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Forced sam Step-3 Telenomce = KE am Sree caleatetton el furdgwrentad doviedon e det fundamental dsvigten dy tve Jor hole v tyto h fundamental deviation us -ve for Chale s FD de Few Sn Queytton oy lable cn bawy a, bd + Recomended {7% HF p¢ : paae ‘| Intenjerence WF NE ‘ ran giton oe © amma y Gauges Prag aasge — > te check Alene of holes Ring ORge —> be chee\s trtenance o Dralts Jorge tolerance = 10% A werk telenance Toleance Arye unl : Larileterall Bilevrenad voorkshs bCso ) Z Fez ee ie \ wz 3 Producer's risk wrt —> (onsumen’s Yisk « Ber wire Wye 1 meanna tnregd pana chery A= & See X Ra gich of thread a a Xe tweed anqle = Planimetker ub a dove used te meanune re Awe, J ang flora malare by, Aeasing boun doy, am Qe + Optical flak 2 Use monochre matte (gir YO Solel Ane Haime ss oy other optical Suaface oy Tntenhowate - D> distance bho hyo sucewive Hinge = 3 Dictance bles ofp f opheal flat = “se = nko ah Ay A= Seperstion ble edges fem) ne ne. of fringes fom Az menochyo matic Ligh = oe . wavelength (om) f tak folished Aunface On= BY. ble guage hers Ws component (m9) . [ Device UAAQ;e Climometer optical dwite jer pees elevation omale above yer Qomteak | Aude colli motor meamarment of Sorell Angles opted Square Wed to Se ok hr angles Lasey Accanin Ansbectton Ko work Bece ot microme! Wah *embr % motion Meleod gage Used Jo Meat vaccum, Telescopic Couges} Used to measure a borels Spe CHRPTER=S_ [meta forming | © Racngialtsatton ‘ember Sor pure medal = £4 me + Recrugialisatton tembr for alloys = Lam 2 + Rol\ing Ga considmed ox Hot volltn unles mentioned + Rac DES ee Aluminium foil > Roly eting brs hy Aa bite angle Ve friction joulgdedk he thy = oO) stan < WwW CD yinimun ne. ps = ne OF), QOnax + Elongation coekicien ! E= dy 2 Ae for Ainge fax ds aa Elie dn Be Jey n- pow i 6. © Rowen vequived uv voling projected length = kp = RRnX me Projected Sven = he x »b wut Roy seprating fore = US x (dpb) N frm lengity = AS OS Xe for Woh vollin Ooms Be Aor Cd ralling Torque wr yvel\m = To Fx w& jooo Nw a Se . °. 129 > Foratag Max Mechanical prepakes oblatned, Vpsetting yeat- ine 0, bi Wed dy gy 12° Astewming fovea Uy * Sequence Mmvolved tn closed die boeing, Paes or Swogiing, veducing Xo Aw clomepcte “ing getraing wrectenieg ak reutred peri Hea Bending wequtved (or Amese ents whith an to \ be beak. | veduting XoSJ¢ ak one end only Fla trening, Bing into dte Pic Serni fetching im bression Baer Fined puv We caiiiies Removing Roark. » Hot Sera — mothn yous cy lubvican Cold forging —> phes phate an Qubricawt Ge Ole <) = \ = dn dy = ‘Bre Gre anos) = a (Ly = mG) True Atoin € = Ah - Fala Fenot dengre "Ge ke Ne EC, ak ultimate -tenvle streg SS Grusion Gxtyution rato > vat o & Srreasy © Gold Extrusion —> Colt psible tube 4 t e Hydvestedle Extcusion —? hor Brittle maranteds » Extrusion Load () A = of WS i (a) Extrusion Atren Ce y Sa . Dressing, dead Jos ido (ondition , cz ee t= Ay OR T= To dn GT, Tauck ney, D> Sneed metal chenation eel ay" |r Bye . Punching, : Conch ge = Wye % vole Fe MZe = Punth Be + 2c blanking 7 De Ayes Bye of Qrodade Punch Sye=s Die Sye- Ae C= O.003Q2 4 JT mn += mm TH mle « Force th east ov mers = fests x bat « + Shean on Ronde ro *() Ss germ Sr te, fe = Pk wren — diaglacement — Cu < =) Ba pee gsi doh WD. F x Pe max FL = (& Penetration )x & > Drawing —— p —__,, an Sa i sh Ly bh > p= Jat 4an [as2ce] nt <—sN D= Jatt4udn — ocr ° eres) eons veto (Lpa) ¥ Csr e 4< ree] Lene Dw 14 8d 3 Allowable veduthon 4 dlamebe Bena allows nce Se CeasKe) ae bend angle Go redieg Re bendwadid D mectnickne 3 \se& ——4 90% ana —— > Boy 3rd ———> 45% 4m —— 16% Rage eS lor Rowe . Defects wy Drawing cames} Reagen|® Wrinkle Tysulicient: Blank holder — A Frac lenge blank hel dev Pramas Carin AR co tro pI miss Cri ke ~miselacement- orange Reed Coange Qvain a5z6 Sunface Rourke, fnsulicient Lubrication => Rinaing += Ey Gn & = Cone hich bya bat thickness X= bhp cone angle

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