Name: John Lawrence M Manondo Teacher: Sir Mark Leonard Aguitez

Grade and Section: 9 Genesis Subject: Science 9

*How heat is converted to work?

-Heat is converted into work by using a hear engine an example of this is a

steam engine or a car engine. Real heat engines are complex and there are
many ways of converting heat energy into useful work. We can abstract
and generalise the workings of any heat engine into three parts:

The Hot Resevoir - heat energy is created by some process such as

combustion of a fuel to provide the heat energy.

The working body - converts the heat energy into work. In real heat
engines, the conversion process is never 100% efficient, so the work
output is always less than the heat energy supplied. However we frequently idealise and assume
reversibility.

The cold resevoir - the energy that cannot be turned into work is dumped and goes to heat up the
cold resevoir. In practice, the cold resevoir is usually the atmosphere. We also assume that the
temperature of the cold resevoir does not increase, it has an infinite heat capacity.

*How is work related to heat?

-Heat and work are two different ways of transferring energy from
one system to another. The the distinction between Heat and Work
is important in the field of thermodynamics. Heat is the transfer of
thermal energy between systems, while work is the transfer of
mechanical energy between two systems.
*How does heat flows from colder temperature to higher
temperature?

Conduction occurs when two object at different temperatures are

in contact with each other. Heat flows from the warmer to the
cooler object until they are both at the same temperature.
Conduction is the movement of heat through a substance by the
collision of molecules.

The transfer of heat goes from the hot object to the cold object. The cold object gets colder and
the hot object gets hotter, but energy is conserved.

* What are the function of heat pump and heat engines in reversing the flow of energy?

-A heat pump is a device that pulls the energy out of air for the purpose of either heating or
cooling a space. This process is known as space conditioning. Heat pumps operate as a heat
engine in reverse, as they do work from an input of electricity to push heat from a cold place to a
warm place.

The Stirling cycle heat engine can be driven in reverse, using a mechanical energy input to drive
heat transfer in a reversed direction (i.e. a heat pump, or refrigerator). There are several design
configurations for such devices that can be built.

* What environmental implication brought about by heat pump and heat engine?

-Noise Pollution

One thing that prevents people from opting for high-

efficiency heat pumps is the fact they tend to create some
noise. If you live in an urban or suburban area with strict
noise codes, this could be a problem. Even traditional air
conditioning units can create an issue in neighborhoods
with strict noise codes.

If you’re concerned about noise pollution, ductless heat

pumps can provide the same energy efficiency and heating
or cooling without any of the extra noise. These have a much smaller footprint than traditional
heat pumps as well, making them easier to install in even the smallest spaces.

-Refrigerant Leaks

All heat pumps and air conditioning units contain some form of
refrigerant. It works better than water or other liquids for heat
exchange, but the refrigerant itself can have an environmental
impact if released into the atmosphere. While it isn’t as bad as when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
were the basis for this refrigerant, it is still 1,900 times worse for the environment when released
than equal amounts of CO2.

While heat pumps are designed to prevent this sort of leak, older units can develop leaks over
time. Refrigerant leaks also lower the efficiency of the heat pump, causing it to use more
electricity to cool or heat your home. The best way to avoid this problem is to have your heat
pump serviced regularly to ensure all the parts are in working order and there are no refrigerant
leaks. An annual or biannual service can catch a lot of small problems before they become big
ones.

- Energy Efficiency

This is something that is important for all your

appliances, not just your heat pump. The goal is to have
the most energy-efficient appliances in your home, and
that includes all parts of your HVAC system. Older units
require more energy to cool or heat your home.

Look for the Energy Star rating on your appliances,

including your heat pump. These appliances are certified
by the FDA to help save you at least 15 percent on your energy bill — sometimes even more.
Even your windows might come with an Energy Star rating. Single pane windows, which were
standard equipment in older homes, don’t contain hot or cold air the same way windows with
two or three panes can.

-CO2 Exhaust

Most modern heat pumps run on electricity, so they

generate less CO2 than heating methods that use oil, natural
gas or pellets as fuel. If your home still has an older heat
pump that uses these fuel types, switching to a more
modern model that uses electricity can help reduce your
home’s carbon footprint and make your house a little bit
greener overall.

This CO2 exhaust can be offset even further by powering your home or even just your heat pump
with solar or wind power. However, there will be days where solar or wind power is lacking, and
you end up using the local power grid to heat or cool your home.

The carbon footprint of your heat pump will be higher when it is under more strain, during the
hottest months of summer or the coldest months of winter. However, that footprint will be
significantly less with a modern heat pump that uses electricity as its fuel.
A functioning heat pump is an essential part of your home’s HVAC system. A modern one, or
one that is well maintained, can help reduce your energy costs, improve your home’s carbon
footprint and help keep your house more comfortable during the warm summer or cold winter
months. If you have an old heat pump, it’s a good idea to have it serviced regularly or even
replace it to ensure it’s working within acceptable parameters and hasn’t developed any leaks.

Pay attention to your heat pump. It will save you plenty of money in the long run, and if you’re
concerned about your home’s carbon footprint, an upgraded heat pump will reduce your
environmental impact and ensure your house remains comfortable for years to come.