Factors Affecting Lack of Sleep and Their Relationship to the Academic

Performance of the Students

Leader: Erika Brigatay

Members:

Rochelle Yra O. Barrios

Iona A. Labrague

Leyanne Aira E. Meneses

Meladine D. Sarmiento

Maurene Q. Toldanes

12- Lilac
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His showers

of blessings throughout our research work to complete the research successfully.

We would like to express our deepest and sincere gratitude to our class advisor

and research teacher, Mr. Ace V. Esmas, for giving us the opportunity to do research and

providing invaluable guidance throughout this research, for his patience, encouragement

and motivation to accomplish this study.

We also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, our gratitude towards our

parents and members of our family, who has always supported and encourage us to

accomplish the study.

 DEDICATION

This study is sincerely dedicated to our families, for their unconditional love, care

and financial support for the accomplishment of the study.

To our friends and loved – ones who gave us a great support and encouragement

in order to make this work remarkable and significant.

To all teachers, who extend their patience, time and efforts for the accomplishment

of the study.

Mostly to our respondents, who gave their best in participation in the study.

Beyond all, to Almighty God, with this universal love and blessings, those all made

all things possible.

 ABSTRACT

Title : FACTORS AFFECTING LACK OF SLEEP AND THEIR

RELATIONSHIP TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE

STUDENTS

School : ACADEMIA DE SAN LORENZO DEMA-ALA INC.

Tialo, Sto. Cristo, City of San Jose del Monte Bulacan

Name of Researchers : BARRIOS, ROCHELLE YRA O.

BRIGATAY, ERIKA

LABRAGUE, IONA A.

MENESES, LEYANNE AIRA E.

SARMIENTO, MELADINE D.

TOLDANES, MAURENE Q.

Name of Advisor : MR. ACE VERGEL ESMAS

Sleep deprivation, also known as insufficient sleep or sleeplessness, is the

condition of not having enough sleep. It can be either chronic or acute and may vary

widely in severity. Students suffer from sleep deprivation, the researchers attempted to

determine the factors affecting lack of sleep to the academic performance of the students.

The study is descriptive method withe the used of questionnaire as its research

instrument. The locale of the study was in Academia de San Lorenzo Dema-ala Inc. The

respondents of this study were random students from Junior and Senior high school. It
investigated the factors affecting lack of sleep to the academic performance of the

students during the school year 2019-2020. Some of the students couldn't sleep on time

because of school works and projects. The researchers found out that the most students

suffer from sleep deprivation is because of the use of too much gadgets.
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life. Getting

enough quality of sleep at the right times can help protect your mental health, physical

health, quality of life and safety

Sleep deprivation, also known as an insufficient sleep or sleeplessness, is the

condition of not having enough sleep. It can be either chronic or acute and may vary

widely in severity (Wikipedia).

The loss of sleep is a common problem in modern society, affecting many

individuals at some point in their lives. Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual gets

less sleep than they need to feel awake and alert. Some people such as older adults

seems to be more resistant to the effects of sleep deprivation, while the others, especially

children and young adults, are more vulnerable (Kethleen Davis, 2018).

Sleep deprivation is a general term to describe a state caused by inadequate

quantity or quality of sleep, including voluntary or involuntary sleeplessness and circadian

rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep is as important to human body as food and water, but many

of us don’t get enough sleep. Lack of sleep can also affect child’s school performance

and could be linked to increased risk of emotional problems such as depression

Background of the Study

Sleep has been a part of everyone’s life. Sleep is the resting period for our body

to recover what it has endured throughout the day. Mankind has never fully

comprehended the concept of sleep, such as how or why it happens. Physicians came

up with their own theories of how sleep happens. During the 19th century, physicians

theorized that sleep was caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain. Plato believed that

clogged pores in the brain causes people to sleep. People today have been gaining more

knowledge of why we sleep, dream, and how to sleep comfortably. ("A Brief history of

sleep") (Cruz, Garcia, Patwardhan, 2013)

Lack of sleep can affect your child’s school performance in two major ways.

However, sleep deprivation can have the opposite effect on children, causing them to

become more energetic and even hyperactive. It is recommended that adults get an

average of eight hours of sleep per night, but kids need more.

Sleep deprivation increases the likelihood teens will suffer myriad negative

consequences, including an inability to concentrate, poor grades, drowsy-driving incident,

anxiety, depression, thoughts of suicide and even suicide attempts.(Stanford, 2015)

Theoretical Framework

According to Brain Plasticity Theory, sleep plays a critical role in brain

development. Infants, for example, sleep for about 13 – 14 hours every day. On the other

hand, the poor ability to learn and perform tasks due to the lack of sleep explains the role

of sleep in adults. A link between sleep and brain plasticity is becoming clear in adults as
 well. This is seen in the effect that sleep and sleep deprivation have on people's ability to

learn and perform a variety of tasks

Since, it has been proven that brain is highly active during sleep, this theory

remains the most plausible one in being able to state one of the functions of sleep. (Frank

