Candidate Name

School Name

CHEMISTRY

Saturday 27 February 2016

1 hour 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

·​ Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.

​

·​ ​You are not permitted access to any calculator for this paper.

·​ ​Section A: choose the answer you consider to be the best and cross your
choice on the answer sheet provided.
·​ ​Section B: answer all questions in the boxes provided. Unless otherwise stated
in the question, all numerical numbers should be given exactly or correct to three
significant figures.
·​ ​The maximum mark for this examination paper is [70 marks].

1
2
 SECTION A
Answer all questions in the answer sheet provided. (Total: 40 marks)

1. What volume of 0.500 mol dm​-3 ​HCl​(aq)​ is required to react completely with with 10.0g of
CaCO​3​?
A. 100 cm​3
B. 200 cm​3
C. 300 cm​3
D. 400 cm​3

2. Which of the following isotopes has the greatest number of neutrons?

​ Cl
A. 35​
​ P
B. 31​
​ Ar
C. 40​
​ Ca
D. 41​

3. How many joules of heat are released by a 150-gram sample of water that cools from 25°C to
5°C? (c for H​2​O is 4.18 JK​-1​g​-1​)
A. 78 375 joules
B. 720 joules
C. 627 joules
D. 12 540 joules

4. What is the correct set of quantum numbers for the eighth electron that fills the orbital in an
atom of oxygen?
A. ​n = 2, ​l = 1, ​m = –1, ​s = –½
B. ​n = 2, ​l = 1, ​m = +1, ​s = –½
C. ​n = 2, ​l = 1, ​m = +1, ​s = +½
D. ​n = 2, ​l = 0, ​m = –1, ​s = +½

3
5. How many of the following oxides are amphoteric?
Li​2​O, MgO, Al​2​O​3​, SiO​2
A. None
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4

6. The value of K​eq​ for the following reaction is 0.25:

SO​2 (g)​ + NO​2 (g)​ → SO​3 (g)​ + NO​ (g)

The value of K​eq​ at the same temperature for the reaction below is __________.

2SO​2 (g)​ + 2NO​2 (g)​ → 2SO​3 (g)​ + 2NO​ (g)

A. 0.062
B. 16
C. 0.25
D. 0.50

7. Which one of the following atoms has the largest ion radius?
A. Cs
B. Sr
C. I
D. Ca

4
8. Which one of the following configurations depict an excited carbon atom
A. 1s​2​2s​2​2p​3
B. 1s​2​2s​2​2p​2
C. 1s​2​2s​2​3s​1
D. 1s​2​2s​2​2p​1​3s​1

9. In the reaction Al + Fe​3+​ →Al​3+​ + Fe, the oxidizing agent is

A. Al
B. Fe
C. Al​3+
D. Fe​3+

10. What is the molecular geometry of BrF​5​?

A. Octahedral
B. Square planar
C. T-shaped
D. Square pyramidal

11. Which following molecule has a resonance structure?

A. H​2​SO​4
B. CCl​4
C. CO​3​2-
D. C​2​H​2

5
12. Which substances are soluble in hexane, C​6​H​14​?
I. C​8​H​18
II. CH​4
III. H​2​O

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I, II, and III

13. How many valence electrons are in an atom with the configuration 1s​2​2s​2​2p​6​3s​2​3p​2​?
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3

14. How many bond pairs and lone pairs does HCOOCH​3​ have?
Bond Pairs Lone Pairs
A. 8 4
B. 7 5
C. 7 4
D. 5 5

15. A substance is added to a solution containing two drops of phenolphthalein. The solution
then turns pink. Which substance would produce this color change?
A. HCl
B. H​2​CO​3
C. KOH
D. CH​3​CH​2​OH

6
16. Calculate the number of joules required to completely evaporate 18 grams of water at 98°C.
(H​v​ = 2259 Jg​-1​ and c = 4.18 JK​-1​g​-1​)
A. 40 812 joules
B. 40 512 joules
C. 150 joules
D. 40 662 joules

17. Which pairing is not a set of conjugates?

A. OH​–​ and H​2​O
B. H​2​SO​4​ and SO​4​2–
C. HCl and Cl​–
D. NH​3​ and NH​4​+

18. Which process below has been described correctly for a temperature above 274K?
A. H​2​O​(l)​ → H​2​O​(s)​ is exothermic and spontaneous
B. H​2​O​(l)​ → H​2​O​(s)​ is endothermic and spontaneous
C. H​2​O​(g)​ → H​2​O​(l)​ is endothermic and spontaneous
D. H​2​O​(s)​ → H​2​O​(l)​ is endothermic and spontaneous

