British Standard

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 2482:1981
Incorporating
Amendment Nos. 1, 2
and 3

Specification for

Timber scaffold boards

Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

ICS 91.220
 BS 2482:1981

Cooperating organizations

The Timber Standards Committee, under whose direction this British

Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following:

Association of Building Component Manufacturers Ltd.

British Plastics Federation
British Woodworking Federation
Department of the Environment
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment, Princes
Risborough Laboratory)*
Fibre Building Board Development Organization Ltd.
Forestry Commission*
Institute of Wood Science
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Municipal Engineers*
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Institution of Structural Engineers

National Federation of Building Trades Employers*
National Sawmilling Association*
Royal Institute of British Architects
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
Timber Packaging and Pallet Confederation
Timber Research and Development Association*
Timber Trade Federation*

The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the
following, were directly represented on the Technical Committee entrusted
with the preparation of this British Standard:

British Steel Corporation

British Timber Merchants’ Association
Construction Health and Safety Group
Health and Safety Executive
Home Timber Merchants’ Association of Scotland
National Association of Scaffolding Contractors
This British Standard, having
National Federation of Master Steeplejacks and Lightning Conductor
been prepared under the Engineers
direction of the Timber National Federation of Painting and Decorating Contractors
Standards Committee, was
published under the authority
of the Executive Board and
comes into effect on
31 July 1981

© BSI 12-2000

First published May 1954 Amendments issued since publication

First revision February 1963
Second revision August 1970
Third revision July 1981
Amd. No. Date of issue Comments

4657 July 1984

The following BSI references
relate to the work on this 6258 August 1990 Changes to clause 6, superseded by
standard:
Committee reference TIB/32 Amd. No. 10779
Draft for comment 78/10537DC
10779 December 2000 Changes indicated by a sideline
ISBN 0 580 12174 7
 BS 2482:1981

Contents

Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Types of timber 1
5 Dimensions 2
6 Construction 2
7 Timber quality 2
8 Marking 4
Appendix A Criteria for assessing stress grading machines measuring the
modulus of elasticity of timber in bending as a plank 8
Appendix B Machine calibration requirements 8
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Appendix C List of recommended competent authorities 9

Appendix D Method of test for the determination of the bending strength of
scaffold boards 9
Appendix E Performance characteristics of scaffold boards 9
Figure 1 — Typical knots and groups of knots 5
Table 1 — Timbers for scaffold boards 1
Table 2 — Cross-sectional sizes 2
Table 3 — Maximum span of scaffold boards 4
Table 4 — Settings for computermatic MkP4A and MkP4B 8
Table 5 — Settings for Cook-Bolinder SG-AF 8
Table 6 — Strength performances 9
Publications referred to Inside back cover

© BSI 12-2000 i
 BS 2482:1981

Foreword

This British Standard has been revised under the direction of the Timber
Standards Committee and replaces the 1970 edition which is therefore
withdrawn. 50 mm and 63 mm boards have been introduced for the first time. The
method of selection has been revised and a single grade is specified, which may
be assessed visually or by machine stress grading. For the purposes of this
standard, the surface measurement method for the assessment of knots has been
retained.
Guidance on the use of scaffold boards in access scaffolding is given in BS 5973.
Appendix E provides some information on performance characteristics of boards
complying with the requirements of this standard.
Appendix A describes the criteria for assessing machines measuring the modulus
of elasticity of the timber in bending as a plank and Appendix B gives the
calibration requirements for these machines. Machines working to other
principles will be considered by the Technical Committee as presented.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment.

ii © BSI 12-2000
 BS 2482:1981

1 Scope
This British Standard specifies requirements for
scaffold boards made of sawn softwood. It specifies a
single grade, which may be assessed visually or by
machine stress grading, Timber quality is
stipulated for boards of 225 mm width and
thicknesses of 38 mm, 50 mm and 63 mm.
2 References
The titles of the publications referred to in this
standard are listed on the inside back cover.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this British Standard, the
nomenclature given in BS 881 & BS 589 and the
definitions given in BS 565 and BS 4978 apply,
together with the following.
scaffold board
a board intended to provide part of the support
surface or platform in scaffolding when supported at
appropriate centres and subjected to anticipated
loadings
NOTE Alternative names include “scaffold plank” and “scaffold
batten”.