MG, 2006)

Conceptual Framework

 Demographic profile
of the respondents  The relationship of
- Age
- Gender  Request letter for the having lack of sleep
- Strand
- Grade Level conduct of study to academic
 Causes of sleep
 Construction of performance of
deprivation to
students questionnaires students in
 Effects of sleep
deprivation to  Conduction of Academia De San
students
 Effects of sleep interview Lorenzo Dema-Ala
deprivation to
academic Inc.
performance of the
students

Figure 1 : Showing the causes of lack of sleep

 The process of our conducted study will begin on having a survey on Academia de

San Lorenzo. The first box containing questions are the questionnaires that will be

answered by the respondents chosen on different year level. Researchers pick at least

twenty students that may participate on the conducted interview for the study. After the

process, researchers include the gathering of data and information that the study needed

that leads to the expected results for the problem.

Statement of the Problem

The researchers’ aims to determine the factors affecting lack of sleep and their

relationship to academic performance of the students in Academia de San Lorenzo Inc.

S.Y. 2019-2020 specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the student?

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Strand

d. Grade level

2. What are the causes of sleep deprivation of the student?

3. What are the effects of sleep deprivation to the student?

4. What are the effects of sleep deprivation to academic performance of the

students?

Hypothesis

There is a significant relationship between having lack of sleep to the academic

performance of the students.

Significance of the Study

The generalization of this study would be a great contributor to the reader’s

knowledge.

The School Administrators. The main goal of this study is to help the school in

preventing the sleeplessness of a child. This study can help the school in making some

strategies on how to prevent the said phenomena. Knowing the effects of sleep

deprivation of the student, the school is the one who is primarily affected.

The Teachers. The teachers will be able to make a solution on how to reduce the

sleeplessness of the students that causes a failing grades. They will be the one who will

be the motivation and inspirations of the students.

The Parents/Families. This research will surely inform the parents of the students

and the bad results of this habit. In that case, they can formulate ideas on how to prevent

the lack of sleep of their child.

The Future Researchers. The future researcher will be encouraged to make

another research related to this topic. This study may serve as a reference on future

researcher.

The Students. This research will inform the student about this topic. Students may

create ideas for them to prevent or avoid the same problem.

Scope and Limitations

The Study focused on the Factors affecting lack of sleep and their relationship to

the Academic performance of Students in Academia De San Lorenzo Dema-Ala Inc. Data
gathering instruments used is questionnaires which were answered by not less than 20

Students.

Definition of terms

The following important terms may help the readers to understand the content of

this studies.

Academia De San Lorenzo Dema-ala Inc. – the school or institution where the study

conducted.

Academic performance – is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has

achieved their short or long-term educational goals.

Administration – the process or activity of running a business, organization, etc.

Chronic – (of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.

Deprivation – the damaging lack of materials benefits considered to be basic necessities

in a society.

Hypothesis – is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more

variables.

Significant – refers to the level of certainly in the results of a study.

Theory – a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially

one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.

Vulnerable – susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter aims to gathered information and materials that are relevant to the

study and can serve as reference in understanding to the nature of the topic.

Foreign Literature

1. Sleep Deprivation. Sleep Deprivation is a general term to describe a state

caused by inadequate quantity or quality of sleep, including voluntary or

involuntary sleeplessness and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep is as

important to the human body as food and water, but many of us don’t get

enough sleep. Insufficient sleep, inadequate quality of sleep or disruptions to

the sleep-wake cycle (such as those that occur with shift work or travelling to a

different time zone) have consequences for how we function in the daytime,

causing sleepiness and fatigue. A sleepy fatigued person is accident prone,

judgement impaired and more likely to make mistakes and bad decisions.

Staying awake for 24 hours leads to a reduced hand-to-eye coordination that

is similar to having a blood alcohol content of 0.1. This is why sleep deprivation

contributes to road accidents and work injuries. Lack of sleep can also affect a

child’s school performance and could be linked to increased risk of emotional

problems such as depression.

2. How Sleep Deprivation Affects Psychological Variables Related to

College Students' Cognitive Performance. The effects of sleep deprivation

on cognitive performance and on psychological variables related to cognitive

 performance were studied in 44 college students. Participants completed the

Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal after either 24 hours of sleep

deprivation or approximately 8 hours of sleep. After completing the cognitive

task, the participants completed 2 questionnaires, one assessing self-reported

effort, concentration, and estimated performance, the other assessing off-task

cognitions. As expected, sleep-deprived participants performed significantly

worse than the nondeprived participants on the cognitive task. However, the

sleep-deprived participants rated their concentration and effort higher than the

nondeprived participants did. In addition, the sleep-deprived participants rated

their estimated performance significantly higher than the nondeprived

participants did. The findings indicate that college students are not aware of the

extent to which sleep deprivation negatively affects their ability to complete

cognitive tasks. (Pitcher.PhD, 2010).

