Background of the Study

Rationale of the Study

The research topic is based on the researchers’ readings in category of incidents that
may possible occur in Lancaster. The main goal is to improve Lancaster New City’s awareness,
methods and safety measures. From what the researchers were able to gather are possible
incidents that may occur in Lancaster such as a dawn fire, robbery and other human activities
that may cause trauma to residences of Lancaster.

One of the current situations in Lancaster, is the continuous growth of population in

the community. If the community continues to grow non-stop, the Lancaster will be needing
to level up their safety measures, especially on the Zone 1. For it is the most likely to have the
huge number of residents. Security / safety measures will be crucially needed to be able to
keep the residents reassured and have a healthy environment.

Another situation is the different human (cultural) activities of the residents in Zone 1,
Lancaster. The safety measures of Lancaster are always based on the human activities here in
Lancaster. There are several reports regarding the events occurred in LNC, such as robbery,
theft, sexual harassment, and even human trafficking. And so, the admins always reassure the
residents of their security personnel.

Modernization in Lancaster New City has taken its place in Cavite. This enables a lot of
opportunities for businesses and wealth for the people in the community. This shows as the
apple of an eye for crimes that may lead to danger, mistrust of its residents. This applies to
improve the safety measures of the increasing growth population and modernization in the
community.

The benefit of this research is to give an overlook to the admins to have a high level of
preparation due to its continuous growth of the population in the community. It will also
allow the residents of the community to be aware of its policies. Through this, prevention will
happen to the incident rate and be an advantage to everybody.

According to the journal of Community Psychology entitled “influence of perceived

neighborhood safety in pro-active and reactive aggression” (Fite, P., Vitulano, M. (2010). It is
said that along with environmental cause within the community, fear of crimes within the
community has an evident impact to residents. Kidnapping, sexual harassment, community
violence are key factors on preference of families in choosing a safe and family-centered
community. Failure in compliance on such safety guidelines could be marked as safe by
families planning to migrate.

Flowing a shape community is a real community, perceptions of community safety

community, Perceptions of community safety they are real as perceived, impact on the way
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people feel and interact in their community. Community safety is not just about injury

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prevention and crime prevention; it is about increasing well-being and building strong,
cohesive, vibrant, participatory communities.

Focus of the Study

The focus of this study on the perspectives of the residents of Lancaster's safety. In
addition, for the researchers to know the opinions, satisfaction and perspectives of residents
of Lancaster. In addition, to provide recognition and answers to the problems occurring in
their village about their safety.
The researchers conducted this study for them to know the feelings and situations of
the residents of Lancaster. The researcher's wanting to know the safety, practices and the
current situation of every residents in their respective villages. The researchers interpret the
possible outcomes of study whether the residents are satisfied or not with their current safety,
that is to apply our advocacy which is #SafeNeighborhood. In relation to the researcher's
related literature to the study, according to the theory of safety and security as it is a top
priority in our society that addresses the problem. The researchers say that safety is a must
for every community and to meet the primary need of people.
In conclusion, the researchers study focuses on the feelings, opinion and perspectives
of residents Lancaster to provide solutions to the on-going problem.

Significance of the Study

The researchers study contributes on the current state of that specific community. In
addition, the researchers study the views and perspectives of the residents towards their
safety. The researchers also analyze the feelings of the participants so they can conclude an
answer for the residents of Lancaster's satisfaction towards what they provide for the
residents. In connection to the researcher's study of why they conducted this research, is the
overgrowing population of the people whom are migrating to Lancaster. In relation to the
overgrowing population of LNC, the researchers also wanted to know if the current safety
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measures are still effective to the current situation.

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Related literature

The researchers reviewed several literatures from various sources, regarding the topic
on the safety measures of neighborhood. These readings enabled the researchers to find out
more about the said topic that can access more findings to their study.

Theories

According to the theory of safety and security as it is a top priority in our society that
addresses problems. (Ludek, 2016), the researchers say that safety is a primary need in
relation to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Security is a top priority and can be a starting point
of problems if it is not well-managed. The residents may develop mistrust and feel
susceptible towards their own neighborhood.