19. An acid with a molar mass of 194.13 g mol​-1​ was found to contain 0.25 g of hydrogen, 8.0 g
of sulfur, and 16.0 g of oxygen. Determine the molecular formula.
A. HSO​4
B. H​2​S​2​O​8
C. H​3​S​3​O​12
D. H​2​S​2​O​4

7
20. Based on Gibbs Free Energy equation ΔG =ΔH-TΔS, a process will occur spontaneously
when
A. ΔG is positive and ΔS is positive
B. ΔH is positive and ΔT is negative
C. ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive
D. ΔH is negative and ΔS is negative

21. Given the reaction: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl​2​(aq) + H​2​(g)

Why is the reaction slower when a single piece of zinc is used than when powdered zinc of the
same mass is used?
A. The single piece of zinc is more reactive
B. The powdered zinc requires less activation energy
C. The powdered zinc generates more heat energy
D. The powdered zinc has a greater surface area

8
22. The diagram represents the Born–Haber cycle for the lattice enthalpy of sodium chloride.

What is the name of the enthalpy changes I, II and III?

I II III

A. ionization energy of Na electron affinity of Cl lattice enthalpy of NaCl

B. lattice enthalpy of NaCl ionization energy of Na electron affinity of Cl

C. electron affinity of Cl ionization energy of Na lattice enthalpy of NaCl

D. ionization energy of Na lattice enthalpy of NaCl electron affinity of Cl

23. Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy?

A. C​3​H​8​(g) + 5O​2​(g) → 3CO​2​(g) + 4H​2​O(g)

B. H​2​(g) + Cl​2​(g) → 2HCl(g)
C. N​2​ + 3H​2​ → 2NH​3​(g)
D. C​2​H​4​ + H​2​ → C​2​H​6​(g)

9
24. A reaction has a standard enthalpy change, ΔH Θ , of +10.00 kJ mol​–1​ at 298 K. The standard
entropy change, ΔSΘ , for the same reaction is +10.00 J K–1 mol​–1​. What is the value of ΔGΘ for
the reaction in kJ mol​–1​?
A. +9.75
B. +7.02
C. –240
D. –2970

25. Which takes place when a catalyst is added to a reaction at equilibrium?

A. The point of equilibrium is shifted to the right
B. The point of equilibrium is shifted to the left
C. The forward and reverse reactions rates are increased unequally
D. The forward and reverse reactions rates are increased equally

26. Write the name of this organic compound.

A. Methyl Octanoate
B. Ethyl Butanoate
C. Isopropyl Benzoate
D. Propyl Propanoate

10
27. The expression for K​eq​ for the reaction below is __________.
4CuO​ (s)​ + CH​4 (g)​ → CO​2 (g)​ + 4Cu​ (s)​ + 2H​2​O​ (g)

A. 2
P CO P H
2 2O
P CH
4

B. P CH
4
2
PH P CO
2O 2

C. 2
[Cu] P CO P H
2 2O
[CuO]4 P CH
4

D. P CH
4
2
P CO P H
2 2

28. In which of the following reactions would increasing pressure at constant temperature not
change the concentrations of reactants and products, based on Le Chatelier's principle?
A. N​2 (g)​ + 3H​2 (g)​ ↔ 2NH​3 (g)
B. 2N​2 (g)​ + O​2 (g)​ ↔ 2N​2​O​ (g)
C. N​2(g)​ + 2O​2(g)​ ↔ 2NO​2(g)
D. N​2 (g)​ + O​2 (g)​ ↔ 2NO​ (g)

29. Which atom is not paired with its correct ionic charge?
A. Rb / Rb​-
B. Mg / Mg​2+
C. F / F​-
D. Li / Li​+

11
30. Which substance below is expected to be the strongest electrolyte?
A. Chlorous acid
B. Water
C. Acetic acid
D. Hydrofluoric acid

31. The atomic weight of element X is 100 g/mol. 50 g of X combines with 32.0 g of oxygen.
What is the simplest formula for the resulting compound?
A. X​2​O
B. XO​2
C. X​2​O​3
D. XO​4

32. B is a weak base. Which equilibrium corresponds to the equilibrium constant K​a​ for HB​+​?
A. HB​+​ ​(aq)​ + H​3​O​+​ ​(aq)​ ↔ H​2​B​2​+​ ​(aq)​ + H​2​O​ (l)
B. B ​(aq)​ + H​2​O​(l)​ ↔ HB​+​ ​(aq)​ + OH​-​ ​(aq)
C. HB​+​ ​(aq)​ + OH​-​ ​(aq)​ ↔ B ​(aq)​ + H​2​O ​(l)
D. HB​+​ ​(aq)​ + H​2​O ​(l) ↔ B ​(aq)​ + H​3​O​+​ ​(aq)