3. Sleep deprivation is common amongst university students whom live in a

culture that promotes reduced sleep, due to the burden of academic work and

social pursuits. The reasons for poor sleep hygiene include alcohol and caffeine

intake, stimulants, and technology, which prevent students achieving sufficient

sleep time and quality [1]. A cross-sectional survey found that 71% of students

did not achieve the recommended 8 h of sleep, with 60% classified as poor

sleepers [2]. An average of 5.7 h sleep has been reported for students studying

architecture, and sleepless nights due to academic work throughout the night—

defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as an all-nighter—occurred, on

average, 2.7 days a month [3].

4. How Sleep Deprivation Affects Mental Performances. The earliest scientific

evidence of a link between sleep and performance dates back to the early

1930’s, when Nathaniel Kleitman, one of most significant figures in the field of

sleep medicine, discovered a daily pattern in the speed and accuracy of

cognitive performance. He showed that even in well-rested individuals there

was a decrease in the level of individual performance that occurred in the early

morning and again late at night. Thus, even when we are getting the amount of

sleep we need, we can still expect normal fluctuations in our ability to function.

In addition to these normal fluctuations, not getting enough sleep—whether for

just one night or over the course of weeks to months—has a significant effect

on our ability to function. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts our mood, our

ability to focus, and our ability to access higher-level cognitive functions. The

combination of these factors is what we generally refer to as mental

performance. In the laboratory, researchers use scientific studies to determine

just how significantly varying levels of sleep disturbance impact various types

of mental performance.

5. Sleep Loss. Sleep influences our daily life very strongly, it provides a structure

to a daily activities and it contributes to our health and well-being (Alhola and

Polo-Kantola , 2007). It also plays role in the normal functioning of several

cognitive processes. However, our modern society does not prioritize getting

sufficient amount of sleep every day. There is an entire industry built around

supplying exhausted people with caffeinated drinks and caffeine pills to help

them cope with the effects o0066 sleep deprivation on a daily basis. Due to the
 commercialization of sleep loss. It is important to investigate the role of sleep

and loss of sleep in normal physiological functioning.

Foreign Study

1. Lack of sleep and Health Effects of sleep deprivation on the skin should

not be overlooked either. A lack of sleep can impair the body's ability to fend

off diseases (Irwin et al. 1994) and inflammation. One recent study on rats

showed that partial sleep deprivation led to worsening of psoriasis-related

biomarkers thus possibly increasing the risk of the subject developing psoriasis

(Hirotsu et al., 2012). Finally, a chronic lack of sleep has also been linked to

weight gain. A st udy by Spiegel et al. (2004) found that restricting sleep in 12

healthy men for two days, from 10 to 4 hours, resulted in a reduction in leptin

(a hormone involved in feeling 'full' after eating) and elevations in ghrelin

(hormone involved in stimulating feelings of hunger). These hormonal changes

were also accompanied by self-reported increases in appetite and hunger,

particularly for high calorie foods. Alongside this, simply being awake longer

and at odd times may, for example, give us more opportunity to eat and limit

our ability and motivation to exercise!

2. Lack of Sleep affecting Children's Performance in School. Lack of sleep

can also have a negative effect on how a child learns. Overtired kids work more

slowly because it's hard for them to remember what the teacher just told them

or what they just read. Their brains have a harder time focusing, even

interfering with the formation and recall of long-term memories. When kids are

sleep-deprived their brains actually lapse into sleep-like brainwave patterns,

 which is why tired kids space out during class. They're more distracted, they

may make more careless errors, and they have a hard time focusing on class

assignments and tests. And don't forget how kids become moody and impulsive

when they're tired. They're more likely to lose their temper causing them to

make poor choices and then sit in the principal's office rather than the

classroom.

3. Review of studies concerning effect of Sleep Deprivation. Possible effects

of sleep deprivation and fatigue on the performance and well-being of residents

have received little scientific examination until recently. This article is a review

of the studies on this topic published since 1970. All those studies that dealt

with residents' moods and attitudes demonstrated deleterious effects of sleep

deprivation and fatigue. The implications of this finding for patient care deserve

exploration. Residents' acuity on performance tests requiring prolonged

vigilance tended to deteriorate with acute sleep loss, while their performances

on most brief psychomotor tests measuring manual dexterity, reaction times,

and short-term recall were not adversely affected. The data presently available

suggest that sleep-deprived or fatigued house officers can compensate for

sleep loss in crises or other novel situations. However, sleep-deprived

residents may be more prone to errors on routine, repetitive tasks and tasks

that require sustained vigilance, which form a substantial portion of residents'

workload. The authors concur with the recommendation of the Executive

Council of the Association of American Medical Colleges that the total working
 hours for residents should not exceed 80 hours per week averaged over four

weeks. (Samkoff J S, 1991).

4. Poor Sleep can negatively affect a student's grades. The study, authored

by Fred Danner, PhD, of the University of Kentucky, focused on 882 high

school freshmen who provided information about their sleep habits and school

grades and also completed psychological and behavioral assessments.

