Light- Reflection and Refraction

QUESTIONS: (1 mark each)

Question 1.
Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.
Question 2.
Which mirror is used by dentists?
Question 3.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using convex mirror for seeing traffic at the
rear?
Question 4.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a convex mirror for seeing traffic at the
rear?
Question 5.
The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this statement?
Question 6.
A ray is incident along ACB on a spherical mirror, where C is the centre of curvature.
Question 7.
Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm.
Question 8.
Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear- view mirror in vehicles?
Question 9.
What happens when the rays of sun are focused at a point on the paper by using concave
mirror?
Question 10.
How is the refractive index of an optical medium related to the speed of light in that medium?
Question 11.
Define the term absolute refractive index of a medium.

QUESTIONS: (2 marks each)

Question 1.
Name the type of mirror used in the following situations:
i.Headlights of a car.
ii.Side/rear view mirror of a vehicle.
iii.Solar furnace.
Support your answer with reason.
Question 2.
Show that the mirror formula for spherical mirrors also holds for a plane mirror too.
Question 3.
A concave mirror produces three times magnified real image of an object placed at 10 cm in
front of it. Where is the image located?
Question 4.
Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light in the
glass? The speed of light in vacuum is 3×108m/s3×108m/s
Question 5.
Name the type of mirror which is known as shaving mirror. Give relevant ray diagram to justify
your answer.
Question 6.
Find the focal length in cm of a lens of power -2D. Identify the type of this lens in this case.
Question 7.
Find the refractive index of glass with respect to water where refractive index of glass with
respect to air is nga=3/2and that of water with respect to air is nwa=4/3.
Question 8.
A converging lens has a focal length of 250 mm. Calculate its power and express it according to
sign convention.
Question 9.
List four specific characteristics of the images of the object formed by convex mirrors.
Question 10.
State two positions in which a concave mirror produces a magnified image of a given object. List
two differences between the two images.
Question 11.
State the meaning of linear magnification. How is it related to object distance and image
distance? When is magnification positive or negative?
QUESTIONS: (3 marks each)
Question 1.
A coin placed at the bottom of a tank appears to be raised when water is poured into it. Explain.

Question 2.
A 5 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal- length
20 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 30 cm. Find the:
(i) position
(ii) nature
(iii) size of the image formed.

Question 3.
(a) Write two rules of the new Cartesian sign conventions for spherical mirrors.
(b) Trace the path of the reflected ray by drawing a figure if it passes from centre of curvature of
a concave mirror.

Question 4.
Design an activity using concave mirror to prove that it s converging in nature. Also state a
method to find its rough focal length.

Question 5.
4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the
location of image and magnification. Describe what happens to the image as the needle is
moved farther from the mirror.

Question 6.
Rohit placed a pencil perpendicular to principal axis in front of a converging mirror of focal
length 30 cm. The image formed is twice the size of the pencil. Calculate the distance of the
object from the mirror.

Question 7.
Define magnification produced by a spherical mirror in terms of height of a object and image.
How is it related to object and image distance? Explain why magnification is positive for virtual
image and negative for real image?

Question 8.
An object is placed at a distance of 25 cm away from a converging mirror of focal length 20 cm.
Discus the effect on the nature and position of the image if the position of the object changes
from 25 cm to 15 cm. Justify your answer without using mirror formula.

Question 9.
Write one similarity and one dissimilarity between image formed by pane mirror and convex
mirror.
Question 10.
(a) State Snell’s law of refraction.
(b) When a ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into a glass slab, it is observed that the
light ray emerges parallel to the incident ray but it is shifted sideways slightly. Draw a ray
diagram to illustrate it.

Question 11.
A 5cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10
cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position and size of the
image. Also find its magnification.

Question 12.
One half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper.
(a)Show the formation of image of an object placed at 2F1, of such covered lens with the help of
ray diagram. Mention the position and nature of image.
(b)Draw the ray diagram for same object at same position in front of the same lens, but now
uncovered. Will there be any difference in the image obtained in the two cases? Give reason for
your answer.