33. What is the purpose of the salt bridge in an electrochemical cell?

A. It allows ion migration
B. It allows neutron migration
C. It allows electron migration
D. It prevents ion migration

12
34. When non-spontaneous redox reactions occur by use of an external current, the process is
called
A. neutralization
B. esterification
C. electrolysis
D. hydrolysis

35. Which aqueous solution contains the most hydrogen ions?

A. 20 cm​3​ of 2 mol dm​-3​ sulfuric acid
B. 10 cm​3​ of 4 mol dm​-3​ nitric acid
C. 80 cm​3​ of 0.5 mol dm​-3​ hydrochloric acid
D. 40 cm​3​ of 0.5 mol dm​-3​ sulfuric acid

36. Which conditions are required to obtain a good yield of a carboxylic acid when ethanol is
oxidized using potassium dichromate(VI), K​2​Cr​2​O​7(aq)​?
I. Add sulfuric acid.
II. Heat the reaction mixture under reflux.
III. Distill the product as the oxidizing agent is added.

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I, II, and III

37. Which statement about a stereoisomer is correct?

A. 1,2-dichloroethane has two geometrical isomers
B. 1,2-dichloroethane has two optical isomers
C. 1,2-dichloroethene has two geometrical isomers
D. 1,2-dichloroethene has two optical isomers

13
38. In the chemical cell reaction 2Cr + 3Ni​2+​ → 2Cr​3+​ + 3Ni, which species is reduced?
A. Cr
B. Ni​2+
C. Cr​3+
D. Ni

39. Which one of the following atoms is a paramagnetic material?

A. Ca
B. Zn
C. Ni
D. F

40. Which statement is false?

A. CH​3​CH​2​NH​2​ is ethanamine
B. CH​3​CHBrCHBrCH​3​ is 2,3-dibromobutane
C. CH​3​CH​2​OH is an ether
D. Cyclopentane and 2-pentene have a molecular formula of C​5​H​10

14
 Section B
Answer all questions in the box provided. (Total: 30 marks)

1. ​[Maximum mark: 4]
State whether the reaction between sodium hydroxide and 1-Iodoethane is S​N​1 or S​N​2
nucleophilic reaction and draw a complete diagram of the reaction with steps.

15
2. ​[Maximum mark: 4]
0.600 mol of aluminum hydroxide is mixed with 0.600 mol of sulfuric acid. Determine the
chemical equation and limiting reactant.

16
3. ​[Maximum mark: 4]
Thallium is in Group 3 of the periodic table. Thallium reacts with halogens to form many
compounds and ions.

a) Draw the shape of the TlBr​3​2–​ ion and the shape of the TlCl​4​3–​ ion. Include any lone pairs of
electrons that influence the shapes. ​[2]

b) Thallium(I) bromide (TlBr) is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 480 ºC. Suggest the
type of bonding present in thallium(I) bromide and state why the melting point is high. ​[2]

17
4. ​[Maximum mark: 4]
Tetrafluoroethene, C​2​F​4​, is obtained from chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF​2​, according to the
equation:

2CHClF​2(g)​ → C​2​F​4(g)​ + 2HCl​(g)

A 1.0 mol sample of CHClF​2​ is placed in a container of volume 18.5 dm3 and heated. When
equilibrium is reached, the mixture contains 0.20 mol of CHClF​2​.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of C​2​F​4​ and the number of moles of HCl present at
equilibrium. ​[1]

(ii) Write an expression for ​Kc​ for the equilibrium. ​[1]

(iii) Calculate a value for ​Kc​ and give its units. ​[2]

18
5.​ ​[Maximum mark: 4]
Methylamine is a weak Brønsted-Lowry base and can be used in aqueous solution with one other
substance to prepare a basic buffer.
(i) Explain the term ​Brø​nsted-Lowry base and write an equation for the reaction of
methylamine with water to produce an alkaline solution. ​[1]

(ii) Suggest a substance that could be added to aqueous methylamine to produce a

basic buffer. ​[1]

(iii) Explain how the buffer solution in part (a)(ii) is able to resist a change in pH
when a small amount of sodium hydroxide is added. ​[2]

19
6. ​[Maximum mark: 10]
Draw the chemical structure of 4,4 dimethylhex-2-yne, state how many sigma and pi bonds
consisting the structure and, with steps, explain the steps of hybridization for ethyne. (also state
which type of hybridization it is).

20