According to the results, students reported sleeping, on average, 7.6 hours per

school night, with 48 percent reporting less than eight hours. Hours of sleep

per school night were significantly positively associated with GPA and level of

motivation, and significantly negatively associated with clinically significant

levels of emotional disturbance and ADHD. Each additional hour of sleep on

school nights lowered the odds of scoring in the clinically significant range of

emotional disturbance and ADHD by 25 percent and 34 percent, respectively.

“Since these findings are based on associations rather than direct experimental

manipulation, they cannot conclusively prove that insufficient sleep causes a

loss of motivation, poor grades, ADHD, and emotional disturbance during

adolescence,” said Dr. Danner. “The results, however, are consistent with a

growing body of research that many adolescents do not get sufficient sleep and

that even mild chronic sleep deprivation has serious effects on their

psychological functioning. Lack of sleep should no longer be considered a

traditional adolescent rite of passage because it can have serious

consequences.”
5. Poor sleep can negatively affect a student’s grades, increase the odds of

emotional and behavioral disturbance WESTCHESTER, Ill. – Insufficient

sleep among adolescents may not only contribute to lower grades and a lack

of motivation, but may also increase the odds of serious levels of emotional

and behavioral disturbances, including ADHD, according to a research abstract

that will be presented on Monday at SLEEP 2008, the 22nd Annual Meeting of

the Associated Professional Sleep Societies (APSS). The study, authored by

Fred Danner, PhD, of the University of Kentucky, focused on 882 high school

freshmen who provided information about their sleep habits and school grades

and also completed psychological and behavioral assessments. According to

the results, students reported sleeping, on average, 7.6 hours per school night,

with 48 percent reporting less than eight hours. Hours of sleep per school night

were significantly positively associated with GPA and level of motivation, and

significantly negatively associated with clinically significant levels of emotional

disturbance and ADHD. Each additional hour of sleep on school nights lowered

the odds of scoring in the clinically significant range of emotional disturbance

and ADHD by 25 percent and 34 percent, respectively.

Local Literature

1. Sleep Loss and Risk-Taking Behavior. Sleep loss is common problem with

a wide range of consequences. One possible consequence of sleep loss may

be risk-taking behavior (RTB). The present review examined the empirical

literature on the relationship between sleep loss and RTB. We found 23 studies

that met inclusion criteria. Overall, sleep loss was positively associated with

RTB, and there was evidence that changes in sleep loss are causally related

to changes in RTB. One possible mediator of the relationship between sleep

loss and RTB was reduced functioning of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex

(VMPFC). Possible moderators of this relationship included type of RTB

measure and general versus specific RTB. We discussed limitations and

recommendations for future research in this area. (Womack,2012).

2. Sleep problems, loss of focus may be signs of mental illness

ZAMBOANGA CITY, October 8 (PIA) –Chronic difficulty in sleeping and

inability to focus at work, school or in any other aspect of life can be early signs

of an impending mental illness, and people who experience this are advised to

see a psychiatrist immediately. Dr. Dreiza Hakim Castillo, a psychiatrist at the

Zamboanga City Medical Center (ZCMC) advises people who experience

these symptoms that include severe depression to immediately seek

professional help. “There is nothing to be ashamed of,” she explains. “Most

people would think that these signs are normal, but slowly, cumulatively they

can become very damaging.”

3. Philips raises awareness of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Philippines

Philips, Sleep Society of Philippines and Centuria Medical Makati, hosted

the Sleep Apnea Forum to educate healthcare professionals in the diagnosis

and treatment of OSA Obstructive Sleep Apnea and lifestyle habits contribute

to sleep deprivation in the Philippines Manila, Philippines – According to the

2016 Healthy Living Index Survey, Filipinos have one of the highest rates of

sleep deprivation in Asia; 46% of Filipinos do not get enough sleep while 32%

said they sleep for less than six hours. This mirrors a lifestyle challenge that

urbanites worldwide are grappling with. In the 2017 Philips’ Unfiltered Sleep: A

Global Prioritization Puzzle , an international survey which looked at how

people across the globe perceive, prioritize and prepare for sleep, more than 8

in 10 adults (84%) say that a variety of activities take precedence over a good

night’s sleep. Beyond lifestyle habits, one of the most common causes of poor

sleep quality is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a condition that disrupts the

sleep cycle and affects one’s energy, intellectual performance and long-term

health. Due to collapsed airways, a patient with OSA stops breathing

repeatedly thereby disrupting sleep. The disorder often goes undiagnosed due

to the lack of awareness both on the part of the patients as well as primary care

physicians. Untreated OSA in the long-run can result in life-threatening

conditions such as cardiovascular diseases; type 2 diabetes, abnormal heart

rhythms, high blood pressure and even stroke.

4. Literature search: Students' sleep problems and school management.

Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia is well-regarded as an effective

 treatment for insomnia in adults. Previous studies also suggest that CBT-i can

be successfully applied to adolescents experiencing insomnia and other sleep

problems, which most commonly involve delayed sleep timing. The

recommended treatment involves a combined program of morning bright light

therapy, stimulus control therapy, and education about sleep hygiene.

