Name:

Stanwell School Physics Department

`
1p~~`'~~R 4~
'~v'~:n"~":~
.Cp. Phl Past Paper Questions

Ph ~ .1-1.3: Motion and Energy

Subject
page Ques~~on Done Mark Comments
Area
1 1

2 2

4 3

6 4

7 5
Forces and
K~nemat~cs 10 6

12 7

15 8

17 9

19 10

21 ~1

23 12

Statics 24 13

26 14

28 15

30 16
Energy
32 17

34 18
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tities.
1. (a) (i) State the difference between vector and scalar quan

~1~

umn in the table below. [2] I~

(ii) Place the following quantities in the correct col

time velocity temperature force density

distance

Vector Scalar

rope tied to the boat's bow.

(b) A boat is pulled along a cz.nal by a horse using a
line of the canal as shown.
The rope makes an angle c•f 25° with the centre
force
(i) Calculate the forward component of the
the
pulling the boat along the canal given that
[2]
tension in the rope is 1600 N.

......
............................................................................................................
rope,
(ii) Ignoring the effect of the mass of the
a
explain whether it is better to use a long rope or
[2]
short rope to pull the boat.
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led acr oss a lev el sno wfi eld by a for ce F as shown. To keep the sledge
'a A heavy sledge is pul
ing at con sta nt veloci ty a hor izo nta l for ce component of 200N ~s ~•equired.
' mov

(cr) Calculate the force F needed to produce

F a horizontal component of 200 N on the
sledge. [2J

i
~ `~ 4f)~,_____~.700N
___~__

e ai~c ~ use this d.e ~ni tio n to exp lai n why no work is done in the
(h) (i) Define ~vnt~k don [3~
vertical direction.

....... ........................................................................................
.........................................................................................................

ute s to pul l the sle dge a dis tance of 2.0 km across level ground. ~
{ii) ~t takes 30 min
Calculate
[2]
(I} the woz k dote,

............................ .............................................................
..................................................................................................
[?]
(I.I} the mean power needed.

....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .........................................................................................
.......

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the for ce F cal culate d in (a ) is no w app lie d horizoiztally as shown. Calculate

(c.) Assume
accele rat ion of the sle dge giv en tha t its mas s is 40.0 kg and assuming that the
the initial C3~
frictional for ce sta ys the sam e.

a
N O
n ~

Turn over.

3
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balloon that is moving upwards.

A stone is released from the basket of a hot-air it is
vel oci ty-ti nge gra ph des cri bes the vert ical motion of the stone from the moment
The
the tim e it lan ds on the gro und at 3.2 s. Ignore air resistance throughout this
released to
question.
velocity / ms-~
F...~-,- - .. yam.
10 ~` ~_.

C1

~!~

—20

—30

n its signific ance. [2]

(a) Calculate the gradient of the graph and explai
.............. .................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
............................ ...................................................................................
.........................................................................................................

ascending at the moment the stone was

(b) State the velocity at which the balloon was [1]
released.

....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .........................................................................................
............................
n 0.0 s and 0.8 s. [3]
(c) Describe the mot ion of the sto ne bet wee
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~d) (i) Shade the part of the graph which represents the height o#' the stone above the
ground at the moment of release. [1

~11} Hence, or otherwise, calculate the height of the stone above the ground at the
moment of release. [2]

(e) The balloon is also moving horizontally at a steady velocity when the shone is released.
State whether the stone will land on the ground behind, directly beneath or ~n Front of
the moving basket. Explain your answer. [3]

c~s2i-oi~ Turn over.

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4. Two boys st~.nd each end of a trolley as shown. The tz•olley is initially at rest and can move
without resistance on a horizontal surface.

Gareth Nigel

(u) (~} Define acceleration. [1]

(ii) Gareth takes 0.84 s to throw a tall .from rest to a speed o~ 6.0 ~n s-~~. Calculate the
acceleration of the Uall. [2]

(b) Describe and explain in terms of forces, the motion of the trolley from the instant the
ball is released by Gareth until after i~ is caught by Nigel. [4]

Turn over.
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••
T11e force due to ai.r resistance Fill.,t exexted nn a skydiver due to her. notion through the azr ~s
given by

pD v-
F~»~ ~' 2

whez•e p is the density of az~, v is the speed of the skydiver and D is a constant called the drab;
factor.

