SOLUTIONS TO TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

,
or

.
Substitute into the original problem, replacing all forms of , getting
SOLUTION 1 : Integrate . Use u-substitution. Let

so that
,
or

.
Substitute into the original problem, replacing all forms of , getting (Use antiderivative rule 5 from the beginning of this section.)

.
(Use antiderivative rule 2 from the beginning of this section.)

SOLUTION 4 : Integrate . Begin by

squaring the function, getting

SOLUTION 2 : Integrate . Use u-substitution. Let

(Use trig identity A from the beginning of this section.)

so that
,
or

.
Substitute into the original problem, replacing all forms of , getting

.
Now use u-substitution. Let

(Use antiderivative rule 7 from the beginning of this section.) so that

.
Substitute into the original problem, replacing all forms of x, getting

SOLUTION 3 : Integrate . Use u-

substitution. Let

so that
 .
SOLUTION 6 : Integrate . Begin by
squaring the function, getting

SOLUTION 5 : Integrate . First use trig identity C

from the beginning of this section, getting

(Use antiderivative rule 7 from the beginning of this section on the first
integral and use trig identity F from the beginning of this section on the
second integral.)

.
Now use u-substitution. Let

so that
,
or

.
(Now use antiderivative rule 3 from the beginning of this section.)
Substitute into the original problem, getting

SOLUTION 7 : Integrate . First rewrite the function

(Recall that .), getting

(Use antiderivative rule 1 from the beginning of this section.)

(Now use trig identity A from the beginning of this section.)

(Combine constant with since is an arbitrary
constant.)

.
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(Use antiderivative rule 2 from the beginning of this section on the first
integral.)
 . SOLUTION 9 : Integrate . First use trig identity
Now use u-substitution. Let A from the beginning of this section to rewrite the function, getting

so that

,
or (Now factor the numerator. Recall

.
that .)
Substitute into the original problem, replacing all forms of , getting

(Divide out the factors of .)

(Use antiderivative rule 2 from the beginning of this section.)

SOLUTION 8 : Integrate . Use u-substitution.

Let

.
so that (Don't forget to use the chain rule when
differentiating .)
,
or

.
Substitute into the original problem, replacing all forms of , getting