Improving sleep pattern regularity by getting up earlier on weekends (i.e., at a

time closer to the weekday wake-up time) can play a particularly important role

in increasing total sleep time during the week and decreasing daytime

sleepiness. Recent research suggests that the school classroom may be a

promising arena for the dissemination of sleep interventions for adolescents.

However, many of the earlier studies in this area have been plagued by

problems such as inappropriate outcome measures, small sample size, lack of

control group, and lack of follow-up data (Neralie Cain , n.d.)

5. Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of DLSL

Accountancy Students. “Lack of sleep should no longer be considered a

traditional adolescent rite of passage because it can have serious

consequences” (McCann, 2008). Students should not make it a habit to stay

up late at night. Porpova (2013) claims that chronic sleep deprivation in

adolescents reduces the brain’s capacity to learn new information and can lead

to emotional issues like depression and aggression. Also, an article of

Hackethal (2013) has shown that sleep deprivation might affect the frontal

lobes of the brain which controls decision-making functions. Even teenagers

still need to get enough sleep to avoid suffering the consequences of being
 sleep deprived. According to Peri (2010), sleepiness slows down one’s thought

processes and it impairs

Local Study

1. Study links college students' grades to sleep schedules (CNN) — Staying

up late to cram for an early exam may not be doing college students any good,

according to a new study focused on college students and their sleep patterns.

The study, published Monday in the journal Scientific Reports, says college

students who did not go to bed or wake up at consistent times every day were

more likely to have lower grades. For the study, 61 students from Harvard

College kept online diaries of their sleep schedules for 30 days. Researchers

identified two groups: regular sleepers, or those who went to bed and woke up

about the same time every day, and irregular sleepers, who had different sleep

patterns every day. Sleep problems, loss of focus may be signs of mental

illness By Myra Cel EspinosaPublished On October 9, 2018 ZAMBOANGA

CITY, October 8 (PIA) –Chronic difficulty in sleeping and inability to focus at

work, school or in any other aspect of life can be early signs of an impending

mental illness, and people who experience this are advised to see a psychiatrist

immediately. Dr. Dreiza Hakim Castillo, a psychiatrist at the Zamboanga City

Medical Center (ZCMC) advises people who experience these symptoms that

include severe depression to immediately seek professional help. “There is

nothing to be ashamed of,” she explains. “Most people would think that these

signs are normal, but slowly, cumulatively they can become very damaging.”
2. Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive and Physical Performance in

University Students. Sleep deprivation is common among university students,

and has been associated with por academic performance and physical

dysfunction. However, current literature has narrow focus in regard to domains

tested, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a night of sleep deprivation

on cognitive and physical performance in students. A randomized controlled

crossover study was carried out with 64 participants. Participantswere

randomized into two conditions: normal sleep or one night sleep deprivation.

Sleep deprivation was monitored using an online time-stamped questionnaire

at 45 min intervals, completed in the participant’s homes. The outcome were

cognitive: working memory, executive function; and physical : reaction time,

lung function , rate of perceived exertion ,heart rate and blood pressure during

submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. These findings indicate that

acute sleep deprivation can have an impact on physical but not cognitive ability

in young and healthy university students. (Yusuf Patrick, Alice Lee, Oishik

Raha,, Kavya Pillai, Shubham Gupta, Sonika Sethi, Felicite Mukeshimana,

Loothaire Gerard Mohammad Moghal, Sohag Saleh, Susan Smith, Mary Morell

and James Moss, 2017).

3. Lessen school hours in all region of the Philippines. Students in the

Philippines are often sleep deprived because of loaded school works. These

students need to be given ample time for rest, since this is how they regain

their energy every day. A 7 am to 4 pm class schedule is too hectic for the

students thus giving them a hard time to adjust. Students sleep late due to their
 requirements and they're also required to wake up very early in the morning.

Students tend to sleep in their first classes, thus affecting their academic

performance. We propose an 8 am - 3:30 pm schedule at best to give the

students at least one more hour to prepare and rest their minds and bodies.

(Ashley Danielle Morales , n.d.).

4. Lack of sleep can affect genes. Lack of sleep does more than give you

eyebags. New research has found that getting less than the recommended 7

to 9 hours of sleep may affect even your genes.A study published in

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of

America revealed that one week of not getting enough sleep “alters gene

expression in human blood cells,” changing the activity of over 700 different

genes.The affected genes control bodily functions like circadian rhythm or our

internal clock, inflammation, stress response and metabolism. Genes that

usually change throughout the day to adjust to the body’s activities stop

responding to night and day.

