TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARMENT

Hydraulics Engineering
Laboratory
COURSE & YEAR: BSCE.4th Year
SUBJECT & SECTION: CE411/CE42FB1
GROUP NO.: (GROUP 1)

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO.: 4

RATE OF DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT USING

SLUICE GATE

DATE PERFORMED: DECEMBER 05, 2018

DATE SUBMITTED: DECEMBER 13, 2018
GRADE

ENGR. GERMAN BARLIS D.T.

INSTRUCTOR
 FINAL TABULATION OF DATA AND RESULTS

This table represents the trials made by each group in performing the exercise.

Table 1.

𝑻𝑹𝑰𝑨𝑳
𝐦 𝐦𝟑 𝐦𝟑 𝐦𝟑
𝐛(𝐦) 𝐚 (𝐦) 𝐂𝐜 𝐲𝟏 (𝐦) 𝐲𝟐 (𝐦) 𝐕𝟐 ( ) 𝐐𝐭 ( ) 𝐐𝐚 ( ) 𝐐𝐒𝐆 ( ) %𝐃𝐈𝐅𝐅
𝑵𝑶𝑺. 𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐬𝐞𝐜

1 0.087 0.025 0.62 0.186 0.0155 1.835 2.474x10-3 2.222x10-3 2x10-3 9.71%

2 0.087 0.025 0.62 0.25 0.0155 2.149 2.898x10-3 2.361x10-3 2.347x10-3 0.577%

3 0.087 0.025 0.62 0.175 0.0155 1.776 2.395x10-3 2.5x10-3 1.94x10-3 22.402%

4 0.087 0.025 0.62 0.191 0.016 1.860 2.589x10-3 2.639x10-3 2.097x10-3 20.538%

5 0.087 0.025 0.62 0.29 0.016 2.2835 3.079x10-3 2.639x10-3 2.4942x10-3 5.49%
COMPUTATIONS:

OBTAINED DATA:

𝑎 = 2.5𝑐𝑚

𝑏 = 8.7𝑐𝑚

𝑚3
𝑄𝑎 = 8
ℎ

𝑦1 = 18.6𝑐𝑚

CONVERSION:

1𝑚
𝑎 = 2.5𝑐𝑚 × = 0.025𝑚
100𝑐𝑚

1𝑚
𝑏 = 8.7𝑐𝑚 × = 0.087𝑚
100𝑐𝑚

𝑚3 1ℎ 𝑚3
𝑄𝑎 = 8 × = 2.222 × 10−3
ℎ 3600 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐

1𝑚
𝑦1 = 18.6𝑐𝑚 × = 0.186𝑚
100𝑐𝑚

SOLUTION:

FOR 𝑦2 :

𝑦2 = 𝐶𝑐 (𝑎)

𝑦2 = 0.62(0.025) = 0.0155𝑚
FOR VELOCITY:

𝑦 2
[(𝑦2 ) 𝑉2 ] 𝑉22
1
𝑦1 + = 𝑦2 +
2𝑔 2𝑔

0.0155𝑚 2
[( 0.186𝑚 ) 𝑉2 ] 𝑉22
0.186𝑚 + = 0.0155 +
2(9.81𝑚/𝑠) 2(9.81)

𝑚
𝑉2 = 1.835
𝑠𝑒𝑐

FOR THEORETICAL FLOW RATE:

𝑄𝑡 = 𝐴2 𝑉2

𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄𝑡 = (0.0155 × 0.087)𝑚2 × 1.835 = 2.474 × 10−3
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐

FOR THE FLOW RATE OF THE SLUICE GATE:

𝑄𝑆𝐺 = 𝐶𝐷 (𝑉2 )

−3
𝑚3 −3
𝑚3
𝑄𝑆𝐺 = 0.81 (2.474 × 10 ) = 2.00 × 10
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐

FOR PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE:

|𝑄𝑎 − 𝑄𝑡 |
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 = × 100%
𝑄𝑎

𝑚3 𝑚3
|2.222 × 10−3 𝑠𝑒𝑐 − 2.474 × 10−3 𝑠𝑒𝑐|
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚3
× 100% = 9.71%
𝑄𝑎 2.222 × 10−3 𝑠𝑒𝑐
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The experiment results indicates hydraulic jump caused by the sluice gate. In our

group’s trial in the experiment, the upstream has 0.186m and the downstream has

0.025m however since there is a Cc, the actual height of the downstream is 0.0155m.

𝑚3
The theoretical flow rate for this is 2.474 × 10−3 𝑠𝑒𝑐, which shows a not very steady flow

of the fluid.

The final results expected are slightly different with the theoretical value. Errors

ranging from 0% - 20% is present in the total experiment, whereby it is acceptable

𝑚3
percentage error scale. And for the flow rate we got which is 2.474 × 10−3 𝑠𝑒𝑐, the

percentage error is 9.71%. The large difference between experiment value and

theoretical value of height of hydraulic jump has caused this error. This error is

assumed to be caused by bad accuracy of the apparatus. Water pump and the flow

pump with faults could have caused the error. Parallax error also could have been the

cause whereby the measurement reader had some distance between the measuring

scale and the indicator used to obtain a measurement. Moreover, being not able to find

the real Cc has caused big percentage error for this experiment.
 ABSTRACT

Sluice gates are used for controlling and measuring flow rates in open channels
and rivers, mainly in connection to hydro power plants. It commonly control water levels
and flow rates in rivers and canals. Sluice gate flow metering is often used to measure
flow rate in open channels and are also often used to modulate flow.

This paper demonstrates the rate of discharge measurement using the sluice
gate. This also presents the percentage difference of theoretical value from the
experimental flow rate discharge that is computed every trial. A minimum value of the
contraction coefficient for sluice gates was used. Contract coefficient can be defined as
the ratio of contract depth with the gate opening.

The discharge through a sluice gate is affected not only by the upstream flow
depth for free flow but also by both the upstream and downstream flow depths for
submerged flow (Henderson, 1966; Lin et al., 2002)
The sluice gate flow rate measurement is based on the Bernoulli Equation. The
discharge coefficient depends on different parameters such as upstream and tail-water
depths, gate opening, contraction coefficient of the gate and the flow condition.
In practice the typical discharge coefficient is approximately 0.62 for free flow
conditions. It is concluded that using the proposed contraction coefficient in estimating
the discharge coefficient demonstrates an acceptable accuracy.