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Fashion and clothing

in the Philippines

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A Filipino lady, 1897
1890s woman wearing the Maria Clara dress

The Boxer Codex, showing the attire of a Classical

period Filipino, made of silk and cotton.

Fashion and clothing in the Philippines

refers to the way the people of Filipino
society dress up in instances such as
while they are at home, at work,
travelling and when attending special
occasions.

The clothing style and fashion sense of

the Filipinos in the modern-day era have
been influenced by their native
ancestors, the Spanish colonizers and
the Americans, as evidenced by the
chronology of events that occurred in
Philippine history. At present, Filipinos
conform their way of dressing, in
addition to the above factors, as a result
of the influence of what is shown by the
media on television, fashion shows,
among others.

Apart from colonial influences and media

influence, the Filipino style of clothing
had been dictated by the climate in the
Philippines. With a tropical climate (dry
and rainy seasons), early Filipinos – as
well as the still extant tribal groups in the
Philippines – wore colorful woven
clothes, often with intricate beadwork
and other ornaments. Other items of
native clothing during pre-Spanish
Philippines were the canga and the
bahag. The canga is a type of a
collarless shirt – which later became
adorned with laces, trimmings, buttons,
and a collar – was where from the
Barong Tagalog evolved. On the other
hand, the bahag was a type of loincloth
or G-string.

Present-day Filipinos, due to climatic

reasons, prefer to wear T-shirts
combined with maong (jeans) trousers
for men and skirts for women. The "jeans
and T-shirts" combination was
introduced to the Filipinos by the
Americans.

A common attire while at home are

ordinary puruntongs (singular:
puruntong, a type of pair of shorts or
Capri pants) combined with sleeveless
shirts or T-shirts. During the rainy season
and cold evenings in December and
January, some Filipinos wear hooded
jackets.

Evolution of Philippine
fashion
Archaic epoch (10th – 16th ...

century)

An ancient form of Barong tagalog in Boxer Codex

(c. 1500s)
Attire of a young woman

During the archaic epoch, before the

colonizers from Europe reached the
islands, the different tribes and
kingdoms wore their respective clothing.
The Filipino style of clothing had been
dictated by the tropical climate in the
Philippines, with a dry and rainy season.
Early Filipinos – as well as the still extant
tribal groups in the Philippines – wore
colorful woven clothes, often with
"intricate beadwork" and other
ornaments.

The men wore pants or a loincloth and

usually went topless, as well as wearing
tattoos symbolizing power and strength
as a warrior; while women went either
topless or wore a robe-like dress.

Prior to the Spanish Era, the Tagalogs of

Luzon already wore a garment that was
a forerunner of the Barong Tagalog – the
Baro.[1] Earliest reference to the Baro
was in the historical account of Ma-i
(Pre-Colonial name for the Philippines)
that the Filipinos wore a sleeve-doublet
of rough cotton cloth called kanga,
reaching slightly below the waist. It was
collarless and had an opening in front.
The doublets indicated the social status
and badge of courage of a man; red was
for the Chiefs and the bravest, while
black and white were for the ordinary
citizens. Their loins were covered with
colored Bahague between legs to mid-
thigh.
The early pre-colonial clothing of groups
such as the Tagalogs and Visayans
included both the baro and saya made
from silk in matching colours. This style
was exclusively worn by the women
from the upper caste, while those of
lower castes wore baro made from
pounded white bark fiber, and a floor-
length wrap-around skirt. Women
usually wore jewelry, such as gold
necklaces and earrings, which
symbolized wealth and beauty. In some
tribes, women also wore tattoos
signifying beauty, power and wealth.
A fashion for a royal visayans

In contrast, the Visayans wore clothes

similar to that of Indonesians and
Malaysians. They wore a robe called
Marlota or jacket called Baquero without
a collar that reached the feet. The robes
or jackets were brightly coloured. The
Tagalogs and the Visayans bound their
foreheads and temples with long, narrow
strips of cloth called Putong. Necks were
covered with gold necklaces, and wrists
with golden armlets called Calombigas –
these had intricate patterns. Others
would wear precious stones.[2]

The usual male headdress was the

pudong, a turban; though in Panay, both
men and women also wore a head cloth
or bandana called saplung. Commoners
wore pudong of rough abaca cloth
wrapped around only a few turns so that
it was more of a headband than a turban
and was therefore called pudong-
pudong – as the crowns and diadems on
Christian images were later called. A red
pudong was called magalong, and was
the insignia of braves who had killed an
enemy.

