Notes – Variables Defining Gas Laws (Pressure, Temperature, Moles, Volume)

I. Assumption of an ideal gas

1) 2)
3) 4)

II. Pressure
A. Definition and formula

B. Instrument used to measure

C. Common units used

= 101.325 kPa

Ex: Convert 0.890 atm to mmHg Ex: Convert 0.890 atm to kPa

III. Temperature

A. Definition

B. Temperature Scales

o
Ex: Convert 262 K to C

C. Absolute Zero

D. Speed of Gases
2
If KE = ½ mv : At same temperature, ________________ gases move more slowly than ______________ gases.

IV. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

A. Definition

B. Formula

Ex: Total air pressure is 760 mmHg. If 78% is nitrogen and 20% is oxygen, what is the partial pressure of these
gases?

C. Collection of gas

D. Formula used when collecting gas over water

VAPOR PRESSURE TABLE

Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees

Celsius mm Hg Celsius mm Hg Celsius mm Hg Celsius mm Hg Celsius mm Hg Celsius mm Hg

0 4.6 8 8 16 13.6 24 22.4 40 55.3 80 355.1

1 4.9 9 8.6 17 14.5 25 23.8 45 71.9 85 433.6
2 5.3 10 9.2 18 15.5 26 25.2 50 92.5 90 525.8
3 5.6 11 9.8 19 16.5 27 26.7 55 118 95 633.9
4 6.1 12 10.5 20 17.5 28 28.3 60 149.4 100 760
5 6.5 13 11.2 21 18.7 29 30 65 187.5 105 906.1
6 7 14 12 22 19.8 30 31.8 70 233.7 110 1074.6
7 7.5 15 12.8 23 21.1 35 42.2 75 289.1 115 1269.9
Note: STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure
o
Standard Temperature = 0 C = 273 K
Standard Pressure = 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.325 kPa

Gas laws can be defined by 4 variables:

_______________________, ______________________, ________________________ and ___________________

When other variables remain constant,

1) explain relationship (direct or inverse) between listed variables,
2) graph the result, and
3) describe situation on a molecular level.

V. Boyle’s Law (P and V)

P
V

VI. Charles’ Law (V and T)

VII. Avogadro’s Law (n and V)

VIII. Gay-Lussac’s Law (P and T)