5. This sleep-deprived nation. One major phenomenon that has been gradually

eroding the health of the Philippines is lack of sleep. From the effects of

unbearable traffic to the explosion of the business process outsourcing industry

to the geometric rise of Internet usage nationwide, millions of Filipinos are

choosing to sleep less and less, with dangerous effects. We seem to think that

staying awake to finish work is the lesser evil. It isn’t. It is a danger we have to

address, and soon. Studies have shown that, in the last few decades, children

(and therefore, adults) have been sleeping less and less. Adults whose parents
enforced strict bedtime rules have been found to function more efficiently at

work and sleep more than hour more than those who grew up with no rules on

when to sleep. Other research showed that if you deprive a healthy adult of

sleep for six straight days, his body chemistry will resemble that of someone

literally twice his age, and it will take him a full week to get his metabolism back

to normal.
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

As indicated in the title, this chapter includes the research methodology and design

of the study. In more details, in this section the researchers outlines the method of

research, the respondents of the study, locale of study, research instrument, data

gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of this study.

3.1 Method of Research

For the purposes of this research, the researchers decided to use the social

science research tool — questionnaires (Galton, 2013). The questionnaires will be

distributed among the selected Grade 12 students in Academia de San Lorenzo. As a

complementary method, the researchers conducted surveys with an equal number of

selected number of students.

3.2 Respondents of the Study

The target respondent for this study include the students of Academia de San

Lorenzo Dema-ala Inc from Elementary level to College level since the study is about lack

of sleep of students.

3.3 Locale of Study

This study is conducted at the students in Academia de San Lorenzo Dema-ala

Inc. A private school that is located at Tialo, Sto. Cristo, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan.
3.4 Research Instrument

This study seeks to evaluate the effects of lack of sleep to the academic

performance of selected students in Academia de San Lorenzo Dema-ala Inc. The

researchers used survey for the purposes of the study. Questionnaires contains 4 parts

including the demographic profile of the respondents, the causes and effects of sleep

deprivation and the effect to their academic performance.

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

For the purposes of this research, in depth survey were used. The researcher

personally administered the research instrument to the respondents.

A questionnaire was used in gathering data. The questionnaire has 4 parts; (1)

The demographic profile of respondents, (2) the causes of sleep deprivation, (3) the

effects of sleep deprivation and (4) the effect of sleep deprivation to their academic

performance. A questionnaire was a printed self-report form designed to record

information that can be obtained through the written responses of the subjects.

The respondent was given at least 15 to 20 minutes to accomplish the forms to

prevent them from giving rush and hurried responses. After the questionnaire have been

accomplished, the results were enumerate and tabulated. These data became the bases

of analysis and interpretation.

3.6 Statistical Treatment

For a clear description and analysis of data collection the following statistical

treatments were used in the study.

1. Percentage

To determine the percentage of the demographic and economic profile of

the pupil respondents, the researcher used the percentage formula:

𝒇
%= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒏

Where :

% = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝑓 = 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DATA

This chapter focuses on the results, analysis and interpretation of data gathered by the

researchers. The presentation of tables are parallel to the statement of the problem.

Profile of Student Respondents

The result of the survey conducted is shown in this part as far as the profile of the

respondents is concerned. Data were tabulated according to the gender of the

respondents.

Table 1.1

Student’s Profile According to their Gender

Gender Frequency/ Respondents Percentage (%)

Male 13 65%

Female 7 35%

Total 20 100%
 In this table 1.1, the readers will see that majority of the student respondents were

male, 13 or 65% and the female is 7 or 35%. Based on our study most of the male

students are having sleep deprivation because of using too much gadgets and that

causes them to unable to focuses on their classes.

The researchers are also considered the grade level of the respondents as shown

in the table below. Respondents were categorized according to their grade level.

Table 1.2

Student’s Profile According Grade Level

Grade Level Frequency/ Respondents Percentage (%)

Junior High School 10 50 %

Senior High School 10 50 %

Total 20 100 %

The table 1.2 shows the grade level of the respondents. In Junior High school there are

10 or 50% and in Senior High School there are 10 or 50% respondents. This shows that

some students have sleep deprivation and the respondents also said that it because of

school project and activities.

 Table 1.3

Effects of Sleep Deprivation Frequency/ Respondents Percentage (%)

Using gadgets too much 11 55

Project and assignments 9 45

Total 20 100

Table 1.3 shows the causes of sleep deprivation. It can be seen that 11 students or 55%

answered using gadgets too much; the rest of the students which is 9 or 45% were

projects and assignments. According to a study, the child will likely to become overweight

and develop seizure and vision problems when they spend too much time using gadgets.

Table 1.4

Effects of Sleep Frequency/ Respondents Percentage (%)

Deprivation to Academic

Performance

Unable to concentrate 15 75

during class

Memory issue 5 25

Total 20 100

The table 1.4 shows the effects of sleep deprivation to academic performance of the

respondents. It can be seen that 15 or 75% of our respondents answered Unable to

concentrate during class, and only 5 or 25% of our respondents answered Memory
issues. Majority of our respondents who are experiencing Sleep deprivation are unable

to concentrate or cope up during their class.