When Humabon's queen went to hear

mass during Magellan's visit, she was
preceded by three girls carrying one of
her hats. A headdress from Cebu with a
deep crown, used by both sexes for
travel on foot or by boat, was called
sarok, which actually meant to go for
water.[3]

Left to right: [1] Silver‑inlaid Salakot, San Pablo,

Laguna; [2] Tortoise-shell and silver Salakot.

The Islamic kingdoms in Mindanao

especially the Maranao people have a
fashion article for the female called
malong, which is a tubeskirt or a light
blanket wrapped around the body. More
prestigious clothes, lihin-lihin, were
added for public appearances and
especially on formal occasions –
blouses and tunics, loose smocks with
sleeves, capes, or ankle-length robes.[3]

Spanish Era: New Spain (1521–

1799) ...
Filipino women's fashion, 1700s - 1840s

When the Spaniards came and settled in

the country, the fashion changed
drastically as the Spanish culture
influenced the succeeding centuries of
Philippine history. The Spanish dissolved
the kingdoms and united the country,
resulting in a mixture of cultures from
different ethnic groups and Spanish
culture.

Throughout the 16th century up to the

18th century, women wore a
Hispanicized version of the Baro't saya,
composed of a bodice – called a
camisa, often made in pineapple fiber or
muslin – and a floor length skirt, while
the men wore the Barong Tagalog, a
collared and buttoned lace shirt or a suit.

Spanish Era: Spanish East Indies

(1800–1899) ...
Depiction of 19th Century family belonging in the
Principalia Class wearing typical Maria Clara dress
and Barong Tagalog

By the 19th century, due to the

continuing influence of the Western
culture, the rising economy,
globalization, and exposure from the
European fashion scene, the women's
clothing began to have a change; by the
1850s, women's clothing was now full
wide skirts that usually have long train
rather than the simple floor length skirts,
a bodice called camisa which means
blouse in English and a panuelo, a big
square cloth folded triangularly and worn
in the Philippines like a great ruffle or
collar. The attire is composed of four
pieces, namely the camisa, the saya, the
pañuelo (a scarf, also spelled panuelo)
and the tapis. The camisa is a collarless
chemise whose hem is at the waist, and
is made from flimsy, translucent fabrics
such as pineapple fiber and jusi. The
sleeves of the camisa are similar to the
so-called "angel wings", or shaped like
bells that have cuffs. The pañuelo is a
stiff covering for the neck, which acts as
an accent piece because of
embellishments added to it. The purpose
of the pañuelo is related to modesty,
used to cover the low-necked camisa'.
The saya is a skirt shaped like a bubble
with a length that begins from the waist
reaching the floor. These are usually
comprised either of single or double
sheets, called "panels" or dos panos (lit.
"two panels/layers"); some examples are
made out of seven gores or siete
cuchillos (lit. "seven knives"). The tapis is
a knee-length over-skirt that hugs the
hips. Tapis designs may be plain, and is
usually made of opaque fabrics such as
muslin and the madras cloth, and also is
used for the purposes of modesty as it
keeps the lower torso from showing due
to the thinness of the saya. Also, when
going to the church or attending mass,
the women usually wore a veil above
their heads, similar to other Catholic
countries at that time.

The men also continued to wear but a

more intricate version Barong Tagalog, a
collarless shirt originated from the ethnic
cloth called canga. Throughout the
centuries the Barong Tagalog has
evolved. Buttons and collars were
added, as well as intricate designs on its
pina fabric and laces. Underneath the
transparent Barong Tagalog is the
Camisa de Chino a type of shirt, usually
in white that said to have been originated
from the Chinese.