(cr) S~iow that the S~ unit of D is metre2. C4~

(b) T`l~e diagram shows two o~ the main forces actiing on the skydiver duaring her descent.

(i) Newton's third law concerns pairs of forces. St~~e the law. [1]

{ii) Give one season why the forces in the diagram are not a pair of Newton 3~~ law
forces. ~1]

(i~ WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-0!) Turn aver.

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(c.~) Tl~e table gives data for. the fi~•st 16.E seconds of tl~e jump.

Time / s U.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.E 12.0 14.0 16.0
Acceler~tiu~l / m s-2 9.8 8.8 6.6 4.3 2.5 1.4 0.8 0.4 0.2

(i) The mass of the skydiver is 6U kg. Calculate her weigl~.t. [1]

(ii) Using your answei to (c)(i) and the information in the table, calculate the force
due to air. resistance acting oi~ the skyc~ivet• at t = 10.0 s. [3]

(c~) (i) Draw a g~•aph of acccic~•~tion (y-axis) against time (.~--axis} for the skydiver. [3]

~c'~ WJEC'CBAC Ltd. (133]-OI)

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(ii} Use your graph to estimate the velocity of the skydiver at t = i0.0 s. [2]

(iii) Using your answers to (c){ii}, (c~)(ii) aild the equation given at the start ofthe
question, calculate a value for the drag factor, D. Assume p = 1.2 kg m3 [2]

<'~ WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01)

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The following graph gives data t~.ken from the `Highway Code'for `Think~n~;' and `Braking'
distances for a car. when stopping. Thinking distance is the distance a car travels between the
driver seeing air incident and beginning to apply the brakes. Braking distance is the distance a
car travels while it is decelerating.

Braking
dis~~.nce

Thinking
distance

v
~~ 20 3d
Initial speed/ms-1

~~~ The graph of braking distance against speed is curved. Use information from the graph
to test whether braking distance is proportional to (initial speed)2. [3]

(b) (i) Calculate the mean deceleration of a car as it slows down from 15 m s-~ to zest. [3]

(1321-01)

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(ii) Hence calculate the mean braking force acting nn the car given that it has a mass
of 800 kg. [l~

(c) Suggest why the graph of thinking distance against speed is a straight lime. ('j ~

(d) {i} W1~at is the total stopping distance fog- a car initially tra~e~ling at 30 m s-~-~? [1

iii) Ineffective brakes would increase the dotal stopping distance. Explain, in terms of
tl~iilking distance and braking distance why this would be the case. [2]

(e) `Average speed areas' are now found on many motorways. brie SL1C~1 StretCll Of I110tOTW~.y
has a speed limit of 50km/hour. The average speed is monitored between two cameras
placed 10km apart. The driver of a car notes that he has travelled 6.0km from the first
camera at ~, speed of 80km/hour. Determine the sped with which he has to travel the
remaining 4.0 km in order that his average speed for the whole 10km is 50km/hour. [4~

(1321-0])

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`~`~ (a) A velocity-time graph is given for a body which is accelerating in a straight line.

velocity

~~

time
d t

(i) Using the symbols given on the graph, write down an expression for the gradient
[2]
and state what it represents.
.....
...................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Using the symbols given on the graph, write down an expression for the area
unde.~• the graph and state what it rep~•esents. [2]

(iii) Hence or otherwise show clearly that, using the usual symbols,

~2~
Jl Gf t ~' ~ Cll'2

(1321-01)
 0
Examiner
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m ~ for 12.0 s.
(b) A cyclist accele~•a~es from rest with a constant acceleration of 4.50 s
Calculate
[2]
(i} the distance travelled in this time;

[?]
{ll~ the maximum. velocity attained.

with constant
(c~ After 12.0 s, the cyclist stops pedalling and `freewheels' to a standstill
deceleration over a distance of 120m.
[2]
(i) Calculate ~:he time takesl fo.~ the cyclist to decelerate to a stand-sti11.

[2]
{ii) Calculate the magnitude of the cyclist's deceleration.

................................
........................................................................................................................................................................

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(d) D~~aw a~z acceleration-tijzle graph on the grid below fot- the whole of the cyclist's
journey. ~4]

(c~~ .In reality the cyclist would not slow dow~1 with constant deceleratio~l. This is because
the total resistive fo~•ce acti~lg on the cyclist consists of~ a constant frictional force of
8.0 N and an air- resistance ford which is proportional to the square of the cyclist's
velocity.

(i) When the cyclist. was tr~veiiing with maximum veluci~y, the total resistive force
acting was 165 N. Calculate the #orce off' ai~~ resistance at this velocity. [(]

(ii) Hence calculate the total. resistive force actiil~ when the cyclist is moving at half
E~1~ 111~X11"21Ui1~ VEIOCII:y. ~2]

(1331 -(311

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gThe diagram shows a toy train track. One complete lap is 6.0 m.

described by the following

(a~ A toy train takes S.0 s to cainplete one lap. Its motion is
distance-time graph.

6.0
Distance/m

4.0

2.0

~..
0.0 -~ 8.0
0.4 2.0 4.0 C.[}
Time/s
3.0 s. Explain your. ailswe~-.
(i) Desca-il~e tl~e motion of the train in the region 1.0 s tc~
~~~