Table 1.5

Effects of Sleep Deprivation Frequency/ Respondents Percentage (%)

Makes you forgetful 6 30

Mood changes 12 60

Gain weight 2 10

Total 20 100

The table 1.5 reveals the most effects of sleep deprivation among the students. The first

one is sleepiness makes you forgetful. According to doctors poor sleep can cause loss

memory. During sleep a person brain is processing information and forming memories.

When a person are sleep deprived they are at risk of developing a serious health problem.

The next category is mood changes. Lack of sleep can changes a person mood

significally. It causes irritability and anger with stress. And lastly gain weights sleep

deprivation irregulate the hunger and appetite. Lack of sleep makes a person to eat more

at night which lead to weight gain.

Table 1.6

STRAND Frequency/ Respondents Percentage (%)

ABM 2 10

STEM 11 55

HUMSS 5 25

GAS 1 5
 H.E. 1 5

ICT 0 0

AUTOMOTIVE 0 0

Total 20 100

Table 1.6 signifies that among the strands, STEM students are the most affected and

participated in the conducted survey. It can be seen that 11 students out of 20

respondents came from STEM strands and followed by 5 students from HUMSS.
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter focuses on the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations

regarding the study that the researchers had concluded pertaining to the Factors Affecting

Lack of Sleep and their Relationship to Academic Performance of Students.

Summary of Findings

After conducting the study, the researchers had the following findings:

Majority of the student respondents are male and they are having sleep deprivation

because of using too much gadgets while female students are doing school projects and

other school activities.

The researchers found out that half of the respondents are in Juniors High School and

the other half are in Senior High School. Based on the study, all of the respondents are

having the inability to sleep well at night.

The researchers found out that they had different causes of sleep deprivation such as the

use of gadgets too much, working on school projects and activities, overthinking and

anxiety.

There are a lot of effects of sleep deprivation to the academic performance of the

students. Based on the respondents, they are unable to concentrate during school hours

and some are having memory issues because their brain are not functioning well.
This study reveals the most effect of lack of sleep among students. The first one is

sleepiness makes us forgetful because according to professionals, lack of sleep can

cause loss of memory. The researchers found out that when a person is sleep deprived

they are at risk of having a serious health problem. Lack of sleep can changes a person's

mood significantly.

Conclusion

As the researchers have obtained the results of this study, they concluded that all

of the respondents were suffering sleep deprivation. Some of the respondents said that

they spend most of their time using gadgets and doing home works causing them to have

lack of sleep that is resulting them to be forgetful, mood changes or gain weight. Getting

enough of sleep at least 7-8 hours is a key to function well and for a healthy lifestyle.

The researchers also concluded that pupils who are suffering sleep deprivation is

affecting their academic performance due to memory issue and being unable to

concentrate in class. The researchers found out that there is a significant relationship

between the factors affecting lack of sleep and to the academic performance of the

students.

Recommendation

1. Educate the student on how to limit themselves by using gadgets to avoid having

sleep deprivation. Tell them that adolescent like them need nine hours of sleep

each night to be engaged and productive students. Less than seven hours is

considered to be insufficient sleep and has the possibility to be distracted, that can

affect on their academic performances in school.

2. To the future researchers, make the test for those pupils who is experiencing sleep

deprivation. The cover of the test is the topic or the cause and effect of having

sleep deprivation. The purpose of the test is to know if the pupil can be distracted

in school for being sleep deprived.

3. It is essential that parents observe and monitor their child’s sleeping schedule to

ensure they are not suffering from lack of sleep. Parents must assess their children

weekly schedule together and see if they are overcommitted. Help them to trim

activities if they are. Decide together on appropriate time limits for any stimulating

activity such as homework or screen time. Encourage restful activities during the

evening, such as reading. Help them to better schedule their after-school

commitments to free up time for rest and sleep. In summary, it is important for

children to get a good quality and quantity of sleep each night. Once they have

achieved these, parents can be confident that their children can fill their potential.

4. Students should be taught about the influence of sleep on their brains, especially

regarding mood and memory. Self-observations, using a sleep diary, will help them

see the strong correlation between adequate sleep and their ability to stay awake

and effectively focus in school and on homework. Further motivation will come

when they see the relationship between their sleep and better moods, test scores,

homework successes, and physical performances. After completing the diary,

engage students in a class discussion about their findings. Help them to recognize

the correlation between proper hours of sleep, how they feel the next day, and the

impact of sleep on their emotional state and academic powers. How did their sleep

hours influence their alertness and memory of homework the following day?
When they see how sleep can cement their studying, they will be more motivated

to make sure their hours of study result in permanent memories so that they won’t

have to study the same material again for the final exam. After they recognize the

importance of sleep, advise them on how they can get the most from their study

time. Explain that if they review their notes thoroughly, stop, and go to sleep when

they begin to feel drowsy, thus helping them get adequate sleep, the quality and

quantity of retained memory is far better than working while tired.

 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Direction: Read the question carefully and shade your best answer.

