Term paper

On

Rohingya Crisis and the Forms of Bangladesh From The Perspective Of A

Student

Course Title: GED: Bangladesh Studies

Submitted by
Syed Tareq Aziz Hoque

Roll: 2022151028

Department of Business Administration in Finance and Banking

Email: syedtareqaziz7@gmail.com

Submitted To
Professor Mohammad Mozahidul Islam, phD

Adjunct Faculty

Bangladesh University of Professionals

Email: mozahid@juniv.edu
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 2

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ 2

BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 2

OBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................................................... 4

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ................................................................................................. 4

A. SERVICES FROM INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES ................................................ 5

B. CONCERNS FOR ROHINGYA CHILDREN .............................................................. 6

C. NOTABLE DISEASES ..................................................................................................... 7

D. FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ................................................................................ 7

IMPROVING REFUGEES’ MEDIUM-TERM PROSPECTS ................................................ 8

CONCERNS FOR BANGLADESH .............................................................................................. 9

FACILITIES FROM GOVERNMENT OF BANGLADESH ................................................ 10

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 10

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INTRODUCTION
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to research the concurrent overview of Rohingya refugees who fled to
Bangladesh and thus the quantity is increasing day by day. It also gives importance to the
concerns for Bangladesh within the context of food security, environment, tourism, national
security than on. Although the Bangladesh government in conjunction with international
organizations and Non-Government

Organizations is trying to make sure the standard of living of the Rohingyas, impediments are
evident. Moreover, massive cooperation and support from confederates and thus the rest of the
world can reduce the certain burdens from Bangladesh Government by providing foods,
medications and other necessary goods for the Rohingyas.

BACKGROUND
The Rohingya people (historically also termed Arakanese Indians) are a stateless people of Indo-
Aryan from Rakhine State, Myanmar. The Rohingyas are native to western Myanmar with a
heritage of over a millennium and influences from the Arabs, Mughals and Portuguese. On 23
Oct 2017, the UN council reported that an estimated 603,000 refugees from Rakhine, Myanmar
had crossed the border into Bangladesh alone since August 25, 2017. This number increased to
624000 by November 7, 2017. the bulk is Muslims while a minority are from other religions.
Described by the United Nations in 2013, the important persecuted minorities within the earth,
the Rohingya population denied citizenship under the Myanmar nationality law of 1982.
consistent with Human Rights Watch, the 1982 laws effectively deny the Rohingya the
likelihood of acquiring a nationality. Despite having the power to trace Rohingya history to the
8th century, Myanmar law doesn't recognize the ethnos together of the eight "national races".
they're also restricted from freedom of movement, state education, and officialdom jobs. The
legal conditions faced by the Rohingya in Myanmar are widely compared to apartheid by many
international academics, analysts and political figures, including Tutu, a famous South African
anti-apartheid activist.

The Rohingyas have faced military crackdowns in 1978, 1991–1992, 2012, 2015 and 2016–
2017. UN officials and HRW have described Myanmar's persecution of the Rohingya as an act.
The UN human rights ambassador to Myanmar stated that the history of persecution and offense
against the Rohingya people may amount to crimes against humanity, and fears of a growing
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genocide are increasing. Yanghee Lee, the UN special investigator of Myanmar, believes the
country wants to expel its total Rohingya population. The Rohingya community claims it's
descendancy from people in pre-colonial and colonial Arakan; historically, the region was a free
kingdom between Southeast Asia and therefore the Indian subcontinent. Rohingya lawmakers
were elected by the Parliaments of Myanmar until oppression increased within the late-20th
century. Despite accepting the term Rohingya within the past, the official position of the
Myanmar government is that Rohingyas aren't a national race, but there are illegal immigrants
from neighboring Bangladesh. Myanmar's government has stopped recognizing the term
"Rohingya" and prefers to ask the community as Bengalis. Rohingya campaign groups, notably
the Arakan Rohingya National Organization, demand the proper to "self-determination within
Myanmar".

Probes by the UN have found evidence of accelerating incitement of hatred and nonsecular
intolerance by a certain group of Elite Buddhists" against Rohingyas while the Myanmar forces
are conducting "summary executions, enforced disappearances and changes, arbitrary arrests and
detentions, torture and ill-treatment and made labor" against the community. According to the
United Nations, the violations of the basic rights against the Rohingyas are crimes against
humanity.