Problems of safety and security follows the people whole civilization evolution
according to the physical theory (security) for example is ensured through individual
protection, known as barriers. Physical security provides the security of property, information,
and other assets by physical manner. It includes measures, which leads to minimization to
harm. (Hromada, et al. 2016). Physical safety is usually what people think of when describing
the sense of being safe, since without it, other forms of safety are difficult to achieve.

Another is the defensible space theory stated that here are factors that create
defensible space: natural surveillance, which is the ability of residents to be able to see what is
going on in their neighborhood. Image, the physical attributes of a development that make it
defendable. Milieu (surroundings), making the most of a development’s location to places
that will help prevent crimes. (Newman O., 1976). This explains that being mindful of the
residents of their neighborhood is important, milieu makes the quality of the community
more resistant to crimes or incidents.
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 Lastly, criminological theory states that visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior, and
civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder,
including serious crimes. The theory suggests that policing methods that target minor crimes
such as vandalism, public drinking, and fare evasion help create the atmosphere of order and
lawfulness, thereby preventing more serious crimes. (Wilson J., 1982). It adheres residents
whose behavior towards the community is susceptible. It can be

Concepts

Security as a neglected concept. Security has not received the serious attention
accorded to the concepts of justice, freedom, equality, obligation, representation, and power.
(Baldwin, 1997). These concepts are related to our research topic, because of how security is
neglected, it lays the perspective of the people on how security should be prioritized and
given the right attention. This contributes to our research by giving a idea on how security
should be given the proper approach.

Unsafe and unhealthy neighborhoods have multiple problems, like high unemployment,
dilapidation, and social segregation. (Takken, 2014). A healthy neighborhood must have a
socialization to everybody to avoid problems. Unemployment should be avoided because it
can affect the safety and health of the whole neighborhood.

According to Zwolle, safety can be described as the presence of acceptable protection of life,
health, property, and protection against threats and attacks.

A positive concept of security emerges from these discourses that does not
necessarily place the central focus on combating crime and taking precautionary measures to
prevent ‘evil’. There are at least three alternative readings of security – human connectedness,
local capacity building and a spiritual order. That illustrates the importance of positive
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security. . (Schuilemburg, Steden, 2014). The security also needs the involvedness of the
connection of every resident in the village.

National security and neighborhood security are perhaps best thought of as existing
on a continuum wherein each frame and is productive of the other. Thus, the level of
neighborhood security is, at least in part, a reflection of the national situation, while the
condition of national security is partly an aggregation of various neighborhood securities.
(Innes, Jones, 2006). The level of security of the country reflects the level of security in the
neighborhood.

Base on the researcher’s observation and understanding of the citation (Innes, Jones,
2006). Both securities are somewhat related for they have a part in each that plays a partial
role for the betterment of the neighborhood and that specific country. In connection to our
research, on how the village admins/officers respond to the residents of that specific village
will reflect on how they interact with each other.

Safety measure is a must, not a luxury. They work on different fields of safety measures such
as fire prevention, risk reduction, natural disaster, chemical and hazardous material spills. (Ali.,
Fatima, 2016). The sole purpose of this citation is to remind that “safety measure is a must not
a luxury”. In addition, it talks about the meeting the requirements of a certain place for it to
be inhabitable or more so where can they reside. In relation to our study, this is benefitable
for it ensures and promotes safety as a must for every individual living in that particular
village.

This section presents the basis for the development of an optional environment policy,
which is compatible with poverty alleviation, by analyzing the recent trends of migration.
Clearly, there is serious difficulty in solving trade- off problem between poverty alleviation
and environment protection. (Ohmachi, Roman, 2002). We need to improve the security and
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impose the policies and rules more strictly for an easier adaptation of the people who will
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migrate and doing a phenomenological study, knowing the nature and perspective of the
people affected will be a big factor.

Technology has a large impact on a person’s security because people give their
personal information too much and it can be hacked; used as a gateway to threat, violence
and robbery. (Smith, 2019) By improving the security and safety of the neighborhood, people
will be more alert and informed about the risks of technologies and eliminate the ignorance
on data privacy.

