La Solidaridad

Capitulo Cinco - La vida de Rizal: Exilio, Juicio y Muerte

Año I |
We should be able to envision the
struggles of Rizal in his last efforts to
fight for freedom and significance of his
death in the conduct of asserting
Philippine Nationalism
Las Filipinas 2 Marzo de 2020
This Chapter covers the exile of Dr. Jose
Rizal, his life in Dapitan, his community
acts that helped the Filipinos, the trap
that was set up for him, his arrest, the
trial, the execution and his death.
| Num 35
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda was a nationalist and
polymath during the tail end of the
Spanish period.He is tagged as the
national hero of the Filipino people.

El exilio del Dr. Jose Rizal AIMS OF LIGA FILIPINA

Rizal’s return to Manila was his second Unity in the whole archipelago into one
homecoming having stayed abroad since compact and homogeneous body;
August 1887 or a period of almost five Mutual protection in every want and
years. necessity
TWO REASONS FOR COMING HOME: Defense against all violence and
1.  To talk personally with Governor injustice
Despujol of the British North Borneo Encouragement of education,
colonization project agriculture and commerce
2. To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila Study and application of reforms
JUNE 26, 1892 LIGA FILIPINA
– Rizal’s arrival in Manila with his JUNE 7 , 1892  UNIS INSTAR OMNIMIUM (One Like
widowed sister, Lucia. At 4:00 PM – went to He visited his friends in Malolos Bulacan, All)– Liga Filipina’s motto
Malacañang to seek an audience with San Fernando and Bacolor in Pampanga, All filipinos who have the welfare of
Governor Despujol but told to come back at and Tarlac·    After he left , his friends’ their country and their fellowmen
7 in the evening· Later, the latter agreed to residences were raided and copies of his were qualified for membership
pardon his father but not the rest of the two novels, Noli and Fili, and other Two pesos was the fixed membership
family. subversive materials were confiscated. fee and 10 centavos for a monthly due
POBRES FRAILLES (POOR FRIARS) DESPITE RIZAL’S DENIAL AND INSISTENT DEMAND FOR INVESTIGATION:
– written by Fr. Jacinto and He was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, a nephew and
printed in Manila; satire against aide of Governor Despujol. Ater 9 days, he was brought under heavy guard to the steamer
the Dominican friars who Cebu which brought him tonDapitann, arriving at his destination on July 7, at 7 in the
amassed wealth and fortune morning. He was handed by Capt. Delgras, ship’s captain to Capt. Ricardo Canicero , Spanish
contrary to their monastic vows Commander of Dapitan.
of poverty.
Vida en Dapitan Actividades de la comunidad
Conditions given to Rizal for him to be able to Rizal gave much of himself in the place of exile paying off the peace and happiness
live at the Parish Convent: it had given him. This he did by playing an important role in its community
He would publicly retract the errors activities as well as its development.
concerning religion, and make
statements that were clearly pro-
Spanish and againstrevolution.
He performs the church rites and make
a general confession of his past life
He conducts himself in an exemplary
manner as a Spanish subject and a man
of religion.
House of the Commandant, Capt. Carnicero
– where Rizal chose to live and with whim He helped in the He found Dapitan and its surroundings rich field
he developed a warm friendship and a improvement of the water of specimen and together with the students, they
pleasant relationship. system and was successful would go around in his “baroto” and explore the
A Don Ricardo Carnicero in furnishing clean water to jungles and coasts. This added to students’
– a poem Rizal wrote about his impressions the people. knowledge aside from their school under the trees.
to the Commandant on the occasion of his
Although his school started with only three Though gymnastics was not
birthday on August 26, 1892. pupils, it grew into 21. And instead of charging part of the school program,
Lottery Ticket No. 9736 school fees, they were required to render he encouraged them to do
– won the second prize of P20,000. With services or work in the garden, fields or on exercises to strengthen their
the share of P6,200, he gave it his father construction projects in community. He bodies. Aside from this, they
2,000; 200 to his friend in Hong Kong, Jose followed the style at Ateneo where the best had other sports such as
Ma. Basa; the rest invested in agricultural student was called an “emperor” and sat at head swimming, wrestling, stone-
of the bench, while the poorest student sat at throwing, native fencing and
lands along the coast of Talisay. the other end of the bench. boating.
 La Solidaridad
Capitulo Cinco - La vida de Rizal: Exilio, Juicio y Muerte
Año II | Las Filipinas 2 Marzo de 2020 | Num 35

