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1
Aswathy.M, 2Hemapriya
1,2
Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BIST,
Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Bharath University, Chennai.
1
aswathym026@gmail.com
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
Calculation
Pn=Po +nx+(n+1)/2
INCREASE INCREMENTA
YEAR POPULATIO POPULATIO L INCREASE IN
N N POPULATION
1100
2017
1350 250
2018
1500 150 100
2019
The following point should be kept in mind while
P2047 = P2017 giving layout of any sewage treatment plant:
= 1100+250+150 ● All the plant should be located in the order of
= 1500 sequence, so that sewage from one process should
The population of ruby grand in 2047 is above 1500 directly go to other process.
peoples. As per census March 2017. ● If possible all the plant should be located at such
The water supply rate is calculated by TWAD is elevation that sewage can flow from one plant into
based on population. In Future it may be increased up next under its force of gravity only.
to 53LPCD. ● All the treatment units should be arranged in such a
The quantity of water supplied (assume) = 53LPCD way that minimum area is required it will also
in 2047 ensure economy in its cost.
Population in the area = 1500 ● Sufficient area should be occupied for future
Rate of water supplied = 53 x1500 extension.
= 79.500KLD ● Staff quarter and office also should be provided
As per cpheeo, the 80-85% quantity of water turns as near the treatment plant, so that operators can
sewage watch the plant easily.
= 79.50x103x103x80/100 ● The site of treatment plant should be very neat and
= 63.6KLD give very good appearance.
The quantity of water turns as sewage is 63.6KLD.
The peak flow rate of sewage is, 3.2 Design considerations
Peak factor = 3
Peak Flow = 3X63.6KLD Following points are considered during the design of
=191KLD sewage treatment unit:
Layout of Treatment Plant: ● The design period should be taken between 25 to
30 years.
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
The type of storage tank used here is circular. A detritus tank (or square tank degritter) is a constant-
The peak flow of sewage is 191 KLD. level, short-detention settling tank. These tanks require
The Volume of the storage tank is calculated below, a grit-washing step to remove organic material. One
Volume = capacity/cubic metre design option includes a grit auger and a rake that
= 191X103/103 removes and classifies grit from the grit sump[10-15].
= 190cu.m
The volume of the rectangular storage tank is 190 4.5 Design Criteria
m3/days .
Since volume of the tank is large the tanks are Detritus tanks are designed to keep horizontal velocity
divided into 3 tanks. and turbulence at a minimum while maintaining a
Volume = 190 detention time of 3 to 4minutes.Proper operation of a
= 190/3=63.33 detritus tank depends on well-distributed flow into the
Volume = 64 settling basin. Allowances are made for inlet and outlet
Hence provide 3 tank having volume of 64 turbulence as well as short circuiting by applying a
From IS 3370 part-4, the depth of the storage tank is to safety factor of 2.0 to the calculated overflow rate[17-
be 2m -4m. 20].
Assume depth of the circular tank = 4m
In the circular storage tank the water is only stored for
12hrs.Therefore, the volume of the storage tank is
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
The velocity of sewage flow to the grit chamber is There are two basic types of sedimentation tank
0.2m/sec to 0.3m/sec.Now assuming the velocity of designs: the rectangular and circular designs. The
flow is 0.2m/sec. In this tank the detention time is large rectangular tank is designed with an effluent inlet at
when compared to grit chamber[21-24]. one end of the tank and an outlet pipe for liquids that
Detention time is 3 to 4 minutes. Assuming the have passed through the sedimentation process at the
detention time is 3 minutes. Since the average flow is 3 other end of the tank. The rectangular tank relies on the
times the peak flow .Hence provide 3 detritus tank[13]. large solid particles settling as they pass slowly through
Average flow q = 0.138 the tank. By the time the liquid reaches the outlet pipe
The length of the detritus tank is calculated by the larger particles have settled to the bottom of the
Length = velocity Detention time tank. Circular tanks are designed differently, with an
= 0.2x3x60 inlet pipe at the bottom of the tank positioned close to a
L = 36m sludge removal pipe. The removal pipes for cleaner
Cross sectional area required liquids are located close to the surface of the tank[29-
= discharge/velocity 30].
= 0.138/0.2
A = 0.70m2 5.3 Design of Rectangular Sedimentation Tank
The overall depth of the detritus tank varies from 2.5m
to 3.5m The quantity of sewage entering to the sedimentation
Assuming the depth of the tank is 3m tank is 0.348 /sec.
Width, B = area/depth Detention period = 2 t0 4hrs (usually 2hours).Flowing
= 0.70/3 through velocity should not be more than 0.3m/min.
= 0.233m Capacity of the tank = sewage flow Detention period
Say B = 0.25m = 0.370x2x60x60
Hence use 3 detritus tank of size 36m 0.25m = 2670cu.m
3m.one is kept in reserve. Since the capacity of the tank require is larger.
At the top a free board of 0.3m may be provided Therefore the capacity is divided into 3 tanks.
and the bottom a dead space depth of 0.45m for Capacity of the tank = 2670/3=890
collection of detritus may be provided. cu.m
Therefore the overall depth of the tank = Length of the tank = velocity of flow Detention time
3+0.3+0.45=3.75m = 0.2x2x 60
Tank will be 0.3m wide up to 3.3m depth and the sides = 24
will slope down to form an elongated trough of 36m L = 24/3=8m
length and 0.15m width at the bottom with rounded Cross sectional area = Capacity /Length
corners. = 833.33/24
A = 37.08
5. Primary Treatment The depth of the sedimentation tank ranges between
2.4m to 3.6m.Assuming the depth of the tank is 3m.
Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the Width = area/depth
sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can = 34.72/3
settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids = 12.57m
float to the surface. The settled and floating materials Freeboard =0.5m.Overall depth of the tank is 3.5m.
are removed and the remaining liquid may be Hence provide 3 rectangular sedimentation tank of size
discharged or subjected to secondary treatment [25-28]. 24m x12.57mx3.5m.Three
tanks are kept in working condition and one is for
5.1 Sedimentation Tank reserve.
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
most cases, secondary treatment follows primary 5.7 Design of sedimentation tank
treatment[14].
Data:
5.5 Introduction Of Sludge Capacity = 10x103 litres
Size of tank = 8x12.57x35
In the context of wastewater treatment residual is used Free board = 0.
to refer “sludge”. The term sludge refers to the solids
that are settled and separated during wastewater
treatment. It is necessary to treat properly or dispose
the sludge generated during the various stages of
wastewater treatment like primary sedimentation,
secondary sedimentation and sludge generated from Figure 1. Design of STP using Auto Cadd
advanced (tertiary) treatment, if any. The quantity of
sludge generated depends upon the degree of treatment 6. Conclusion
or quality of treated effluent required i.e., higher the
degree of wastewater treatment, the larger the quantity Therefore the project that we took in RUBY GRAND
of sludge to be treated and handled. Because of strict ABOUT THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
rules and regulations involving the handling and relating the design and analysis has been successfully
disposal of sludge, it has become necessary to reduce carried out and completed with the requiring details and
the volume of sludge in order to reduce the operating informations that is related and hence the process,
costs (approximately 50% of the plant cost) of nature, requirements, sample and tests which has been
treatment plants[15]. Hence a properly designed and in accordance to the project has been conducted by our
efficiently operated sludge processing and disposal team and under.
system is essential to the overall success of the
wastewater treatment plant. The sludge generated References
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