6.

0 LATIN SQUARE DESIGN

(Updated Spring 2001)
So far:
• Independent t-test (one variable studied, 2 levels for variable)
• Paired t-test (one variable studied, 2 levels, blocking)
• One-Way ANOVA (one variable studied, > 2 levels)
• Two-Way ANOVA (2 variables blocking, > 2 levels for each variable)

3 Variables (4 levels each)

Source degree of freedom
Mean 1
variable 1 3
variable 2 3
variable 3 3
Resid 54
Total 64 = 4 • 4 • 4

2
Most of the information going into the estimation of S res
Can we get the “same information” with less tests?
YES!

Set up Square-Two-Way ANOVA

Introduce 3rd variable so as not to bias the results for the other two vari-
ables.

An example: Want to Study MPG

Variable 1st Level 2nd 3rd 4th

Car 1 2 3 4
Driver I II III IV
Fuel Additive A B C D

Car(j)

Driver (i) 1 2 3 4

I A 21 B 26 D 20 C 25
II D23 C 26 A 20 B 27
III B 15 D 13 C 16 A 16
IV C 17 A 15 B 20 D 20

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Note that each Fuel Additive appears exactly once in each row and column.
H0: µ 1 = µ 2 = µ 3 = µ 4 &
µ I = µ II = µ III = µ IV &
µ A = µB = µC = µD

Model Form:

y ijk = η + K i + D j + A k + ε ijk

Pred MPG only include significant terms ŷ ijk = η̂ + K̂ i

(If only car significant)

Means for each variable level

Cars Drivers Additives

1: =19 I:=23 A:=18
2: 20 II:24 B:22
3: 19 III:15 C:21
4: 22 IV:18 D:19
=
y = 20
Scars = (19-20)2 4 + (20-20)2 4 + (19-20)2 4+(22-20)2 4 =24

Source S. of S. DF MS F

Average 6400 1 6400

Cars 24 3 8 3.00
Drivers 216 3 72 27.00*
Additives 40 3 13.33 5.00*
Residuals 16 6 2.67
Total 6696 16

F3,6,.95 = 4.76 (* Significant F values)

Therefore, Drivers and Additives are significant.
Significant Differences between Driver & Additive Means.
No significant Differences between Cars.

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 2 2 2
σ y estimated by s res = 2.66 = s y
=
s y = 1.634 y estimate of η = 20

Reference Distn for Car, Driver, & Treatment Additive Means.

Calculate t for each mean & compare to t6
Each mean based on 4 observations

n 4 4 4 4
sy 0.817 0.817 0.817 0.817

ycar 19 20 19 22

tcar -1.22 0 -1.22 2.45

yDriver 23 24 15 18

tDriver 3.67 4.90 -6.12 -2.45

yAdditive 18 22 21 19

tAdditive -2.45 2.45 +1.22 -1.22

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

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 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-6 -4 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-4 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

20 20 20 20 3 3 3 3 –2 2 –1 1
20 20 20 20 4 4 4 4 –1 1 –2 2
ŷ= + +
20 20 20 20 –5 –5 –5 –5 2 –1 1 –2
20 20 20 20 –2 –2 –2 –2 1 –2 2 –1

21 25 22 24
23 25 22 26
=
17 14 16 13
19 16 20 17

Model Residuals, eijk = yijk - ŷ ijk

21 26 20 25 21 25 22 24 0 1 –2 1
23 26 20 27 23 25 22 26 0 1 –2 1
e= – =
15 13 16 16 17 14 16 13 –2 –1 0 3
17 15 20 20 19 16 20 17 –2 –1 0 3

Residual Plots
• Dot Diagram for all e’s
• Dot diagram for each level of Car
• Dot diagram for each level of Driver
• Dot diagram for each level of Fuel Additive
• e’s vs. ŷ

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• e’s vs. time
• For replicated data (y - Y cell) vs. Y cell
• Graeco-Latin Sqs. (4 variables)
• Hyper Graeco-Latin Sqs. (5 variables)

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