Community-based problems

The perception of residents analyzed through surveys and crime developments on

their safety measures knowledge. Also tackled as their fear of crime, how they perceive on
crime policies. (de Leeuw, 2016). Residents’ perception or fear of crime situation affects the
security measures of the village. The security measures of every villages is based from the
residents’ perception so it can be reliable for every villages.

Fear of crimes within the community has an evident impact to its resident. Kidnapping,
sexual harassment, community violence are key factors on preference of families in choosing
a safe and family centered community. (Fite, Vitulano, et al…, 2010) In choosing a safe
neighborhood, the perception of the families affected on their lived experiences. The past
lived experiences of residents reflect how they choose a safe and family centered community.
In relation to the researcher’s study, often residents have past experiences of incidents.

This look at the safety and physical activity on the neighborhood environment. The
habits of the residents and safety feel in their community was studied and given data to show
how much unsafe or safe it is. (Josef, 2018). The human activities of the residents affect their
safety, because there are some habits in the neighborhood that might cause problems to the
whole neighborhood.
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 Participants of the Study

The participants of this study are residents of KS and MS within LNC. The researchers
selected the number of families as five (5) in each village. Interviews will be conducted to the
intended participants ranging the age of eighteen (18) to seventy-five (75) years old.
The demographics of the participants served as a basis or criteria for the chosen
participants. A random sampling technique was used to choose the respective participants.
The researchers will be needing some personal information from the residents. These includes
the address of the participants. The chosen participants are from five (5) villages, these are
KS1, KS2, KS4, KS7, MS2. The years of residency, age and civil status are also part of the
demographics and will be part of the basis for the data collection. This will have a strong
impact and support for the outcome that the researchers will expect. It will help in the
creation of perception of the residents of a safe neighborhood
In selecting the participants, the researchers designed a plan on how to identify them.
The researchers refer to who are the participants needed and established guidelines in
conducting the interviewees. The researchers prepared interview questions in relation to the
research questions.

Figure 1: Mapping of the Participants KS 4

KS 1
KS 7
ADDRESS
KS 2
MS 2
AGE 20 YEARS
OLD ABOVE

RESIDENTS MARRIED
CIVIL
STATUS
7

SINGLE
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6 YEARS ABOVE
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 YEARS OF
RESIDENCY 0-3 YEARS
3-5 YEARS

Theoretical Framework

The researchers used this theoretical framework which is focus solely on

bayanihan. Because it starts with the residents of the community because to promote
"bayanihan" and unity. The researchers’ goal is to promote this theoretical framework
in order to connect the residents and help them to get along. In addition, for the
residents not to rely so much on the security guards in charge of the village. Also, to
build relationships with other residents so that they can support and help each other.

‘Bayanihan’ “Pamayanan”
Spirit

• Pagkakaisa / LNC Zone 1 Villages:

Unity • KS 4
• Pagtutulungan • KS 1
• Pakikisama • KS 7 #SafeNeighborhood
• Respect • KS 2
• Empathy • MS 2
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Research Questions

1. How do residents of Zone 1 in Lancaster New City perceive the safety measures in
their respective neighborhood?
2. How do residents view a safe neighborhood?

Data Collection

The researchers' data collection first identified the participants by basing on the
demographics. Second is knowing which villages are needed to be conducted and where they
can extract needed information for the research. Third is the resources needed to be enough,
the papers and permits to get through the village and money for transportation and food
expenses.
The researchers did the data collection by observing the expression and responses of
the interviewee live on action to know how they feel, react on the questions asked. The
researchers evaluate to overt the emotion and behavior of the interviewee and the real
feelings, habits, and uncontrolled actions.
Interview as a technique for extracting information on hand. The participants thoughts
and unprepared answers are needed to know the unfiltered reactions on the given questions.

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Research Design

The researchers selected Phenomenological analysis as a research design.

Phenomenological analysis talks about the “lived experiences” of the residents, it talks about

the feelings, emotions, ideas, or opinion to a specific topic or experience.

