Assignments on the Internal Factors of the Abbasid Caliphate

Nur Amani binti Zainuddin (1324242)

Nurul Ain Farhana binti Mohd Rizduan (1324352)

Mahfuzhah Dhiyana binti Zulkifli (1323116)

Siti Muslimah binti Mohd Zain (1310902)

Nor ‘Afifah binti Ab. Rahman (1326878)

The Abbasid Caliphate (PSCI 3011)

(Section 1)

Dr. Aldila binti Isahak

Semester 2, 2015/2016

International Islamic University Malaysia

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1 Most prominent caliphs by Nur Amani binti Zainuddin (1324242) 3-9

2 Political conflicts and Political Alliances by Nurul Ain Farhana binti 10- 15

Mohd Rizduan (1324352)

3 Scholars by Mahfuzhah Dhiyana binti Zulkifli (1323116) 16 - 19

4 Madhhab by Siti Muslimah binti Mohd Zain (1310902) 19 p 22

5 Learning centres by Nor ‘Afifah Binti Ab. Rahman (1326878) 22- 28

6 Questions or Comments 28 - 29

7 References 29 - 31
 Caliphs

Introduction

Abbasid caliphate was a dynasty existed in 750 – 1258 CE as the results of what had

happened in the period of the Umayyad caliphate which based in Damascus, Syria. Policies

implemented during that period were very much suppressing the people especially the non-

Arabs known as the Mawali. Assabiyah or Arab superiority became dominant that they

conquered the administration and the whole system of the Umayyad caliphate. People has been

treated badly, mostly the Persians and the new Muslim members were considered as the

second-class citizen.

On top of that, the Arabs during that period make known on the concept of a dynasty

by applying the concept of hereditary to be the ruler. Those implementations led to anger

among the people and obviously among the Persians and those people living nearer the area

where the Umayyad caliphate is based, as well as the Shiites. The Shiites’ followers they

believed that a ruler should have lineage with or descend of the Prophet Muhammad since they
were very much into supporting Ali, Prophet’s son-in-law. What they did was to make coalition

under the name of Abbasids and rebel against the dynasty.

These led to when the first caliph of the Abbasids was selected. The shedding point of

the Abbasid Caliphate specifically within the 100 years (750 – 850) it existed was when the

family of Caliph Harun Ar-Rasyid came to power, his contributions and his successors, his two

sons, al-Ma’mun and also al-Mu’tasim. This paper will focus on the Abbasid Caliphate within

100 years of its existence and this section will highlight on the most prominent caliphs of the

Abbasid Caliphate.