Departure to Manila La Trampa (The Trap)

While in Dapitan, Rizal volunteered as a Rizal arrived in Manila Bay, early morning of Thursday, but missed the boat Isla
military doctor in Cuba, where a de Luzon bound for Spain.Rizal stayed in Spanish Cruiser Castilla where he
revolution and yellow fever were going on, stayed about a month, while waiting for a ship bound for Spain.During his stay in
through the advise of his friend, Castilla, the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution occurred and where he learned
Blumentritt. Cry of Balintawak and Pinaglabanan Incident in San Juan in the newspaper.
JULY 1, 1896  AUGUST 30 1896 Rizal’s departure to Cuba:
-a letter came from Gov. Gen. Blanco -Governor- He wrote his mother a letter informing of his departure.
notifying him of the acceptance of his offer General Boarded the steamer Isla de Panay and started his trip for
and assigned him to the Army of proclaimed a state Barcelona Spain. Along with Rizal in the ship were Don Pedro
Operations in Cuba detailed to the Medical of war in the eight Roxas, a rich industrialist and his son Periquin, who were
Corps. provinces of bound to Singapore who feared Rizal’s safety and advised
JULY 31, 1896
Manila (as Rizal to stay in Singapore and take advantage of British
– four-year exile of Rizal in Dapitan came
province), Protection. Rizal refused as he said he gave his word of honor
to an end.· One the same day, at midnight,
Bulacan, Cavite, to Governor Blanco.
he boarded the steamer España, with
Batangas, Laguna, Governor Blanco
Josephine, Narcisa and Angelica, Narcisa’s
Pampanga, Nueva -plotted a trap and a treacherous plan to arrest Rizal, where
daughter, three nephews and three pupils. Rizal would be sent to prison in Ceuta in the Spanish Morocco.
Ecija and Tarlac.
El Arresto (The Arrest) La Prueba (The Trial)
Rizal left Barcelona for his return trip to the
Philippines to face trial on October 06, 1886. Dr.
Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon,
Timoteo Paez, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Domingo
Paez, and Paciano who suffered the most, were
arrested and tortured to implicate Rizal.
Rizal was informed of the charges against him particularly of
rebellion in his prison cell on December 11 wherein he did not object
the court’s jurisdiction and admitted that he wrote the Constitution of
the Liga Filipina, but pleaded not guilty to the charge of rebellion.The
military court voted unanimously for a death sentence and forwarded
Rizal arrived as a prisoner in Barcelona and was to Governor-General Polavieja then after seeking the opinion of the
transferred to the custody of the Military Judge Advocate, the verdict was confirmed: to be shot at the back on
Commander of Barcelona  who is General Eulogio the morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field.
Despujol, who signee his exiled order to Dapitan. 
He was escorted to the infamous prison fortress of La Ejecución (The Execution)
Monjuich in his second day in Barcelona.
He would be shipped back to Manila on board the
transport ship Colon to face trial, according to
General Despujol.

In the Bagumbayan field, he walked slowly to where he was

told to stand on a grassy lawn betweeen two lamp posts,
overseeing the shores of the beautiful Manila Bay. He took
time to bid farewell to his companions, and firmly shook
their hands. One of the priests blessed him and offered
cruxifix for him to kiss, which he did. He then requested the
commander of the firing squad to shoot him facing the
firing squad, which was refused, with the commander
telling him of the orders that he had to follow. He did as
ordered reluctantly and turned his back and faced the sea,
even as a Spanish military doctor, Doctor Felipe Ruiz Castillo asked his permission to feel his pulse. Nothing could be more
extraordinary that for a man facing the firing squad who will snuff out his life, as having a normal pulse. Rizal, a man and
martyr had to fear to die; to die for his country; it was a rare opportunity and he would want it in no other way. When the
command "fire" was heard, Rizal made a supreme effort to face the firing squad, and his bullet-riddled body instead turned to
the right with his face facing the morning sun. It was exactly 7:03 AM, December 30th, 1986, when Rizal died, a martyr's death,
at the prime of his life, 35 years of age, five months and eleven day.