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Question Asked 2nd Feb, 2015

Farzad Seidi
Azad University of Sanandaj
How can I calculate the wall thickness for a vacuum distillation system?
Hi everybody, Similar questions and discussions

I want to design two industrial vacuum distillation systems.

What is the cost of the following utilities in
The dimension of my distillation tanks are as follow: a chemical plant: steam, cooling water and
refrigeration ?
(1) A Horizontal Cylinder Tank with 200 cm length and 200cm diameter (total volume = 6300 liter)
Question 4 answers
(2) A Horizontal Cylinder Tank with 400 cm length and 290cm diameter (total volume = 26500 liter) Asked 2nd Feb, 2018
The material for both systems is Black Iron Sheet. The pressure and the temperature I want to work at are in Jeeshan Ahmed
the range of 0.1-0.07 mbar and 200-350 degree of centigrade. I want the cost per GJ of process steam,
cooling water and refrigeration used in a
But I don’t know what wall thickness for the distillation systems is safe? chemical plant. What reference should I
consult? The attached image from Turton's
By the way, I am an organic chemistry expert, so I don’t know much about design of distillation systems
book (Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of
(which is an engineering problem).
Chemical Processes) has shown the cost of
steam to be greater than the cost of
Organic Chemistry Distillation Vacuum Engineering High Vacuum Distillation Design Distillation Plant
refrigeration which seems very unreasonable.
It is written that the cost of refrigeration is
maximum 13.11$/GJ whereas the cost of LP
steam is shown as $14.05/GJ.
Share
Please give some authentic reference to know
the cost of steam and refrigeration.

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Popular Answers (1) How can I calculate shell diameter of a
shell and tube heat exchanger?
Question 6 answers
Andrew Eckles 2nd Feb, 2015
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Asked 2nd Feb, 2016
Nishtha Dhunnoo
The simple answer is you don't! I have been designing and operating vacuum distillation systems for over 30
Only the following information are available:
years and have not been required to calculate this once. You specify the vessels be vacuum rated. Typically,
I specify the vessels be rated for 150psig/FV. This takes care of several things. One the vessel
Tube length: 10.67 m
manufacturer does these calculations routinely and ASME code stamps the vessels for a slight fee more. In
addition, the 150 psig typcially doesn't require any additional material and allows you to use smaller relief Area of one tube: 0.670416 m2
devices since the vessel is now rated for 150 psig. For extremely large vessels, it may be worth backing
down slghtly on the positive pressure rating (have the vessel fabricator calculate what the pressure rating will Number of tubes: 9577
be if it is designed for full vacuum and pay the extra fee to have a code stamp on the vessel.
Bundle diameter : 3.075m
If you want to re-purpose existing vessels, then there are various rating programs you can purchase that will
help you with your calculations. Tube pitch: 0.03125 m

5 Recommendations Tube cross section area : 0.0003079075 m2

Tube outer and inner diameter are available.

Due to the size of the bundle diameter, I am

All Answers (9)
unable to use the following attached graph
which would have allowed me to use a
particular equation. Is there any other way I
Ion Laurentiu Tobos 2nd Feb, 2015 can find the shell diameter?
Michigan State University

Honestly I don't think it is critical, I'm no mechanical engineer either, but I guess anything over 4-5 mm will be View
plenty. Your real problem though will be the welded seams - you need a really good welder and probably What will be the most appropriate L/D ratio
some special welding techniques. for a cylindrical packed bed reactor ?

2 Recommendations Question 9 answers

Farzad Seidi Asked 6th Jun, 2017

2nd Feb, 2015
Azad University of Sanandaj Mahvash Afzal
I have a cylindrical packed bed reactor with a
But at low pressures (high vacuum), shrinkage can happen for tanks. I am afraid of this problem, so I have to
porosity of 0.5. It is G-S reaction taking place
calculate the correct amount for the wall thickness.
at 25 bar. The reactor volume is 0.09168 m^3.
1 Recommendation What L/D ratio should I be working with?

