Remote

 Sensing  exam  questions  

Electromagnetic  Radiation:  

basic  definitions:  from  energy  to  illuminance;  spectral  irradiance  and  illuminance;  the  electromagnetic  
spectrum;  the  laws  of  electromagnetic  radiation;  definitions  and  laws  of  reflectivity,  absorptivity  and  
trasmittivity;  the  spectral  signature;  discuss  the  differences  in  remote  sensing  between  ideal  and  real  case.  

Satellites,  Sensors  and  data  formats:  

discuss  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  satellite  data;  sensors  characteristics;  data  resolutions;  Landsat  
history;  TM/ETM+  and  Operational  Land  Imager  sensors;  SPOT  history;  HRG  and  NAOMI  sensors;  IKONOS  
and  World  View  sensor;  data  formats.  

Geometric  Correction  (Georeferencing):  

discuss  the  scope  and  principles  of  georeferencing;  discuss  in  general  the  LS  process  of  map  to  image  
registration;  polynomial  (example  of  linear)  and  rototranslation  with  scale  factor  models:  control  points,  
observations  and  unknowns  in  the  problem;  resampling:  nearest  neighbor  and  bilinear  resampling.  

Atmospheric  Influence  and  Radiometric  Correction:  

discuss  all  the  atmospheric  effects  and  the  general  idea  of  radiometric  corrections.  

Band  Algebra  &  Vegetation  Indexes  

main  band  algebra  operators;  examples:  image  masking,  Landsat  MSS  vegetation  indexes.  

Principal  Components:    

discuss  the  aims  and  principles  of  PC  transformation;  explain  the  transformation.  

The  Classification  Problem:  

discuss  the  principles  and  problems  of  absolute  and  relative  classification;  discuss  the  principles  of  pattern  
recognition;  linear  decision  functions;  decision  functions  based  on  the  distance;  the  boundaries  between  
regions.  

Clustering  and  Unsupervised  Classification:  

discuss  the  principles  of  unsupervised  clustering  and  relevant  criteria;  hierarchical  clustering;  k-­‐means.  

Supervised  Classification:  

discuss  the  principles  of  supervised  classification;  Euclidean  distance,  threshold  introduction;  
parallelepiped;  Mahalanobis;  maximum  likelihood;  Bayesian  approach.  The  confusion  matrix.  

DTM:  

define  topography  elevation;  define  DTMs;  describe  the  GRID  data  model;  accuracy,  spatial  scale  and  
resolution  of  a  DTM;  describe  the  main  characteristics  of  SRTM,  GDEM  and  GMTED.