It is the best research method for the researchers to use because we are getting the

lived experiences or the feelings, emotions, opinion of the residents through the use of the

interview guide for the researchers to conclude what action plans can be implemented for the

improvement of the safety and security of each identified villages in LNC.

Data Sources

Interview Guide is a tool used in conducting the interview with the identified

participants. It includes questions that relate to the research questions of this study. Its

purpose is to capture the opinion, thoughts, feelings and emotion of the participants about

the questions asked.

Field Notes is used to capture down non-verbal nuances or actions that cannot be

seen on their direct answers on the interview guide. We use the field notes so that we could

access more relevant findings such as emotions, feelings, reactions, that we could use

Transcript of Interview is used to organize and encode the different responses of

each participants to different interview question. It is also used to organize the field notes

taken from different respondents and use to relate the Conceptual framework and Related

literature to the responses of the participants.

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Limitations of Study

This study is based from the security and safety of the identified villages on its current
situation and room for improvement. All cases and problems not only limiting in the villages
but also the cases nearby. This study is limited to the perspective and opinionated responses
of the participant on how the safety and security in the village improved or declined in the
past few years and now.
It is confessed that the data about the safety and security of the village will not be
easily acquired. Sometimes it is hard to get the data on the methods and ways of stating their
responses on the questions and getting answers that are not useful for everyone.

Data Analysis and Interpretation

This part of the research paper, the analysis and interpretation of the various
responses and answers of the participants are presented and discussed narratively. Each
research question was extensively analyzed by way of coding, categorizing and thematic
analysis.

On the participants’ perception of safety measures on their neighborhood

This research question asked the participants regarding their perception towards their
current safety measures on their neighborhood and how they think about the current status
or level of security of their respective neighborhood.
Three (3) themes were derived in analyzing the responses of the participants. These
themes were derived by the researchers.
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Satisfied Feedbacks

The perspective of the participants about their own safety measures in their
neighborhood reflects on how they act and rely more on the security guards in
charge. Their answers provide enough evidence for us to conclude that the current
security measures are effective for those individuals.

According to Francisco, from MS 2 answered “so far we are satisfied with the
security here in the village. The guards do their part here very well to keep the
homeowners safe.” Shows a satisfied expression and positive outlook towards the
safety measures that is implemented on their respective village. In addition, to provide
another statement from a resident from KS 1 said that “Very safe. We’re still on the
process of being safer, trying to do precautionary measures.”

Therefore, the researchers can conclude that in general some of their

participants are satisfied with the current safety measures that are implemented in
their respective villages.

Good Implementation of Policies

The second theme that the researchers were able to discover was good
implementation of policies during their data analysis. This includes the guidelines such
as curfews, roaming of guards and confirmation of visitors.
According to a resident of Kensington 1, “Aside from the roving function of
guards, there is a new safety measure about the confirmation of citizenship which is
the RFID.” This tells that there are different policies that are being implemented aside
from roaming of guards such as RFID’s depends on the village admins that are
handling on the implementation of policies.
The good implementation of policies does not end at that point. According to
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a resident from Kensington 2, “Kada 1 or 2 hours may nag-iikot sana at may pa

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 passcode sa labas ng gate bago makapasok ang mga kotse may fifill-upan pa. At alam
dapat ang driver ang address nila for reassurance.” This shows that there is always a
room for improvement for the security management. The safety measures should be
improved before any serious circumstances might happen due to the lack of alertness
of the management’s security measures.

Trust within the community

The third theme that was derived out from the researchers’ analysis was the
trust given by the residents to the community and the authority appointed on their
respective villages. This tells that in community the residents and the village admins
should cooperate in order to have a harmonious and safe neighborhood, as result
trust was established within the community.
The majority of the answers of the participants tells that they established trust

on their respective villages, with the guards, village admins and staffs, to the LNC

admins. Examples of these are residents giving full support and showing compliance

to the village rules and guidelines.

