THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
Mariano Ponce
Philippine Condition in the 19th century
Several significant events and trends:
1. World trade and commercialization of
agriculture
2. Rise of wealthy class of mestizos and natives
3. Spread of education which produced
ilustrados
4. Secularization issue in the Catholic Church
5. Cavity mutiny and execution of the
GOMBURZA
 Opening of Philippine ports to world trade
during 1st half of century
 export demand of certain crops like
sugar, tobacco and abaca + entry of
foreign capital (stimulated local
agriculture) = Economic development
 Haciendas/ land estates – dedicated to the
cultivation of cash crops (sugar, rice, abaca) many
of which are owned by friar orders
 Inquilinos –are tenants who manage the lands
 Haciendero & inquilino families – mostly
Chinese mestizos and natives
 Galleon Trade  China-Manila-Acapulco trade
was abolished (1813)
 Educational reform of 1863 - opened
institutions of higher learning
SECULARIZATION
 Movement demanding for equality of
treatment between Filipino secular priests
and Spanish regular clergy and turnover of
administration of local parishes to the hands
of Filipino priests
 Lead by Fr Pedro Pelaez and Fr. Pedro
Burgos
 The 3 priests (GOMBURZA) that were
executed:
1. Mariano Gomez
2. Jose Burgos
3. Jacinto Zamora
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 Was a Filipino-led campaign for reform and
assimilation
 Main organizers:
1. Jose Rizal
2. Marcelo H. del Pilar
3.
4. Graciano Lopez Jaena
5. Jose Maria Panganiban
6. Antonio Luna
 Most important legacy: emergence of a Filipino
National Consciousness
 It failed due to the ff reasons:
1) Turbulent politics in Spain
2) Influence of the friar orders
3) Insufficiency of funds to sustain the movement
4) Internal disputes among Filipino leaders
 One of its Primary objectives: destroy the power
and prestige of the friar class
LA SOLIDARIDAD/ SOL (est. 1889)
 Official Mouthpiece of the Propaganda movement
 The voice of the Filipino in Spain
 Organized in BARCELONA by GRACIANO LOPEZ
JAENA (1st editor)
 When it moved to MADRID , Marcelo H. del Pilar
became its editor in chief
 Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce was the moving force
being the newspaper
 Published reports and scholarly works about the
Philippines, polemical articles and essays on
European politics
 Through Sol Filipinos publicized their cause and
rallied support from Spanish public
 Was also smuggled to the Philippines via HONG
KONG by JOSE MA. BASA
 PEN NAMES :
 Dimasalang & Laong Laan – Jose Rizal
 Plaridel – Marcelo H. del Pilar
 Taga-Ilog – Antonio Luna
 Naning, Kalipulako, & Tikbalang – Mariano
Ponce
 Ferdinand Blumentritt – Austrian scholar who
was a major contributor to the newspaper
 1895 – Sol was forced to close up due to
insufficiency of funds
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
 Born on December 29, 1856 in Jaro, Iloilo
 Educated at seminary of Jaro
 Fray Botod – satirical piece which depicted
abuse of friars
 Left for Spain to study medicine in 1880 but
did not finish
 Gained fame as an ORATOR
 Astute critic of Spanish colonial government
and its policies
  His command of the Spanish language  Republished Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las
impressed Spaniards Islas Filipinas with his annotations
 1st editor of La Solidaridad (1889) when it was  Essays:
established in Barcelona a) Sobre la indolencia de los Filipinos (On the
 Died: January 20, 1896 in Barcelona Spain indolence of the Filipinos)
b) Filipinas dentro de cien anos ( The
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
Philippines, a Century Hence)
 Born on August 30, 1850 in barrio of Kupang  El Filibusterismo (The submersive)
town of Bulakan, Bulacan  2nd novel
 Lawyer and propagandist par excellence  La Liga Filipina (The Filipino Leagu e)
 Law degree from University of Santo Tomas  July 3, 1892
 Concerned with igniting the patriotic  Society exclusive for Filipinos
sentiments of his countrymen and attacking  Exiled to Dapitan, Zamboanga lasted for 4
the abuses of friars by going around the years
provinces and speak in public places  Dec 30, 1896 –was executed in Bagumbayan,
 Caiigat Kayo (Be as slippery as eel) Manila (Luneta Park)
 defended Rizal’s Noli me tangere
 Dasalan at tocsohan
 mock prayer book which criticized friars
 Diariong Tagalog (1882)
 first bilingual newspaper in Spanish and
Tagalog
 In 1888, he escaped to Spain to prevent his
arrest due to subversive activities
 In 1889, La Soberania monacal en Filipinas
Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines and
La Frailocracia Filipina was published
 Analyzed and denounced friar influence
over the colony
 Became the editor of Sol, and officer of the
Hispano-Filipino Association and high-
ranking mason
 Died on July 4, 1896 due to Tuberculosis
JOSE RIZAL
 Born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna
 Educated by Jesuits at Ateneo Municipal de
Manila and studied at University of Santo
Tomas
 1882, he went to Spain and finished medical
studies
 Joined the reform movement as its celebrated
intellectual leader and moral guide
 Noli me Tangere (touch me not)
 1st novel Published in 1887 in Berlin,
Germany with financial help from
MAXIMO VIOLA
 Written in Spanish language
 Exposes social ills afflicting colonial
Philippines,