[1
(ii} Determine the meal speed of the train over the lap.

[2]
(iii} Determine the s~~eed of the trai~~ ~~t t = 6.0 s.

~~, W.IFC C~3AC Ltd. (1321-U1)

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Explain, 111a~111~
(iv) Thy gradient of the graph is very large between 7.0 s and 8.0 s.
possible for. the
reference to the motion. of. the train, whether. or not it would be
graph to be

(I) vertical;

(II) horizontal.

(h) Whilst playing with the trai~~. track a Physics student states:
over one eon~~lete lap is always
"No matte° lrowfast I make the t~^cr.in go, the ~n~cin vc~loeity
going tv he Derv."
[?)
Explain wheti~er the above statement is correct.

~~
N o
... p

c~ a?~-u~7
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t~ The astronauts o~ Apollo 14 played golf on t11e Moon. They struck a number of shots such as
the oile shown blow.

lb m. s-~
..- ~~

.~
40°

(n) (i) Calculate the horizontal anal vertical components of velocity of the golf ball at the
instant it was struck. [2]

(ii) Describe the essential ~iffei•ence between the horizontal and vertical components
of velocity during the flight of the ball [1]

('~ WJGC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01)

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(b) Tlie acceleration due to gravity o11 the Moon is 1.6 m s"2. ASSU111111~ t~1e SI'~O~ 15 jJ1~.y~Ct 011
horizontal. ground, calculate

(i) the total time of flight, [3]

(ii) the horizontal distance the ball travels, [1]

(iii) the maximum height ie~chea. [2]

(c) A similar golf shot zs played on Earth. Give two .reasons why your answer to (b)(iii)
would be different. [2]

1. ....................................................................................................................................................................................