On the participants’ view of a safe neighborhood

This research question asked the participants regarding their ideas and visions
towards a safe neighborhood and what should be done in order to attain a higher level of
security in their neighborhood.
Four (4) themes were derived in analyzing the responses of the participants. These
themes were derived by the researchers.
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 Values

The first theme that was derived out from the researchers’ analysis was the
values shown in the different answers of the participants. These values show what
characteristics the participants possess and what kind of values they want in their
neighborhood to attain a safe and harmonious community.
According to a resident from Manchester 2, “Dapat maging friendly, and
maging maingat sa pagdaan sa madidilim ng mag-isa.”. In addition, a resident from
Kensington 4 answered, “Having respect and discipline within the community.” Having
more values mentioned by the respondents, the researchers’ thought that having
moral values has a huge impact to improve the community, to be a safe and sound
neighborhood.
It is important that these values are possessed because without the core
values, nothing will change, and the problems will remain in the neighborhood. As
change starts from within, it is not being impossible, but with the right values and
applications, the goal of this study would be successful.

Immediate Response

The second theme that was derived was the immediate response. Most of the
residents wanted to have an immediate response every time there are circumstances
that needs their help. They recommended a responsive hotline for inquiries about
their emergencies.
Derek, a resident from Kensington 4, suggested that “Aside from CCTV, I personally
think having a quick and responsive hotline for residents is a must.” This hotline could
help the residents in case of emergencies or even help in reporting incidents and
overcome crimes to prevent further serious circumstances in the future.
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 Sufficient Equipments

The third theme is about the sufficient equipments that a neighbor should or
must have. This includes CCTVs that has high quality imaging, that is monitored by the
security management of all villages actively.

Aside from CCTVs, residents mentioned having road humps and gates for a
safer neighborhood, and it includes having road safety. According to a resident from
KS 4, that in order to have a safe neighborhood, “CCTV, Street light in all corners.” It is
important at night that there would be light not only for the residents who comes
home from work late but also for the vehicles that are used by the residents to avoid
accidents and other circumstances.

Sufficient equipments are not useful enough if it does not have security staff
that is monitoring it behind. No matter what advancement the technology or
equipment has, a staff that knows what to do is going to make it a handful for the
common good. And if it is not monitored, or just used it for display, therefore, the
equipment provided is impractical and ineffective.

Pakikisama
The last theme is about a term pakikisama which means that good interaction
and communication is essential to attain the goal that the researchers’ have for the
neighborhood. Inclusivity in a community makes a huge change in terms of
everything. Most of the respondents answered and agreed.
According to a resident from Manchester 2, “Pakikisama, open to your
neighbors.” And another one from the same village said, “Masaya, nagkakasundo lahat,
yung guard ay may communication sa homeowners” It is important that there is a
good communication between the neighborhood to form camaraderie and according
to a resident from Kensington 2, “Presence of others to be involve to a safe
community.”. In order to achieve a safe neighborhood, it should be a community
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 effort. The security management cannot handle it just by themselves, but it should
start from the people living in the neighborhood.
According to a resident from Kensington 7, “A safe neighborhood is where the
homeowners and the security guards are helping each other for the safety of the
community.” And from Kensington 1 mentioned, “Makiisa sa mga proyekto o
alituntunin sa komunidad.” These acts represent give and take from the community,
not only for the service of the security management but also motivating and giving
them appreciation.

Synthesis

These themes were derived from the answers of the residents in villages Kensington 1,
Kensington 2, Kensington 4, Kensington 7, and Manchester 2. Seven (7) themes were
thematized by the researchers’ analysis.

On the participants’ perception of safety measures on their neighborhood

1. Satisfied Feedbacks
The residents from different villages answered mostly are satisfied of the
service given but mentioned there is still a room for improvement. This shows that the
security is doing it right, but not enough. The community is still a prone for danger for
having low to average level of security measures.
2. Good Implementation of Policies
The good implementation of policies based on the participants’ answers
includes the curfew, RFID, confirmation of visitors, and the speed limits for vehicles.
This shows that the effectivity of rules and regulations is good, but most of the
respondents answered that the implementation is good but not enough- not to be
prone to danger.
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 3. Trust within the Community
The effectivity of the policies as mentioned established the trust within the
community with the average level of security which is said by the residents that is
good, but still there is a room for improvement which means, it is still not enough.
Trust is also established with the help of the village admins which makes the
neighborhood will get to suggest things they want to implement inside their
respective villages.

