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Trigonom PDF
Trigonom PDF
Trigonom PDF
a b a b
1. sin α = ; cos α = ; tg α = ; ctg α = ;
c c b a
(a, b - catetele, c - ipotenuza triunghiului dreptunghic, α - unghiul, opus catetei a).
sin α cos α
2. tg α = ; ctg α = .
cos α sin α
3. tg α ctg α = 1.
π
4. sin ± α = cos α; sin(π ± α) = ∓ sin α.
2
π
5. cos ± α = ∓ sin α; cos(π ± α) = − cos α.
2
π π
6. tg ± α = ∓ ctg α; ctg ± α = ∓ tg α.
2 2
π π
7. sec ± α = ∓ cosec α; cosec ± α = sec α.
2 2
8. sin2 α + cos2 α = 1.
9. 1 + tg2 α = sec2 α.
1
s
α 1 − cos α
21. sin = .
2 2
s
α 1 + cos α
22. cos = .
2 2
s
α 1 − cos α
23. tg = .
2 1 + cos α
α sin α 1 − cos α
24. tg = = .
2 1 + cos α sin α
s
α 1 + cos α
25. ctg = .
2 1 − cos α
α sin α 1 + cos α
26. ctg = = .
2 1 − cos α sin α
α
27. 1 + cos α = 2 cos2 .
2
α
28. 1 − cos α = 2 sin2 .
2
α±β α∓β
29. sin α ± sin β = 2 sin cos .
2 2
α+β α−β
30. cos α + cos β = 2 cos cos .
2 2
α+β α−β
31. cos α − cos β = −2 sin sin .
2 2
sin(α ± β)
32. tg α ± tg β = .
cos α cos β
sin(β ± α)
33. ctg α ± ctg β = .
sin α sin β
1
34. sin α sin β = [cos(α − β) − cos(α + β)].
2
1
35. sin α cos β = [sin(α + β) + sin(α − β)].
2
1
36. cos α cos β = [cos(α + β) + cos(α − β)].
2
0 c
Copyright
1999 ONG TCV Scoala Virtuala a Tanarului Matematician http://math.ournet.md
2
37. Ecuatii trigonometrice elementare:
sin x = a, |a| ≤ 1; x = (−1)n arcsin a + πn;
cos x = a, |a| ≤ 1; x = ± arccos a + 2πn;
n ∈ Z.
tg x = a, x = arctg a + πn;
ctg x = a, x = arcctg a + πn
π
38. arcsin x + arccos x = , |x| ≤ 1.
2
π
39. arctg x + arcctg x = .
2
π
40. arcsec x + arccosec x = , |x| ≥ 1.
2
41. sin(arcsin x) = x, x ∈ [−1; +1].
π π
42. arcsin(sin x) = x, x∈ − ; .
2 2
43. cos(arccos x) = x, x ∈ [−1; +1].
45. tg(arctg x) = x, x ∈ R.
π π
46. arctg(tg x) = x, x∈ − ; .
2 2
47. ctg(arcctg x) = x, x ∈ R.
3
√ √
arcsin(x 1 − y 2 − y 1 − x2 ), daca xy ≥ 0 sau x2 + y 2 ≤ 1;
√ √
54. arcsin x−arcsin y =
π − arcsin(x 1 − y 2 − y 1 − x2 ), daca x > 0, y < 0 si x2 + y 2 > 1;
√
√
−π − arcsin(x 1 − y 2 − y 1 − x2 ), daca x < 0, y > 0 si x2 + y 2 > 1.
q
2 2
arccos(xy − (1 − x )(1 − y )), daca x + y ≥ 0;
55. arccos x + arccos y = q
2π − arccos(xy − (1 − x2 )(1 − y 2 )), daca x + y < 0.
q
− arccos(xy + (1 − x2 )(1 − y 2 )), daca x ≥ y;
56. arccos x − arccos y =
q
arccos(xy + (1 − x2 )(1 − y 2 )), daca x < y.
x+y
arctg , daca xy < 1;
1 − xy
x+y
57. arctg x + arctg y = π + arctg , daca x > 0 si xy > 1;
1 − xy
x+y
−π + arctg , daca x < 0 si xy > 1.
1 − xy
x−y
arctg, daca xy > −1;
1 + xy
x−y
58. arctg x − arctg y = π + arctg
, daca x > 0 si xy < −1;
1 + xy
x−y
−π + arctg , daca x < 0 si xy < −1.
1 + xy
√
√ 2
2
arcsin(2x 1 − x ), daca |x| ≤ ;
2
√
√
59. 2 arcsin x =
π − arcsin(2x 1 − x2 ),
2
daca < x ≤ 1;
2 √
√ 2
−π − arcsin(2x 1 − x2 ), daca − 1 ≤ x < − .
2
arccos(2x2 − 1) cand 0 ≤ x ≤ 1;
60. 2 arccos x =
2π − arccos(2x2 − 1) cand − 1 ≤ x < 0.
2x
arctg , daca |x| < 1;
1 − x2
2x
61. 2 arctg x = π + arctg , daca x > 1;
1 − x2
2x
−π + arctg , daca x < −1.
1 − x2
0 c
Copyright
1999 ONG TCV Scoala Virtuala a Tanarului Matematician http://math.ournet.md
4
s √
1− 1 − x2
arcsin , daca 0 ≤ x ≤ 1;
1 2
62. arcsin x =
s √
2 1 − 1 − x2
− arcsin , daca − 1 ≤ x < 0.
2
s
1 1+x
63. arccos x = arccos , daca − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.
2 2
√
1 + x2 − 1
1 arctg , daca x 6= 0;
64. arctg x =
x
2
0, daca x = 0.
0 c
Copyright
1999 ONG TCV Scoala Virtuala a Tanarului Matematician http://math.ournet.md