4 Types of timber
Timbers for scaffold boards shall be selected from
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those shown in Table 1, which gives standard

names, species combinations and botanical species.
Table 1 — Timbers for scaffold boards
Standard name Botanical species Other common names
Imported
Redwood Pinus sylvestris European redwood
Whitewood Picea abies European whitewood
Abies alba
Canadian species
combinations
Douglas fir – larch Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir
Larix occidentalis Western larch

Hem – fir Tsuga heterophylla Western hemlock

Abies amabilis Amabilis fir
Abies grandis Grand fir

Spruce – pine – fira Picea mariana Black spruce

Picea engelmannii Engelmann spruce
Picea rubeus Red spruce
Picea glauca White spruce
Pinus banksiana Jack pine
Pinus contorta Lodgepole pine
Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine
Abies lasiocarpa Alpine fir
Abies balsamea Balsam fir NOTE 1 This table may be
amended to include other
British timbers when information
European larch Larix decidua Larch becomes available.
Japanese larch Larix kaempferi Larch NOTE 2 The most commonly
available timber is imported
Douglas firb Pseudotsuga menziesii whitewood.
NOTE 3 This table lists those
Scots pine Pinus sylvestris Scots fir timbers known to be suitable for
use for the production of scaffold
boards. No attempt has been
made to list timbers in such a
manner as to indicate their
relative strengths.
a Spruce – pine – fir also embraces species comprising Eastern Canadian spruce.
b Suitable for machine graded boards only.

© BSI 12-2000 1
 BS 2482:1981
5 Dimensions
Basic cross-sectional sizes and the minimum actual
sizes, when measured at 20 % moisture content,
shall be as shown in Table 2.
The maximum permissible tolerances on the basic
cross-sectional sizes shall be ± 2 mm on the basic
thickness of 38 mm ± 3 mm on the basic thicknesses
of 50 mm and 63 mm, and ± 5 mm on the basic
width. A finished scaffold board shall be of the
length described by the supplier, with a tolerance
of ± 50 mm except in the case of boards of up to basic
length 3.9 m for which the tolerance on length shall
be ± 25 mm.
NOTE Manufacturers of system (prefabricated) scaffolds
requiring more precise dimensions than those specified should
define their own particular requirements in terms of acceptable
Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
tolerances.
Table 2 — Cross-sectional sizes
Basic Minimum actual
Thickness Width Thickness Width
mm mm mm mm
38 225 36 220
50 225 47 220
63 225 60 220
6 Construction
The face surface shall be sawn; edges shall be sawn
or planed. Corners shall be either chamfered for a
distance of up to 25 mm or left square. Ends shall be
protected from splitting by one of the following
means, which shall be fitted in such a manner as to
avoid causing injury.
a) End hoops. End hoops shall be made from
zinc-coated mild steel at least 0.6 mm thick. An
end hoop shall have a minimum width of 20 mm
and a maximum width not greater than the
thickness of the board. It shall extend for a
minimum of 150 mm along the edge of the board.
The end hoop shall be secured to the edge of the
board along each side with:
1) not fewer than two 30 mm × 3.0 mm clout
nails, galvanized in accordance with BS 1706 or
zinc-plated and chromate-conversion-coated in
accordance with BS 6338; or
2) not fewer than eight teeth, stamped or
pressed from the end hoop in such a way that
sharp strips of steel are bent from the slots to
project at approximately 90° from the underside
of the hoop.firomthe
2 © BSI 12-2000
The end hoop shall be secured to the end of the
board with:
i) not fewer than three 30 mm × 3.0 mm clout
nails, either galvanized or zinc-plated and
chromate-conversion-coated, as specified
in 6a)1); or
ii) not fewer than 28 teeth, formed as specified
in 6a)2).
End hoops shall be so finished as to avoid causing
injury through sharp ends.
b) Nailplates. Nailplates shall be made from
galvanized sheet steel by stamping or pressing a
pattern of slots in such a way that sharp strips of
steel are bent from the ends of the slots to project
at approximately 90° from the underside of the
plate. The plate shall have a minimum thickness
of 0.7 mm (22 gauge) with a minimum width
of 27 mm and a minimum length of 190 mm.
There shall be a minimum of 42 teeth per plate
and at least 50 % of these teeth shall have a length
of greater than 8 mm. At least two plates shall be
attached across each end of the board (one on each
face) and shall be positioned within 230 mm of the
end of the board. The nailplates shall be attached
by being pressed into the face of the scaffold board
until the upper surface of the nailplate is flush
with that of the board. Before the nailplate is
inserted, pressure shall be applied to the sides of
the board in order to close any fissures that may
be present. The size limits of fissures shall be in
accordance with 7.2.2.1.
7 Timber quality
7.1 General. Timber shall be assessed in
accordance with the requirements of either 7.2
or 7.3.
NOTE 1 In order to ensure that all stress graded timber
selected by a stress grading machine exhibits consistent strength
properties, it is strongly recommended that grading machines are
subject to approval by a competent authority and the machine is
operated under a quality control system administered by a
competent authority. For the same reason there is a need to
employ adequately trained and supervised operatives to carry out
visual stress grading. Attention is drawn to the certification
authorities listed in Appendix C.
NOTE 2 If testing of individual scaffold boards described as
complying with the requirements of this standard is required, it
is recommended that the method described in Appendix D is
used. Under no circumstances should attempts be made to proof
load scaffold boards intended for subsequent use as testing may
seriously impair their strength.