Before the 2015 Rohingya refugee catastrophe and thus the military crackdown in 2016 and
2017, the Rohingya population in Myanmar was around 1.3 million, chiefly within the northern
Rakhine townships. Since 2015, over 900,000 Rohingya refugees fled away to southeastern
Bangladesh alone, and more to other neighboring countries, and other major Muslim nations.
More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Myanmar are confined in camps for internally displaced
persons. Shortly before a Rohingya rebel attack that killed 12 security forces on August 25,
2017, the Myanmar military had launched "clearance operations" against the Rohingya Muslims
in Rakhine state that leftover 3,000 dead, more injured, tortured or raped, villages burned. Over
600,000 Rohingyas escaped from Myanmar to Bangladesh alone, and more to other countries.
According to the Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commission, more like 624,000 Rohingyas
had entered Bangladesh until November 8. Global Refugees described the actions of the
Myanmar militants are against humanity.

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OBJECTIVE
Notable objectives of this paper are given below.

1. To assess the present situation of Rohingya crisis

2. To spot the role of international agencies in providing aid

3. To work out the present health condition of Rohingya children

4. To draw concerns for Bangladesh

5. To assess overall facilities for Rohingyas from Bangladesh Government.

Though these are the notable objectives of this research paper, this paper also will
specialize in the perception of the Rohingya women regarding contraceptives, sex
education and complications in pregnancy.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

In total, more than 8,30,000 Rohingya refugees are sheltering in Bangladesh, having escaped
violence and persecution in Myanmar according to Bangladesh Government. This includes more
than 6,24,000 people, the vast majority of women and children, who have fled since violence
erupted on 25 August. The momentum and scale of arrivals make this the world’s fastest-growing
refugee crisis. The refugees that came are housed or have taken shelter in Cox’s Bazar and its
upazilas, where excessive pressure is being placed on resources. The people that have arrived in
Bangladesh since 25 August came with only a few possessions. They have used the bulk of their
savings on transportation and constructing a shelter, often out of no quite bamboo and thin plastic.
They are now reliant on humanitarian assistance for food, and other life-saving needs.

Basic services that were available before the influx are under severe strain thanks to the huge
increase in people within the area. In a number of the sites that have impulsively originated, water
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and sanitation facilities are limited or of poor quality, with extremely high density raising the threat
of massive diseases. The Rohingya population in Cox’s Bazar is in danger, having flood conflict
and faced severe trauma, and now living in severe bad conditions.

Population agitation in Cox’s Bazar remains highly fluid, with a growing internment camps in
Ukhia, where the government has allocated 3,000 acres for a replacement camp. People began to
arrive at the new, proposed site before infrastructure and services are often established. Crucially
there's limited access to the location and no roads through this site; this is often averting the event
of infrastructure with water and sanitation facilities. One certain resource is increasingly limited
to cooking fuel. Wood fuel collected from protected forest reserves is that the main source of
cooking fuel for refugees. The current of the flow of arriving is contributing to the lack of making
fuels in markets with its expensive prices, now reaching quite 60 percent of refugee households’
weekly costs. For fuel-affording, people are resorting to selling food and other assets. More and
more food, woodpile and other commodities are being imported from neighboring districts, as
local people are unable to meet the demands of the growing market. High prices of products and
transportation are increasing the pejorative impacts on the local population.

A. SERVICES FROM INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES

Mobilizing resources to support one among the world’s poorest and most densely populated
countries has proved challenging. The Government of Bangladesh is replying to the crisis in
partnership with national and global humanitarian and development agencies. Short and medium-
term solutions are needed to gain support to serve communities and families supporting refugees
and ameliorate the broader food and agriculture environment of impacted areas outside camps.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), with government partners,
civil society and other United Nations agencies, is working to meet early response needs and
contribute to longer-term solutions to the region’s endemic poverty. By building on successful
work with partners through the Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE) initiative, FAO is
addressing energy needs during this crisis to make resilience. The coordinated response is guided
by the Food Security cluster, co-led by FAO and the World Food Program (WFP). The Inter-
Sectoral Coordination Group, headed by the world organization for Migration (IOM),
coordinates ongoing humanitarian assistance. A collaborative project with WFP and IOM that
contributes to the Humanitarian Response Plan is planned for December 2017–2020.

