Hydraulics Water Flow in Pipes

Problems
1.
In the shown figure below, the smaller tank is 50m in diameter. Find the
flow rate, Q. Assume laminar flow and neglect minor losses.
Take μ = 1.2 × 10−3 kg/m. s ρ = 788 kg/m3
Solution 1
64
For laminar f =
Re

ρ V D 788 × 2 × 10−3 × V
Re = =
μ 1.2 × 10−3
→ R e = 1313.33 V (substitute in f) 2
64 64 0.0487
f= = = ≫ (1)
R e 1313.33 V V

Now by applying Bernoulli’s

equation from the free surface of
upper to lower reservoir
(Points 1 and 2).
P1 v12 P2 v22
+ + z1 = + + z2 + ∑ hL
ρg 2g ρg 2g
P1 = P2 = V1 = V2 = 0.0
Assume the datum at point (2) →
0 + 0 + (0.4 + 0.6) = 0 + 0 + 0 + ∑ hL → ∑ hL = 1m

∑ hL = 1m = hf in the pipe that transport fluid from reservoir 1 to 2

L V2
hf = f ( ) ( ) L = (0.4 + 0.8) = 1.2m , D = 0.002m
D 2g
1.2 V2
1 = f( )( ) ≫ 2 → Substitute from (1)in (2) →
0.002 19.62
0.0487 1.2 V2
1= ×( )( ) → V = 0.671 m/s
V 0.002 19.62
π
Q = A × V = × 0.0022 × 0.671 = 2.1 × 10−6 m3 /s✓.
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Page (6) Dr.Khalil Al-astal Eng. Ahmed Al-Agha Eng. Ruba Awad
Hydraulics Water Flow in Pipes

2.
A uniform pipeline, 5000m long, 200mm in diameter and roughness size of
0.03mm, conveys water at 20℃ (ν = 1.003 × 10−6 m2 /s) between two
reservoirs as shown in the figure. The difference in water level between the
reservoirs is 50m. Include all minor losses in your calculations, determine
the discharge.
Note: the valve produces a head loss of (10 V 2 /2𝑔) and the entrance to and
exit from the pipe are sharp.
1

Solution
Applying Bernoulli’s equation between the two reservoirs
P1 v12 P2 v22
+ + z1 = + + z2 + ∑ hL
ρg 2g ρg 2g
P1 = P2 = V1 = V2 = 0.0
Assume the datum at lower reservoir (point 2) →
0 + 0 + 50 = 0 + 0 + 0 + ∑ hL → ∑ hL = 50m

∑ hL = hf + hm = 50

Major Losses:
L V2 5000 V2
hf = f ( ) ( ) = hf = f × ( )( ) = 1274.21 f V 2
D 2g 0.2 19.62
Minor losses:
For Entrance:
V2
hent = K entr (For sharp edge entrance, the value ofK entr = 0.5) →
2g

Page (7) Dr.Khalil Al-astal Eng. Ahmed Al-Agha Eng. Ruba Awad