Question 13.
(a) The refractive index of Ruby is 1.71. What is meant by this statement?
(b) The refractive index of some medium are given below:
Crown glass- 1.52
Water- 1.33
Sapphire- 1.77
In which of the medium is the speed of light
(i)maximum
(ii)minimum
(iii) Calculate speed of light in sapphire.

Question 14.
A 10 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length
30 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 20 cm. Find the:
(a)Position
(b)Nature
(c)Size of the image formed.

Question 15.
Draw a ray diagram to show refraction of light through a glass slab and label on it the following:
(i)Incident ray
(ii)Refracted ray
(iii)Emergent ray
(iv)Lateral shift (displacement)
Question 16.
If the image formed by mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always virtual
and diminished, state the type of the mirror. Draw a ray diagram in support of your answer.
Where are such mirrors commonly used and why?

Question 17.
A 6 cm object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 15
cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 10 cm. Find the position, size and nature of the
image formed, using the lens formula.
Question 5.
One half of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm is covered with a black paper. Can such a lens
produce an image of a complete object placed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens? Draw a ray
diagram to justify your answer.
QUESTIONS: (5 marks each)
Question 1.
With the help of ray diagrams, show the formation of images of an object by a concave mirror.
When it is placed
(i)beyond the centre of curvature
(ii)at the centre of curvature.

Question 2.
Draw ray diagrams to show the formation of image by an object by a concave lens when the
object is placed
(i)at infinity
(ii)between infinity and optical centre of the lens.

Question 3.
Draw a labelled ray diagram to locate the image of an object formed by a convex lens of Focal
length 20 cm when the object is placed 30 cm away from the lens.

Question 4.
What is meant by the power of a lens? What is its SI unit? Name the type of lens whose power
is positive. The image of an object formed by a lens is real, inverted and of the same size as the
object. If the image is at a distance of 40 cm from the lens, what is the nature and power of the
lens? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer.

Question 6.
With the help of a ray diagram, state and explain the laws of reflection of light at a plane mirror.
Mark the angle of incidence and reflection clearly in the diagram. If the angle of incidence is
32.5o, what will be the angle of reflection?

Question 7.
It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm.
(i)What should be the range of distance of an object placed in front of the mirror?
(ii)Will the image be smaller or larger than the object? Draw ray diagram to show the formation
of image in this case,.
(iii)Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 6 cm in front of the mirror? Draw ray
diagram for this situation to justify your answer.
Show the position of pole, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the ray diagram.

Question 8.
A student has three concave mirrors A, B and C of focal lengths 20 cm, 15 cm and 10 cm
respectively. For each concave mirror he performs the experiment of image formation for three
values of object distance of 30 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm.
Giving reason answer the following:
(a)For the three object distances, identify the mirror which will form an image equal in size to
that of object. Find at least one value of object distance.
(b)Out of the three mirrors, identify the mirror which would be preferred to be used for shaving
purpose.
(c)For the mirror B, draw ray diagram for image formation for any two given values of object
distance.
Question 9.
An object is placed at infinity from a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. Find the position and
nature of image formed. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image. (Not to scale)

Question 10.
(a) Define focal length of a spherical lens.
(b) A divergent lens has a focal length of 30 cm. At what distance should an object of height 5
cm from the optical centre of the lens be placed so that its image is formed 15 cm away from the
lens? Find the size of the image also.
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in the above situation.

Question 11.
(a) A converging lens forms a real and inverted image of an object at a distance of 100 cm from
it. Where should an object be placed in front of the lens, so that the size of the image is twice
the size of the object? Also, calculate the power of a lens.
(b) State laws of refraction.

Question 12.
List the new Cartesian sign convention for reflection of light by spherical mirrors. Draw a
diagram and apply these conventions for calculating the focal length and nature of a spherical
mirror which forms a 1/3 times magnified virtual image of an object placed 18 cm in front of it.

Question 13.
a.One – half of a convex lens of focal length 110 cm is covered with a black paper. Can such a
lens produce an image of a complete object placed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens? Draw
a ray diagram to justify your answer.
b. A 4 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length
20 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position and size of
the image.

Question 14.
Why does a light ray incident on a rectangular glass slab immersed in any medium emerge
parallel to itself? Explain using a diagram.