Salasibar, Eliana H.

Pcbet-25-202A

1. Who were the illustrados,creoles and peninsulares? What role did they play in the
development of Filipino nationalism?

 The Ilustrados constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period
in the late 19th century. Elsewhere in New Spain, the term gente de razón carried a
similar meaning. They were the middle class who were educated in Spain and exposed to
Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals. The term "Filipino" in its earliest sense
referred only to Spaniards who were born in the Philippines or insulares(creoles).
Spanish-born Spaniards or mainland Spaniards residing in the Philippines were referred
to as peninsulares. The indigenous people of the Philippines were referred to as indios.
Those of mixed ancestry were referred to as mestizos.
 Traditionally, the “creoles” enjoyed various government and Church positions, and made
up the majority of the government bureaucracy. These “creoles” campaigned for the
rights of Filipino priests (creoles, mestizos and indios) and pressed for secularization of
Philippine parishes. The Latin American revolutions and the decline of friar influence in
Spain resulted in the increase of the regular clergy (peninsular friars) in the Philippines.
Filipino priests (creoles, mestizos and indios) were being replaced by Spanish friars
(peninsulares).

2. Explain how the creoles and the nature Filipinos cane to be United against the evils of Spanish
rule in the Philippines

 To one tenth of the population she gave her beautiful language; to all, she gave the
Christian family life. The Filipinos are the only oriental people who belong to 'the
Christian population of the world, and this alone has prepared them for political and
social life. To the devoted friars are eternally indebted the Filipino leaders of to-day. The
work of the church in education, in religion, and in charity can not be over estimated

3. What was the secularization movement? How did it help in the development of Filipino
nationalism

 Secular priests were trained to run the parishes and were under the supervision of the
bishops. Secular priests must fill in the vacancy left by the regular clergy. The increase of
number in Christian converts proved to be too much compared to the number of clerics.
Due to lack of personnel, the various religious orders opened membership to young
native Filipinos.
4. Mention some of the ways by which Spain unwittingly contributed to the rise of the Filipino
nationalism?

 Transformed Philippines as the center for world trtade. Provincial ports were opened to
foreign merchants rice, sugar, abaca, tobacco and indigo. Broke her dependency on the
treasury of Mexico. The economy of the Philippines rose rapidly and its local industries
developed.

5. What is the significance of the opening of the Suez Canal in the development of nationalism
among Filipinos?

6. What was the propaganda movement? was it a success or a failure? Explain

 It was a literary and cultural association of Filipinos who settled and studied in Europe. It
is the manipulation of information to influence public opinion. For me fail because base
on the results of propaganda movement they not achieve what they want.

7. What was La liga Filipina? What were its aims? What was the cause of the split in it's
membership?

 La liga Filipina Almost simultaneously with the introduction of Masonry in the

Philippines, a civic society called La Propaganda was established. Its members,
composed mostly, of not exclusively, of the middle class, contributed money to defray
the expenses of the Filipino reformers in Spain who were waging a campaign to obtain
political concessions from the Mother Country. The funds collected were forwarded to
the Hispano-Filipino Association. In time, however, the funds of the organization were
malversed, and the society passed out of existence.
 Aims to unite the whole archipelago into one vigorous and homogenous organization;
Mutual protection in every want and necessity; Defence against all violence and injustice;
Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and Study the application of
reforms.
 La liga Filipina split into two groups Cuerpo de Compromisario pledge to continue
supporting the La Solidaridad. Katipunan radicals led by Bonifacio devoted themselves to
a new and secret society.
Salasibar, Eliana H.

Pcbet-25-202A

1. How did the aims of La liga Filipina differs from those of the Katipunan?

 The La Liga was thus dissolved before long and its membership split into two groups: the
‘Cuerpo de Compromisarios’ which comprised the conservatives who aimed to continue
supporting the La Solidaridad, and the ‘Katipunan’ which consisted of the radicals led by
Bonifacio.

2. What condition made an armed revolution in the Philippines inevitable?

 The Philippine Revolution (Filipino: Himagsikang Pilipino; Spanish: Revolución

Filipina), called the Tagalog War (Spanish: Guerra Tagala, Filipino: Digmaang Tagalog)
by the Spanish,[2] was a revolution and subsequent conflict fought between the people
and insurgents of the Philippines and the Spanish colonial authorities of the Spanish East
Indies, under the Spanish Empire (Kingdom of Spain).

3. If Spain had granted the basic reforms demanded by the illustrados, do you think there would
have been a Philippine revolution? Explain

4. The Philippine revolution has been described by a respect historian as a “Revolt of the
Masses”. Explain the meaning of that phrases

 In dealing with Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan, I put more emphasis on the latter
than on his founder and leader, firstly because of the lack of resources in his life, and
secondly because I believe that Bonifacio can better be seen and admired against the
background of the revolutionary culture. He could not have risen above it, either. To
understand him, the Katipunan has to be understood. Because of the culture he looms big.
Then he has to be seen in and through the Katipunan, and this method of unraveling his
life's thin and broken threads is true only because of the lack of material.

5. Comment on the stand taken by Dr. Jose Rizal on the katipunan plans for an armed revolution.

6. Why did many of the rich and educated Filipinos become unsympathetic towards the
katipunan?

7. How were the ilustrados able to arrest the leadership of the revolution from Bonifacio? Why
do you think some of Aguinaldo’s generals wanted Bonifacio to be executed?
8. Trace briefly the events that led to the downfall of Bonifacio as a leader of the Philippine
revolution

 2 provincial council in Cavite

Magdiwang Council
headquarters in Noveleta, headed by Mariano Alvares
 Magdalo Council
Headquarters in Kawit
Headed by Baldomero Aguinaldo
Not united and when attacked by Spanish forces the divided Katipuneros couldn’t
put up an effective defense.

9. What was historical significance of the “Cry of Pugad lawin”?

 The''Cry of Pugad Lawin'' was a cry for freedom. Its historic significance to us consists of
the realization that the Filipino people had finally realized the lasting value of freedom
and independence and the need to fight in order to prove themselves worthy to be called a
truly free people.

10. What was the fact of biak-no-bato? What were the basic terms of that peace agreement? Did
the agreement really bring peace to the Philippines? Explain

 The fact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 15, 1897, created a truce between Spanish
colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader
Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow
revolutionaries were given amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish Government,
in return for which the revolutionary government would go into exile in Hong Kong.
Aguinaldo had decided to use the money to purchase advance firearms and ammunition
later on return to the archipelago. The fact was not successful, it was short lived. Filipinos
were suspicious and so didn’t surrender their arms. The Spanish authorities failed to
fulfill their amount. They also started to arrest the known rebels and rebels sympathies.