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 B. CONCERNS FOR ROHINGYA CHILDREN

More than half are children, according to UNICEF. Children who have seen things that a child
should never witness. Children are losing their childhood. One out of every five Rohingya children
under the age of 5 is estimated to be malnourished on a serious point, requiring medical attention.
There is a very severe risk of outbreaks of water-borne diseases, diarrhea and quite conceivably
cholera in the longer-term.

About a third of those children are “severely” malnourished, meaning they are nine times more
likely to die than the children who are not malnourished, says a research conducted by Save the
youngsters , Action Contre La Faim, UNHCR, UNICEF, and WFP in last fortnight . Children are
significantly more vulnerable to infections and diseases like diarrhea and chest infections.

In addition, an outsized number of Rohingya children are arriving in Bangladesh already

malnourished. Then they're put during a situation where they need to believe food rations to
survive, where hygiene standards are poor, where clean beverage is tough to come by and much
of individuals are becoming sick as a result. Every day children arrive at health clinics in desperate
need of therapeutic food to stave off death. It is rare to ascertain this level of malnutrition among
children, even during a crisis like this, and even rarer to ascertain it affecting adults also.

The threat of cholera is like a "ticking bomb" for the hundreds of thousands of Rohingyas who
have flooded into Bangladesh in recent weeks, according to Red Cross. The International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) stated that there is every certain reason
to fear that the way Rohingya children is in a situation can lead to cholera outbreaks. They stated
the conditions are "difficult to describe" and "very heartbreaking".

UNICEF is providing clean water and toilets and has helped to vaccinate children against measles
and cholera, which can be deadly. The agency is seeking $76m under a $434m UN appeal for
Rohingya refugees for 6 months but is merely seven percent funded. UN agencies are still
demanding for entrance to northern Rakhine, where an unspecified number of Rohingya endure
despite UN reports that a lot of villages and food stocks are burned

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The call for the necessity for cover of all children in Rakhine state; this is often an absolute
fundamental requirement. The enormity against children and civilians must end.

C. NOTABLE DISEASES

1. One of the most important concerns is that the poor sanitation and lack of hygiene facilities
that have sparked growing fears over the emergence of cholera, which spreads through dirty
water and may kill if untreated.

2. The IFRC, which last month opened a military hospital near the camps, has treated numerous
patients for acute diarrhea.

3. At an equivalent time, the UN began a huge vaccination campaign during a bid to avoid a
cholera epidemic, but while no cases have appeared thus far, the IFRC warned for unhealthy
conditions that could spread the diseases.

4. Over 12,000 children join them hebdomadally, escaping from violence in Myanmar, often
traumatized by offenses they witnessed, it said during a report “Outcast and Desperate”.

D. FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM

Large families are the norm in camps where up to 19 children are available to some parents and
many Rohingya men have more than one wife. District birth control authorities have launched a
drive for contraception, but say they need been ready to distribute only 549 condom packets among
the refugees who are reluctant to use them. They have called on the government to approve a plan
to start.

Many of the refugees believed an outsized family would help them survive within the camps,
where access to food and water remains a daily battle and youngsters are often sent bent fetch and
carry supplies. Others are told contraception is against the tenets of Islam.
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Farhana Sultana, a birth control volunteer who works with Rohingya refugees within the camps,
said many of the ladies she spoke to believed contraception was a sin.

“In Rakhine they didn't attend birth control clinics, fearing the Myanmar authorities would give
medicine that might harm them and their children,” Sultana said. Volunteers struggled to sell the
contraception benefits to Rohingya women, most of whom came to them for guidance on
complications in pregnancy or help with newborns. Sabura, a mother of seven children, said she
believed in her husband.

“My husband said we'd like more children as we've land and property (in Rakhine). We don’t
need to worry to feed them,” she said. Pintu Kanti Bhattacharjee, who heads the vasectomy
within the district of Cox’s Bazar where the camps are based, said there was little awareness of
contraception among the Rohingya. “The whole community has been deliberately left behind,”
he said, citing a scarcity of education in Myanmar, where the Rohingya are viewed as illegal
immigrants and denied access to several services. Bangladesh has been running a successful
domestic sterilization program, giving handouts like 2,300 taka ($28) and a standard lungi
garment to every man who agrees to undergo the procedure. Every month 250 people undergo
sterilization within the border town of Cox’s Bazar.