On the participants’ view of a safe neighborhood

4. Values
The values that a community possesses has an impact on what kind of ambiance does
a neighborhood has. This shows that it is important on how the residents and the
staffs to treat each other nicely in order for the community to function harmoniously.
5. Immediate Response
A safe neighborhood includes when the authorities, especially the
security management would response immediately to the residents’ need of
their service in terms of emergencies. In that way, it can be shown that the
security measures are effective and responsive.
6. Sufficient Equipments
Having the community well-equipped shows the technological advancement
that Lancaster New City would have but it does not end there. Being fully equipped
also needs manpower that needs to be monitored to function for its purpose. Without
someone that is utilizing an equipment, it is considered as useless; waste.
7. Pakikisama
The last theme derived is pakikisama wherein the whole community has good
communication and relations to each other. To achieve a healthy and safe community,
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wherein as a result, a bayanihan mentality where social responsibility and being aware,
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 having empathy for those who reside and work for the community will push them to
do things with passion and purpose.

8. GalingLNC Activities
There are a lot of activities hosted by a social group of residents and students
formed by the Cultural Developmental Group (CDG) that helps in developing the
community through social works such as tree-planting, clean-up drives and other
activities to promote a family-centered community.
9. Safety Measures and Village Policies
There are different village policies that are implemented by the admins to help
promote and keep the safety and security within the village, these includes curfews,
speed limit, responsible pet ownership. Aside from these, there are many safety
measures being implemented within the community, roving of guards, homeowner’s
verification and CCTVs.
10. Fair and Equal Practice - Security Policies
Having fair and equal implementation of the different safety measures is a
must within the community, this helps in the betterment of the all villages within the
community. This has a positive impact to homeowners in order to achieve a safe and
secured community. Every village must have an equal and fair implementation to
avoid discrimination within villages and to help prevent crimes in villages that has a
weaker implementation of security measures.

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 Action Plan

PLAN OF ACTION / ACTIVITIES OBJECTIVES PARTICIPANTS RESOURCES SUCCESS INDICATOR

 Improving Policies  To impose  Includes  Manpower,  Policies are

and the Lancaster improved and
improve the village Agents, more strictly
ongoing admins Posters, implemented
policies. and the Money
residents
to talk
about it

 Team Building  To improve  Residents  Venue of the  To form

Activities teamwork within activity, camaraderie
and impose the Materials and the spirit
camaraderie village, needed on the of teamwork
may activity, between the
include Money, neighborhood
family Transportation is acquired
members. to also
identify the
leaders.

 Weekly  To help the  Village  Tents, Chairs,  Residents are

Meetings/Updates resident be officers, Tables, updated and
more Village Projector, feels safe and
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admins,
hands-on Snacks secure
residents
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 within the
village

Plan for Advocacy

#SafeNeighborhood promotes the spirit of bayanihan within the village to help them

build trust and cooperation. In relation to safety and security, the residences will be alerted,

informed, and knowledgeable about what a safe neighborhood should be. The rules and

policies implementation will be improved after the outcome of this study continuing the

advocacy.

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 Bibliography

SOURCE:

Ludek Lukas. (2016). Secuware 2016: The Tenth International Conference on

Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies Theoretical Sources for a theory of
safety and security.

Homanda, M. , Lucas, P. ,etal.. (2016, August). The key theoretical models for the
safety and security ensuring. Olio:10.1109/MCSI.2016.022

Oscar Newman. (1976). Defensive Space Theory. Retrieved from

thecrimepreventionwebsite.com/garden-boundaries-fences-and-defensive-
plants/619/personal-and-defensible-space/

Wilson, James Q. Kelling, George L. , (1982). Broken Windows Theory. Retrieved from
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Baldwin, David A. (1997). The Concept of Security.

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 Appendices

G – Photos (Community Walk)

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