7.2 Visual grading of boards
7.2.1 Methods of measurement
7.2.1.1 Characteristics other than knots.
Measurement of characteristics other than knots
shall be in accordance with BS 4978.
7.2.1.2 Knots
7.2.1.2.1 General. Knots shall be measured at right
angles to the length of the board.
Single knots that appear on both opposing faces
shall be measured on both faces and the
measurements summed.
Where more than one knot occurs within
any 100 mm length along the board, the knots shall
be considered as a group (see 7.2.1.2.5).
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NOTE Typical knots, and groups of knots, together with their
measurements are shown in Figure 1.
7.2.1.2.2 Face knots visible on edge. Knots visible on
edge but whose axis is essentially perpendicular to
the face shall be treated as face knots and the part
visible on edge ignored.
7.2.1.2.3 Splay knots. Only that part of a splay knot
which is visible on edge shall be measured.
7.2.1.2.4 Arris knots and edge knots emerging on to
face. The portions of such knots occurring on edge
shall be measured. Portions occurring on face shall
also be measured separately.
7.2.1.2.5 Groups of knots. Each appearance of every
knot on both faces, excluding splay knots, shall be
measured and summed. Each appearance of every
knot on both edges, excluding parts of face knots,
shall also be measured and summed.
7.2.2 Limiting characteristics
7.2.2.1 Fissures and resin pockets. Fissures on faces
that have a depth exceeding one-third of the
thickness of the board shall be not longer
than 225 mm. Unlimited minor surface checks are
permitted. Fissures on an edge that have a depth
exceeding one-third of the thickness of the board
shall be not longer than twice the thickness. Resin
pockets shall be assessed as fissures.
7.2.2.2 Wane. Wane shall not exceed in
aggregate 25 mm on either face. When end hoops
are fitted, wane shall not extend on the edge such
that the edge of the band is unsupported.
7.2.2.3 Distortion. Bow shall not exceed half the
thickness of the board in any 3 m length and spring
shall not exceed 10 mm in any 3 m length. Twist
shall not exceed 10 mm over the full width of the
board in any 3 m length and cup shall not
exceed 5 mm.
© BSI 12-2000
BS 2482:1981
7.2.2.4 Damage. Damage likely to cause a greater
reduction in strength than other admissible
characteristics or likely to prejudice safe footholding
or cause injury whilst handling shall lead to
rejection of the board.
7.2.2.5 Decay. Boards shall be free from fungal
decay; however, blue stain in sapwood is admissible.
7.2.2.6 Insect holes. Pinholes and wormholes shall
be permitted to a slight extent, provided that there
is no active infestation of the material. Wood wasp
holes shall not be permitted.
7.2.2.7 Abnormal features. Boards containing
reaction wood and other abnormal features
detrimental to strength shall be rejected.
7.2.2.8 Slope of grain. Slope of grain shall not
exceed 1 in 10 on face or on edge.
7.2.2.9 Knots
7.2.2.9.1 General. All knots, measured in
accordance with 7.2.1.2, shall be limited by the
following rules. Where there occurs in more than
one position knots or groups of knots of maximum
size (see 7.2.2.9.2 to 7.2.2.9.5), then the board shall
be rejected unless there is at least 150 mm between
such occurrences.
7.2.2.9.2 Face knots. The sum of the measurements,
taking account of both faces, shall not exceed
two-thirds of the width of the board (150 mm), nor
shall the measurement of any one knot on a single
face exceed one-third of the width (75 mm).
7.2.2.9.3 Knots visible on edge only and splay knots.
The sum of the measurements shall not exceed
three-quarters of the thickness of the board.
7.2.2.9.4 Arris knots and edge knots emerging on to
face. The sum of the edge measurements shall not
exceed three-quarters of the thickness of the board,
neither shall the sum of the face measurements,
taking account of both faces, exceed 120 mm.
7.2.2.9.5 Combinations of knot types. Where
combinations of the knots described in 7.2.1.2.2
to 7.2.1.2.4 occur in the same group, they shall be
measured as described, summed as specified
in 7.2.1.2.5 and comply with the requirements
of 7.2.2.9.4.
7.3 Machine grading of boards
7.3.1 Methods of measurement
7.3.1.1 Mechanically assessed characteristics.
Measurement of those aspects of timber quality not
limited by 7.3.2.2 shall be accomplished by passing
a board through a stress grading machine
complying with the requirements of Appendix A.
3
 BS 2482:1981