IMPROVING REFUGEES’ MEDIUM-TERM

PROSPECTS

Returns to Myanmar should remain the long-term goal – not only to alleviate the deprivation
visited on Bangladesh and avoid consolidating what a UN investigation called ethnic cleansing,
but also because that's the preference of the refugees themselves. International pressure on
Myanmar through the UN and by countries having influence in Naypyitaw should still
concentrate on improving circumstances of Rohingya remaining in Rakhine State, a prerequisite
for any sustainable return. This pressure should include insistence on implementing the Kofi
Anan Commission recommendations of August 2017, especially its detailed suggestions on
addressing discrimination and ensuring freedom of movement and a reputable pathway to
restoring Rohingyas’ citizenship rights. it's only by demonstrably improving conditions in
Rakhine that any refugees would consider returning home.

At an equivalent time, Bangladesh should recognize – albeit it doesn't want to state

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this among public that no major repatriation is on the horizon. During this context, policies
that restrict the Rohingya refugees’ ability to organize for an uncertain future should
be eased. Allowing formal education within the camps may be a first priority, and there exist
local and international groups with the power and willingness to try to to so. Measures
to improve law and order would come with instituting a daily Bangladeshi police
presence within the camps, investigating crimes and bringing perpetrators to justice. Failure to
deal with these issues now will do significant long-term harm to the refugees, and potentially
fuel insecurity and instability during this a part of Bangladesh. Though a number of the burdens
to be borne by Bangladesh are unavoidable, donors can and will, at least, lessen the financial
impact on Dhaka. If the implications of the Rohingya refugee’s crisis for regional peace and
security are not to worsen, donor countries need to be generous in their support not only to the
annual humanitarian appeal but, if Dhaka’s restrictions are mitigated, also to longer-term
assistance to the refugees.

CONCERNS FOR BANGLADESH

As of 11 November 2017, the passport and immigration department of Bangladeshi government

has registered 482,877 people through biometric registration. The Local government and
Engineering Department (LGED) has completed 82% of 10 access roads in different camps areas.

The soldiers Division (AFD) has completed the primary stage (soil work) of 5.8KM of the 22KM
road (noted on the map in red) throughout the mega camp. they need also completed 515 meter of
brick work. The road is going to be constructed with bricks. the agricultural Electricity Board
(REB) has expanded 9KM of electrical line within the new mega camp area. they need also
installed 50 streetlights and 10 flood lights also as 33 solar lights. the newest arrivals have joined
many thousands of Rohingya refugees who fled in earlier waves from Myanmar’s Rakhine state,
where the stateless Muslim minority has endured decades of persecution. Most sleep-in desperate
conditions with limited access to food, sanitation or health facilities and native officials fear a
scarcity of birth control could stretch resources even further. In overcrowded Rohingya camps,
where nearly 1,000,000 refugees are fighting for space, Bangladesh is initiating voluntary
sterilization after efforts to encourage contraception which have failed.

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FACILITIES FROM GOVERNMENT OF BANGLADESH

One of the notable concerns for Bangladesh is that the shortage of food. Though it's certain food
storage for its own people, it might be difficult to feed additional 8 million people. Secondly, the
area, where the Rohingyas are sheltered, may be a tourist place and geographically carries
significant importance. because the Rohingyas are entering through the way of getting to St. Martin
Island of Bangladesh, the tourism business is nearly shut thanks to the cancellation of ship service
as per security concern. The environment of the Cox’s Bazar, moreover, is severely damaged by
the Rohingyas as there are insufficient sanitary latrines. Safe beverage and toilets are in
“desperately short supply” within the chaotic, teeming camps and settlements.

In addition to the present, the safety concern is in particular. because the national election of
Bangladesh is coming soon, the doorway of Rohingya would be a transparent threat to the state.
this is often not getting to be a short-term problem; it's not getting to end anytime soon. because
it is completely critical that the borders remain open which protection for youngsters is given and
equally that children born in Bangladesh have their birth registered.

CONCLUSION

The Rohingya refugees have turned to be an "unbearable burden" to Bangladesh. Solutions roll in
the hay (Myanmar) because the matter was created by the Myanmar government. Bangladesh
wants Rohingyas to require back to their own homeland. Most Rohingya have become
dispossessed in Myanmar and much of fled without papers adding of the newborns in Bangladesh:
"Without an identification they have no hope of ever being successfully assimilated into any
culture." How would they be taken back? UN should take initiatives to compel Myanmar to require
their citizens back and ensure safety and security. the entire process should be monitored by UN
officials.

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