superstructure works
d) Architectural works

Pre-construction works:
Mobilization is the preliminary works of any construction project. It refers to processes and
tasks that are undertaken before the actual groundwork begins. At this stage, process of site
investigation for getting the perimeter and case study of the site building and machinery work
on site to get the platform level before going the construction phase. The duration is 50 days.
Table : tasks during pre-construction

Substructure works:
Substructure is a foundation structure laying underneath the ground level. Those are the
works that need to be done according to the schedule. At this construction phase, this part is
more to the work of foundation of building. The duration is 185days.
Table: tasks during substructure work

Superstructure works:
Superstructure is frame structure of the building which is above the ground level. The
schedule below showed the activities that need to do based on duration estimation. The
activities in doing the installation of steel, formwork and concreting. The duration is 576days.
Table: gantt chart for superstructure works
Architecture works:
Masonry work which in simple word, mortar related works are masonry work. Consists of
plaster work, tile work, painting work for Interior / exterior wall, Ceiling, Metal and wooden
surface etc. Then, Plumbing services such as water supply, drainage system and Treatment
plant. In sustainable the building, those are the work that need to do . The duration is 76 days.
Table: gantt chart for architectural works
This is the last stage of construction which includes:
Final touch
 painting
 cracks found on plaster surface or door
 broken tiles on location
 leakages on water supply or drainage line
 defects found on window grill or window’s glass
 fault found on electrical connection

Cleaning
 Removing tools and machine such as generator, cutting machine and welding machine
 Cleaning dirt from tiles surface during working / walking on it
 Removing shutter materials which are used during construction
 Cleaning the rubbish which accumulated during brick work and plastering work

Landscaping
 Planting or gardening around the stadium
 Landscaping the road area
 Paving work around building

By using the gantt chart, the period of construction is 3years 7months which is it start from 1
january 2020 and finish at 1 August 2023 . It showed the sequence of the project activities
and the duration of the project. Therefore, the critical path can also be seen after the gantt
chart finish
CRITICAL PATH METHOD
The critical path method (CPM) diagram is a graphical representation that shows the
sequencing of activities in the project. The purpose of the CPM diagram is to model the
logical flow of work, showing each activity and one or more activities that follow each
activity. It is an approach to project scheduling that breaks the project into several work tasks,
displays them in a flow chart, and then calculates the project duration based on estimated
durations for each task. It identifies tasks that are critical, time-wise, in completing project.
Critical path method (CPM) is a resource-utilization algorithm for scheduling a set of project
activities.

Figure: the critical path

The pink color from the figure showed the critical path of the project. It means that those
project cannot be delay because it can make the project being delayed. Therefore, those
activity must be finished according to the schedule.
S-CURVE
In project management, an s-curve is a mathematical graph that depicts relevant cumulative
data for a project which means the cumulative cost or labor cost plotted against time. The
reason it’s called an s-curve is because the shape of the graph typically forms a loose, shallow
“S.” An s-curve in project management is typically used to track the progress of a project. An
s-curve is helpful in monitoring the success of a project because actual, real-time cumulative
data of various elements of the project

6
S-CURVE
Millions

5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4
3.8
3.6
C 3.4
O 3.2
3
S 2.8
T 2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
MONTHS

Graph: cumulative cost versus month (s-curve)