7.3.1.2 Visually assessed characteristics. 8 Marking

Measurement of the limiting characteristics
Each board shall bear the following information
specified in 7.3.2.2 shall be in accordance with
marked in a legible manner upon the means of end
BS 4978. In addition, where visual assessment of
protection (see clause 6) or upon a specially
knots is necessary, in accordance with 7.3.2.2, such
knots shall be measured as specified in 7.2.1.2. provided identification plate or by means of brands
on the surface of the board.
7.3.2 Limiting characteristics
a) The number of this British Standard,
7.3.2.1 Mechanically assessed characteristics. All i.e. BS 24821).
boards shall be passed through and accepted by a b) The identification mark of the supplier.
grading machine set to the limiting values given in
Appendix B. c) The letter M or V denoting machine or visually
graded.
7.3.2.2 Visually assessed characteristics. All boards
shall comply with the requirements of 7.2.2.1 d) The word “support”, followed by the maximum
span in metres over which the board has to be
to 7.2.2.7. In addition, where a machine does not
supported (see Table 3) followed by the
fully grade to within 600 mm of both ends of a board,
abbreviation “max.”.
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a visual check for knots shall be made of the

non-graded portion. If upon assessing this portion it Table 3 — Maximum span of scaffold boards
is found to have a knot larger than the maximum Basic thickness Span
permitted in 7.2.2.9, and if such a knot is also larger mm m
than any existing in the fully graded portion, then
the board shall be rejected. 38 1.5
50 2.6
63 3.25

1) Marking BS 2482 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’s declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on

behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the
claimant’s responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity.

4 © BSI 12-2000
 Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

© BSI 12-2000
Figure 1 — Typical knots and groups of knots

5
BS 2482:1981
 Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

6
BS 2482:1981

Figure 1 — (continued)

© BSI 12-2000
 Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

© BSI 12-2000
Figure 1 — (concluded)

7
BS 2482:1981
 BS 2482:1981

Appendix A Criteria for assessing Appendix B Machine calibration

stress grading machines measuring requirements
the modulus of elasticity of timber in Table 4 and Table 5 give data for the calibration of
bending as a plank stress grading machines when used for the selection
of timber for subsequent use as a scaffold board.
A grading machine shall be capable of determining
force or deflection in such a manner as to provide a This data is for those machines currently in use and
measure of the modulus of elasticity, in bending will be updated as appropriate. It is based upon the
working moment of resistance given in Table 6.
over a span of 914 mm or less, at intervals of not
greater than 150 mm throughout the length of each Table 4 — Settings for computermatic MkP4A
piece of timber and to within 750 mm of both ends and MkP4B
(see Note 1). Basic Force Limits (Bits of 0.19 mm)
The value of modulus of elasticity determined by the thickness Species 1 Species 2
machine shall be closely related to the value of mm N
modulus of elasticity obtained from the laboratory
test given in 11.2 of BS 5820:1979, and shall be 38 3 062 43 33
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shown to have a coefficient of determination of not 50 5 219 33 26

less than 0.75 for a sufficient number of samples, 63 8 505 28 22
each of not less than 100 pieces of timber, to cover
the whole range of species, sizes and grades NOTE 1 Species 1 is imported redwood and whitewood,
spruce – pine – fir and British grown Scots pine.
(see Note 2) and operating conditions under which NOTE 2 Species 2 is British grown Douglas fir.
the machine is intended to be used. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is claimed that this
The machine shall be capable of comparing each of machine is the subject of patent no. 1104496.
its determinations with pre-set boundary values
Table 5 — Settings for Cook-Bolinder SG-AFa
which correspond to individual stress grades and of
marking the lowest grade sensed within the length Basic Deflection Pressure Limit
of each piece of timber. thickness
Species Species Species Species
1 2 1 2
Sufficient data on the relation between the
machine’s determinations and the strength mm mm
bar
b
bar
b N N
properties or the modulus of elasticity shall be
38 7.1 1.3 1.7 2 761 3 575
available to enable boundary values to be
established for the selection of timber to the stress 50 5.0 1.7 2.2 4 130 5 375
values specified for the grades. 63 3.7 2.1 2.7 5 811 7 497
The machine shall be fitted with locking devices on NOTE 1 Species 1 is imported redwood and whitewood,
the setting controls and a means by which the grade spruce – pine – fir and British grown Scots pine.
settings are displayed in a form different from that NOTE 2 Species 2 is British grown Douglas fir.
used to insert the settings to ensure that the a
Attention is drawn to the fact that it is claimed that this
operator refers back to the setting data. The machine is the subject of patent no. 8003118.
b1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 100 kPa.
measurement of the applied force and resulting
deflection or the applied deflection and resulting
force shall have an accuracy of ± 2 % of the actual
measurement (not of the full scale reading) when
measured statically, and ± 3 % when measured
dynamically.
The machine shall not damage the timber during
the grading operation.
NOTE 1 This appendix specifies the basic requirements for a
stress grading machine. When the machine is used for the
selection of timber for subsequent use as scaffold boards, certain
additional grading operations may be required (see 7.3.2.2).
NOTE 2 For scaffold boards complying with the requirements
of this standard, there is only one grade for each thickness of
board.

