𝐸𝐶 (𝑡) = EC sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑡 + ∅

𝐸𝑀 (𝑡) = EM sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑡 + ∅

𝑚𝐸𝐶
𝐸𝐴𝑀 (𝑡) = EC sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑡 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋(𝑓𝐶 − 𝑓𝑀 )𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋(𝑓𝐶 + 𝑓𝑀 )𝑡
2
𝐸𝐴𝑀 (𝑡) = 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 + 𝐿𝑆𝐵 + 𝑈𝑆𝐵
𝐸𝑀 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚= =
𝐸𝐶 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 2
𝑃𝐸𝑃 =
𝑅
𝛿
𝑚𝑓 =
𝑓𝑚
𝑚(𝑡) = 𝑉𝑐 cos(𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑚 𝑡))
𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝐾( )
𝑉
∆𝑓 = 𝐾𝑉𝑚