2. ...................................................................................................................................................................................

~~~ WJEC C:BAC Ltd. (1321-01) Turn over.

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(cr) A circus performer standing on a tightrope 10.0 In above the ground throws a ba11
vertically upwards at a speed of 6.0 m s-1. The ball leaves his hand 1.0 m above the
tightrope as shown. The diagram is not to stole.

(r} Calculate the maximL~m height above the ~r~und that the ball reaches. [3]

(ii) The performer. fails ~o catch the ball as it drops. Calculate:

(~) the speed with which the ball hits the ground; [2J

(II) the total time the Uall is in the air. L=~~

:a wJFC c~nc c.~d. (~3z~-oil

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shown i~l twu
(b) Another ball is thrown into the air and follows the path shown. The ball is
places, A and B.

(i} Assuming the force of air resistance is negligible, circle one of the following
A.
drawings that shows the direction of the resultant force on the ball when it is at
[2]
.Explain your. answer.

{ii) Assuming the force of air resistance cannot be neglected, sketch a diagram below
to show the forces acting on the ball as it falls towards the ground in position B as
shown in the above diagram. [2]

Turn over.

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( (a) :Define:

{i) mean speed; [~~

(ii) mean velocity.

(h~ Robot vacuum cleaners can clean carpets automatically. When sensors on the cleaner
detect the presence of nearby objects the cleaner changes d~rectian, thus avoiding
collision. The diagram shows ~h~ path of such a cleaner inside a living; room.

~ 3.5 m ~

2.5 n~

:Robot vacuuXn A
cleaner

The vacuum cleaner follows tl~e path AB and then BC. The whole journey ABA takes
25 s. Calculate

(i} the cleaner's average speed,

iii) the magnitude of the cleaner's average velocity.

f 1321-01)

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(c~ The manufacturer of a robot vacuum cleaner provides the following technical
information:

Battery hype: 15.0 V Ni-MH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) re-chargeable.

Battery capacity: 2.5 Amp-hours (this means the battery is able to supply 2.5 A for
1 hour, or 1.25 A for 2 hours ~.nd so on}.
Power when in use: 30 watts.

(i) Calculate the total energy stored in the battery. [:~_~

(ii) Hence calculate the time, in hours, that t~~e battery can be used before
recharging. [2]

(d) (i) A resistive force, F, acts on the cleaner in the opposite direction to t11e direction
of motion of tihe cleaner. Starting from the definition of power, show that for the
cleaner to move at a steady speed v, the ~necllan~cal power needed is Fv. [2~

(ii) Calculate F, given that the mechanical power is 9W.

(1321-EII) Turn over.

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[2]
~ ~ ~u) St~~te the conditions necessary for a body to remain in equilibrium.

rm metal bar
(b) The owner of ahigh-street butcher shop hangs joints of meat from a unifo
shop's ceiling by
as shown. The bar is 3.0 m long, weighs 20 N and is connected to the
two light chains, A and B.

Chain A Chain B
1.75m
D

M
O

0.85m
a
N
M

centre
(i} On the diagram, show the weight of the bar as an arrow acting through the
[1]
of gravity and label it 20 N.
[4]
{ii) Taking moments about point P,calculate the tension in chain A.
..................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
..................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
..................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Hence calculate the tension in chain B. [~J

..........................................

(1321-Ill)
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(~r) What name is given to the tu~•ning effect of a force`t [(]

(h) (i) A simple toy mobile, consisting of a star ai d a t.rian~;le is shown hanging freely.
Assume the rod AB is weightless. Calculate the weight of the triangle. [2]

Thread attached
to ceiling --~

4.(.) N

(ii) Hence calculate the tension in the thread attached to the ceiling. [l]

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

(c) The mobile is now attached to another weightless rod CD of length 0.80 m, making
a more complex mobile as shown. A sphere of weight 9.0 N is attached to D and the
mobile is hung freely from the ceiling.

9.O N

(1?21-01)
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ho~•izontally.
(i} The distance x can be adjusted to allow the rod CD to hang ~3]
Calculate x.

........................................
................................................................................................................................................................

a single `crescent
(ii} The oi'1~111~~ sfar and triangle mobile is now replaced with
have to increase,
moon' of weight 12.0 N as shown. Explain whethei x will now [2]
decrease or stay the same to keep CD horizontal.

-a
ry o
0
-~ o

fE321-UI)
Turn over.

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.rests on a
(c~) A solid block of uniform density with sides 60.0 cm, 40A cm ~~.nd 1.0.0 cm
sloping lough surface.

~ rough
A !l A

of toppling. An arrow
The following diagram shows the block viewed from the side at the point
is shown passim through the centre of gravity of ~:he block.
rough
surface

(i) Explain what is meant by `centre of ~a-~~vity".

[?]
(ii) Calculate the angle B. Assume that no sliding occurs.

~A9 WiEC: C1;AC l..td. (1321-VI}

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nn ly
supported
(b) Thy Mock (iu part (a)) is now attached to a rod of negligible weight which is
by a string and a fr.ictionless hinge as shown in the diagram below.

hinge

uiziform
block
,r
1.8 m '

r}~r

mass of
(i) The density of the material of the block is 400 kg rn -3. Show that the
[2]
the block is 9.6 kg.

[4]
{ii) By taking moments about the hinge, calculate the tension in the string.

.......
....................................................................................................................................................................................

~lll~ Hence calculate the hor.i:~ontal component o.f the force ghat the god exerts on the
[2~
hinge.

~?~ wJ~c cr~AC ~..ra. ~i~z~-oi~ Turn over.

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[2]
(a) (i) Define work.
.................................
........................................................................................................................................................................

[2]
(ii) Hence express the unit of work, J, in terms of the SI base units kg, m and s.
.................................
........................................................................................................................................................................

................................
........................................................................................................................................................................

(b)

as shown. The
A skier of mass 70 kg descends a slope inclined at 20° to the horizontal
of 21 ms"~.The
skier passes point A at a speed of 6 ms-1 and a second point B a~ a speed
B,
distance between A and B is 120 m. Calculate, for the descent from A to
[2~
(i) the gravitational potential energy lost by the skier;

[3]
(ii) the kinetic energy gained by the skier.

.................................
........................................................................................................................................................................

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(c) (i} State the principle of conservation of energy. [1]

(ii) Discuss your answers to (b)(i} and (ii) in terms of this principle. [2]

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
I~

(d) Calculate the mean resistive force experienced by the skier between A anti B. [~!-]

QUESTION 8 IS ON PAGE 14

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contains a circular
A compressed spring is used to shoot a small. toy car. along a track which
and B are referred to
vertical loop of radius 0.20 m. The spring obeys Hooke's law. Points A
later in the question.

Vertical loop

0.40 m 1 :1

s with the force, F,

(cr) The sketch graph shows how t11e extension, x, o ~ the spring varie
applied to it.

[1]
(i) Explain how the graph shows that the spring obeys Hooke's law.

d ill the spring

~11~ Use the graph to show that the elastic potential energy store
[2]
=2 kx2, where k is the spring constant.

i~~ WJEC C13AC l..td. f 1321-01)

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(b) The spring renuires a force of0.10 N to compress it 1.0 ~nm.

(i} Calculate the elastic pot~ntiai ener~,y stored in it when it is compressed by

80 m.m. [3]

~11~ A sma11 car of mass 0.04 kg is placed at poi~~t A, against the end of the spring,
which is then released. Using your answer ~o (b)(i), calcuiat~ the speed with which
[2]
the car leaves the spring.

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
I~
(c) The speed of the car at point B (after it has completed the loop) is 0.2 m s1 less than its ~,
_~
~o
speed at A. Determine the mean frictional force on the car during its motion from A N r
_~
B. [4]

~~, w.iec c~;Ar ~..ta. c~~2i-nip Turn over.

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 ~~ ~~(~ ~,
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involved in a bungee
~,7 (u) By referring to the diagrams, discuss some of the enexgy changes
enefgy, kinetic. energy aild
jump. You should make reference to grccvitativnul potential [5]
elastic pote~~tial energy in your answer.
B C D
A
At the start Free fall, cord slack Coxd stretchin At the lowest oint

a ,r

' i
/
~f
~;~, ~~' ,.

~j ~

a
E~

«, ~v~ ~c,c~~c std. ti3z~-o>>

3~.
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cord of natural
(b) A bun~;ee jumper of mass 70 kgjumps from a high Uridge using a bungee
of the coz-d is
length ~O.m. When he .reaches the lowest point for the first time the length
130 m. Calculate
e to the
(i} the loss of gravitatio~lal potential energy from his position on the bridg
[2]
lowest point for the first time,

Hooke's law
(ii} the stiffness constant ~k) of the bungee coed assuming the cord obeys [3]
and that there are no losses due to air resistance,

h
G
p
............................... fJ O
...... • ... ~............. ~..........~....~...................... M
......................................~~..
............. ~............. ~...................~- ~ ."7

g `bounced' a
(iii) the extension of the cord when he finally cones to rest (after havin
[2)
few times).