8 © BSI 12-2000
 BS 2482:1981

Appendix C List of recommended The specimen should be supported on rollers and a

competent authorities fixed knife edge reaction, or by other devices which
achieve an acceptable free support condition
The recommended authorities for approval and without significant local indentation of the
supervision of stress grading are as follows. specimen.
Machine stress grading NOTE The loading equipment used should be capable of
measuring load to an accuracy of 1 % or better.
British Standards Institution Load should be applied at a continuous rate so
Quality Assurance Division adjusted that maximum load is reached
Certification and Assessment Department within 300 ± 120 seconds.
Maylands Avenue D.3 Results. The bending strength of the test
Hemel Hempstead specimen should be calculated from the formula:
Hertfordshire HP2 4SQ. 1800F
fM = ----------------
-
Visual stress grading bt
2
Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

British Standards Institution where

Quality Assurance Division
Certification and Assessment Department fM is the bending strength, in N/mm2;
Maylands Avenue F is the maximum load, in N;
Hemel Hempstead b and t are respectively the width and thickness
Hertfordshire HP2 4SQ. of the specimen from actual measurements,
Timber Research and Development Association in mm.
Stocking Lane NOTE The span of 1.2 m quoted in this appendix is that
traditionally used for the testing of scaffold boards to ascertain
Hughenden Valley their bending strength and as such is not intended as being
High Wycombe comparable to spans used in, for instance, access scaffolding.
Buckinghamshire HP14 4ND.
Appendix E Performance
NOTE This list will be updated as appropriate.
characteristics of scaffold boards
Appendix D Method of test for the Scaffold boards complying with the requirements of
determination of the bending strength this standard can be expected to provide the
of scaffold boards strength performances shown in Table 6.
Table 6 — Strength performancesa
D.1 General. All boards complying with the Basic Maximum Minimum Working
requirements of this standard can be expected to cross-sectional working section moment of
have a lower one percentile bending stress when size stress modulus resistance
tested in accordance with D.2 in excess (f) (z) (fz)
of 15.2 N/mm2 at 27 % or greater moisture content.
mm N/mm2 mm3 N/mm × 10–3
NOTE Because of the nature of timber and the factors affecting
its performance, values of bending strength obtained by testing 38 × 225 9.85 47 520 468
in accordance with D.2 should not be used as design stresses
without taking due account of these various modifying factors. 50 × 225 9.85 80 997 798
For instance, the duration of the test load is very much shorter
than that likely to be found in actual use, and this is an important
63 × 225 9.85 132 000 1 300
modifying influence. a
This data is based on a load of five days duration on a board
measured at 27 % moisture content.
D.2 Procedure. The test specimen should be
simply supported as a plank over a span of 1.2 m
and deflected by a centrally applied load until
failure occurs.

© BSI 12-2000 9
 Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

10
blank
 BS 2482:1981

Publications referred to

BS 565, Glossary of terms relating to timber and woodwork.

BS 881 & BS 589, Nomenclature of commercial timbers including sources of supply.
BS 1706, Method for specifying electroplated coatings of zinc and cadmium on iron and steel.

BS 4978, Timber grades for structural use.

BS 5820, Methods of test for determination of certain physical and mechanical properties of timber in
structural sizes.
BS 5973, Code of practice for access and working scaffolds and special scaffold structures in steel 2).
BS 6338, Specification for chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc and cadmium coatings.
Licensed Copy: Untung Priyatno, BP Indonesia, February 20, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

2) Referred to in the foreword only.

© BSI 12-2000
 BS 2482:1981

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