NAME: ______________________________________________

1. What is the demographic profile of the student?

A. AGE

o 10-15

o 16-20

o 20 and above

B. GENDER

o Male

o Female

C. STRAND (OPTIONAL)

o Accountancy , Business and Management Strand

o Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand

o Humanities and Social Science Strand

o General Academic Strand

o Home Economics Strand

o Information and Communication Technology Strand

o Automotive strand

D. GRADE LEVEL

o Elementary

o Junior High
 o Senior High

o College

2. What are the cause of your sleep deprivation?

o Using gadgets too much

o Projects and Assignments

3. What are the effect of your sleep deprivation?

o Sleepiness Makes You Forgetful

o Mood changes

o Gain weight

4. What are the effects of sleep deprivation to academic performance of the

students?

o Unable to concentrate during class

o Memory issue
 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Direction : Read the question carefully and shade your best answer.

NAME: ______________________________________________

5. What is the demographic profile of the student?

E. AGE

o 10-15

o 16-20

o 20 and above

F. GENDER

o Male

o Female

G. STRAND (OPTIONAL)

o Accountancy , Business and Management Strand

o Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand

o Humanities and Social Science Strand

o General Academic Strand

o Home Economics Strand

o Information and Communication Technology Strand

o Automotive strand

H. GRADE LEVEL

o Elementary

o Junior High
 o Senior High

o College

6. What are the cause of your sleep deprivation?

o Using gadgets too much

o Projects and Assignments

7. What are the effect of your sleep deprivation?

o Sleepiness Makes You Forgetful

o Mood changes

o Gain weight

8. What are the effects of sleep deprivation to academic performance of the

students?

o Unable to concentrate during class

o Memory issue
ROCHELLE YRA O. BARRIOS

Blk 11 lot 39 Aquino st. Brgy. Graceville CSJDM Bulacan

| 09776872630

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday : June 10, 2002

Birthplace : Quezon City

Civil status : single

Parents : Mrs. Ma. Cecilia O. Barrios

Mr. Romeo C. Barrios

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

 Senior highschool

Academia De San Lorenzo Dema-Ala Inc.

2018-2020

 Secondary
Graceville National Highschool

2014-2015

 Primary
Graceville Elementary School

2008-2014
Erika Brigatay

Address : 158 Gumaok East SJDM Bulacan

Mobile : 09389472601

Email : ebrigatay@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: June 20, 2000

Birth Place: San Jose Del Monte Bulacan

Civil Status: Single

Parents: Nenita R. Brigatay

Annastacio R. Amat

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

 Senior High School

Academia De San Lorenzo Dema-ala Inc.

2018-present

 Junior High School

Paradise Farms National High School.

2014-2018

 Elementary

Tungkong Mangga Elementary School.

2007-2014
IONA A. LABRAGUE

No. 1237 blk.12 Gumaoc west City of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan
09366060489
swiftiona@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday : February 17,2001

Birth place : East avenue, Quezon City

Civil status : Single

Parents : Mrs. Mila Labrague

Mr. Roger Labrague

EDUCATIONAL B ACKGROUND

 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL
Academia De San Lorenzo Dema-Ala Inc.

2018-2020

 Secondary
Paradise Farms National Highschool

2014-2018

 Primary
Gumaoc Elementary School

2007-2013
LEYANNE AIRA E. MENESES

Block 16 Lot 32 Phase 4a Towerville, City of San Jose Del Monte,

Bulacan

Email: airameneses93gmail.com

Mobile: 09958213905

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: December 1, 2001

Birthplace: Malabon, Metro Manila

Civil Status: Single

Parents: Mr. Jose P. Meneses

Mrs. Raquel E. Meneses

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

 Senior High School:

Accountancy, Business and Management Strand
Academia de San Lorenzo Dema-ala Inc. (2018-2020)
 Junior High School:
Tinajeros National High School (2014-2018)
 Primary School:
Acacia Elementary School (2008-2014)
MELADINE D. SARMIENTO

Road 3. Minuyan II City of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan

0926 9938 559
Sarmientomeladine@gmail.com

Personal Information

Birthday : October 9, 2001

Birth place : San Jose Del Monte Bulacan

Civil status : Single

Parents : Mrs. Milagros Sarmiento

Mr. Manolito Sarmiento

Educational Background

 Senior Highschool
Academia De San Lorenzo Dema-Ala Inc.

(Accountancy and business management)

2018-2020

 Junior Highschool
Living Image Academy

2015-2018

 Primary School
Living Image Academy

2007-2014
MAURENE Q. TOLDANES

1541-B Saint Peter St. CBY Barracks II Tala Caloocan City

0908 103 2506

Aliensharts@gmail.com

Personal Information

Birthday : April 13 , 2002

Birth place : Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital

Civil status :Single

Parents : Mr. Renato C. Toldanes

Mrs. Marivic Q. Toldanes

Educational Background

 Senior High school

Academia De San Lorenzo Dema-Ala Inc.

(Accountancy and business management)

2018-2020

 Junior High school

Manuel Luis Quezon High School

2014-2018

 Primary School
Tala Elementary School

2007-2014