~~~ WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-Of)

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largest of its kind in Europe.

The hydroelectric power station a~ Dinorwig in North Wales is the
n.
A simplified diagram showing the main features of the plant is show

High-level
reservoir.
Capacity
= 7.0 X 106m3

Down pipe

~~
Flow of w er
Mean height of high- -_ to generat Low level
level reservoir = 600 m electricity resexvoit-

------------------------------------------------------ -
turbines and generator

itational potential energy

(u) Use the information in the diagram to show that the grav
stored in the high-1eve1 reservoir is approximately 4 X 10~=~ J. [2:J
[Density of water = 1000 kg m-~].

dime for which the

(b) The power plant has six 30~ MW generators. Calculate the longest
the generation process
stored energy could provide power at maximum output given that
ed in the high level
is 90%► efficient [i.e. 10°/~ of the gravitational potential energy stor [3]
reser.voir is wasted].

(]321-01►

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(c) (i) Calculate the mean rate of flow of water (in kg s-~} tl~~~ough the turbines of the
power station when it is operating at full power. ~l]

(ii) After. passing through the turbines the water enters the lower lake at a speed of
20 m s T1. Use your answer to (cJ(i) to calculate the kinetic energy per second
[power] of this water. [1]

(iii} Calculate the ~~vasted ene~•gy per second (power lost) fluxing the generation
process. [2]

(iv) Hence show that your answer to (c)(ii) represents between 30% and 40% of the
wasted power.. [1]

(v) Where else would energy be wasted during the generating process? [1]

6321-01) Turn over,

~S ~