Sepehr Sadighi 2nd Feb, 2015

Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) View
How do i carry out column sizing in Hysys?
1.25 inches of thickness. The following link can be useful Question 4 answers
http://www.hooperwelding.com/news/crude_vacuum_tower/ Asked 8th Aug, 2018
Henry Orugba
1 Recommendation
 Farzad Seidi 2nd Feb, 2015 After simulation of a distillation column in
Azad University of Sanandaj hysys and the column converged, performing
the column sizing in order to carry out costing
For both of them? But I know that in larger containers, thicker wall sheets should be used. could you tell me calculations is a challenge. My result is
how did you calculate the required thickness? showing "column internal completed with error
". How do I rectify this please?
Subhasish Mitra 2nd Feb, 2015
University of Newcastle View
How to save Powerpoint figures as image
Just chipping in. with 300 DPI?

Even under any slight vacuum inside, the shell must be designed for external air pressure of 14.7 psi/1 bar. Discussion 38 replies
Asked 8th Aug, 2018
Use the ASME formula
Dominic Loske
P_ext = 2.A.E/(3.D0/t) Is this (http://www.motifolio.com/tips2.html) the
only, very complicated way?
where A is an MOC (material of construction) factor, E is elasticity modulus, D0 is vessel dia, and t is vessel
thickness.
View
Assume some sensible thickness (t), and then from an appropriate material chart you need to determine A What are typical reflux ratios in industry?
(ASME Code, Section 11, Part D, Subpart 3, Fig G) and then calculate P_ext. By few trials, you should be What are minimum and maximum values of
able to get a thickness for which P_ext > 14.7 psi. reflux ratio can be seen in industry?
Question 16 answers
You also need to use few vacuum stiffener rings as reinforcement over the shell.
Asked 1st Jan, 2018
Have a look at this link for all formulae. Nigar Allahverdiyeva
http://www.engineersedge.com/material_science/pressure_vessel_external_pressure_calculations_9857.htm I am trying to design a distillation column, and
I am not sure if the value I obtain for reflux
3 Recommendations ratio is normal or not.
Andrew Eckles 2nd Feb, 2015
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs View
Vacuum Distillation Column height
The simple answer is you don't! I have been designing and operating vacuum distillation systems for over 30
years and have not been required to calculate this once. You specify the vessels be vacuum rated. Typically, Question 3 answers
I specify the vessels be rated for 150psig/FV. This takes care of several things. One the vessel Asked 8th Aug, 2017
manufacturer does these calculations routinely and ASME code stamps the vessels for a slight fee more. In
Wilmien Henson
addition, the 150 psig typcially doesn't require any additional material and allows you to use smaller relief
devices since the vessel is now rated for 150 psig. For extremely large vessels, it may be worth backing To whom it may concern,
down slghtly on the positive pressure rating (have the vessel fabricator calculate what the pressure rating will
How can you calculate the height of a vacuum
be if it is designed for full vacuum and pay the extra fee to have a code stamp on the vessel.
distillation column given the diameter and
If you want to re-purpose existing vessels, then there are various rating programs you can purchase that will theoretical number of stages?
help you with your calculations.
Thank you in advance
5 Recommendations
Farzad Seidi View
2nd Feb, 2015
Azad University of Sanandaj How to do the sizing of a heat exchanger ?
Question 7 answers
thanks of all and thanks of all comments.
Asked 2nd Feb, 2017
Boyd Willis 2nd Feb, 2015 Reyane Sabrina Boudjouher
Boyd Willis Hydromet Consulting Hello,

Andrew is correct, the supplier/fabricator should ensure that the vessels are appropriately designed if you I would like to know how to design a tube &
inform them that they are to be used for vacuum service. shell HE. I mean how to do the sizing, find the
area and number of tubes. Also, I would like to
Salah Al Tahar Bouguecha 4th Apr, 2015 know if there is any standards tube diametres
King Abdulaziz University ? if no, how to define the diametres?

Ion Laurentiu Tobos purpose seems to be in the range. I believe the thickness should be between 3- 5 mm.
View
to be in safety side, take the larger one e.g., 5 mm
What is the most effective way of
improving the vacuum level of a chamber?
Question 16 answers
Can you help by adding an answer? Asked 8th Aug, 2016

Answer Danlu Zhang

I have been using LAMBDA PHYSIK laser
Add your answer equipment to do Pulsed Laser Deposition for a
while.

I've noticed that the chamber vacuum system

takes~ 27 hours to reach 1E-6 torr. However,
it usually took ~10 hrs to reach 1E-7 torr 2
years ago when a coworker of mine was
working on thin film fabrication process.
Add your answer
I've tried to use acetone to wipe the interior of
the chamber and use paper towel to wipe off
the grease, but it didn't help so much.

Thanks!

View

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