Improving the Security of Wireless Sensor

Networks in an IoT Environmental Monitoring

System
Abstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become apopular subject in the technology industry and will
soon reach the popularity level of smartphones. With therapid technological advancements of
sensors, WirelessSensor Networks (WSNs) has become the maintechnology for IoT. We
investigated the security of WSNs in an environmental monitoring system with thegoal to
improve the overall security. We implemented aSecure Temperature Monitoring System
(STMS), whichserved as our investigational environment. Our resultsrevealed a security flaw
found in the bootstrap loader (BSL) password used to protect firmware found in theMCU. We
demonstrated how the BSL password could be brute forced in a matter of days.Furthermore, to
our knowledge we illustrated the firstsample of how an attacker can reverse engineerfirmware
and obtain WSN cryptographic keys. Oursample provides a step-by-step procedure on how to
reverse engineer firmware. We contributed asolution to improve the BSL password and better
protectfirmware found in the chips. The Secure-BSLsoftware we contributed allows the
randomization of theBSL password. Our solution guarantees brute forcetimes in a matter of
decades. The impractical brute forcetime assures the security of firmware and prevents future
reverse engineering tactics. In addition, ourSecure-BSL software supports two-
factorauthentication, therefore adding another layer ofsecurity. The two-factor authentication
feature allowsdevelopers to specify a user-defined passphrase tofurther protect the MCU. Our
research servesas proof that any security implemented in a WSNenvironment is broken if an
attacker has access tofirmware found in sensor devices.
 Existing System Proposed System
The sensors with the protocol standard have a We design and implement a WSN data
high cost and still lack popularity in Hospital acquisition interface that can be used for
WSN in IoT environment. hospital environmental monitoring. Workflow
include a hospital environment monitoring
system that adopts sensors to detect pollution
Drawbacks and abnormalities
 There is no wireless system for data
transfer.
Advantages
 It is not possible to monitor there  Easy to monitor pollution
sources  Helpful to maintain the resources
 High cost and more time consumption.  Easy to maintain data.

Working principle:

This paper presents a system that can be used to monitor the hospital
environment. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature, humidity sensor is used
to measure cooling level, gas sensor is used to measure the any abnormal odor in surrounding,
level sensor is used to measure the level of dust pin and color sensor is used to measure blood
clothing in hospital. If anyone is abnormal intimate to control section through zigbee. All sensors
are connected on the microcontroller and the status of the sensors is send to the control section
continuously. The data uploading is done by IOT. The data is updated on internet. The values of
sensors are displayed on LCD. GPS is used here to get location of the hospital, to report to
control section that which hospital is non-hygienic. The buzzer is used to make sound, if the
sensor overcomes its threshold value.
Block diagram:

sensor Section

Power Supply Unit

Step down Voltage
Transformer Bridge Filter
Regulator (IC
(230 to 12v AC) Rectifier Circuit
7805)

HUMIDITY
SENSOR
GPS
UART RECEIVER

TEMPATATURE
SENSOR LCD DISPLAY

ARDUINO

SPI

CO2
SENSOR

ETHERNET
SHIELD
Control section:

Internet

PC

Hardware Requirements:
 PIC Microcontroller and power supply
 Temperature sensor
 Humidity sensor
 Gas sensor
 IOT
 LCD
 GPS
 buzzer

Software Requirements:

 Embedded C
 MPLAB

Applications:

 This system mainly used for government sector