The women wore this kind of fashion

even when the Spanish Regime was
finally overthrown and was replaced by
the First Philippine Republic. Today, this
type of clothing is now called as the
"Maria Clara" dress, named after the
character of Maria Clara from Dr. Jose
Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere who
became a symbol of the traditional
Filipino woman, known as modest,
elegant and conservative.
American Era (1900s–1920s) ...

The traje de mestiza ensemble rose in popularity

during the 1900s. This example is from the late
1920s to the early 1930s, its silhouette influenced
by the flapper dress
When the Americans came and became
the second country to colonize the
islands, the fashion remained the same
for the first five years of the 20th century.
But it has started to change and became
more modern in contrast to the
conservative style of the previous
centuries as the Americans started to
influence the modern Filipino culture.

The women then wore the Traje de

Mestiza, the more modern version of the
Maria Clara. It had bigger sleeves and a
narrower floor length skirt with a long
train called saya de cola and replaced
the full wide skirt reflecting the
Edwardian Fashion of the West.

By the 1920s, the style of the skirt still

remained, influenced by the flapper
dress; however, the wide sleeves had
been replaced by butterfly sleeves
(popularized by local couturier Pacita
Longos), and the big pañuelo reduced its
size. Such trends had gained
prominence especially during the annual
Manila Carnivals of the 1920s and
through the 1930s. Some Filipino women
who had lived in United States and in
Europe wore the western 1920s fashion
with loose dresses and knee length skirt.

Men wore the Americana, the suit and

coat worn in the West, mostly Americans
(hence the name), replacing the
traditional Barong Tagalog.

Commonwealth Era and Second

World War (1930s–1940s) ...

By the 1930s, young adult women and

children finally abandoned the typical
"Traje de Mestiza" as everyday wear and
started to wear floral printed dresses
with mid-calf length shirts. Though many
women embraced the western ideals,
the typical "Traje de Mestiza" was not
fully gone. The elders and middle aged
women still wore the traditional dress
while the young adults considered it only
as a formal dress for events such as
carnivals, galas, etc.

In the 1930s, the Philippines was famous

for its beauty pageants and carnivals
that drew tourists from around the world,
and resulted in influencing the fashion
and beauty standards of the Filipino
women. The women wore more
elaborate and intricate dresses. The
"Traje de Mestiza" was still popular to the
people through the 1930s. Men's fashion
remained the same as they continued to
wear the "Americana" suit.

When 1940s came, the Philippines saw

the breaking out of World War II resulting
in the shortage of tailoring shops,
clothing boutiques and dressmaking
factories as the country was occupied by
the Japanese Empire. The austerity era
started when rations were implemented
and the women wore simpler clothing.
The terno gradually disappeared and
stopped being manufactured. Only the
older people wore their old terno
dresses. Clothing boutiques only sold
monochromatic dresses, mostly in dark
tones. The shirtwaist dresses of the
previous decade also became popular in
the 1940s with a simpler look.

The men's fashion still remained

unchanged but became a more casual
as started abandoning the coat as a
casual wear, and wore it only for formal
wear.

During the mid-1940s, the clothing

boutiques, tailoring shops, and
dressmakers stopped operation as the
final chapter of the World War II
occurred in the Philippines. The capital
city of Manila was bombed and was left
80% destroyed, and was considered
being the second most devastated
capital city in World War II,[4] next only to
Warsaw.
After the war, most of the people either
lost their clothes or could not find new
clothes. In 1946, the country began its
reparation and Manila's restoration.
However, the lack of dressmakers made
the fashion of the 1930s and early 1940s
remain popular for the rest of the
decade.

1950s ...
The Filipiniana/Terno gown, the modernized Traje
de Mestiza rose to popularity as a formal attire
during latter half of the 20th Century.

When the decade started, the country

saw the rise of economy, once again
giving opportunities for people to have
more necessities and live in the normal
life. Women remained wearing the 1940s
fashion during the first five years of the
decade. By the late 1950s, women
started to wear dresses and with floral
prints and fuller knee-length skirts. The
style was inspired by Christian Dior's
"New Look" collection,[5] characterized
by a below-mid-calf length, full-skirt,
pointed bust, small waist, and rounded
shoulder line. Summer and Day dresses
became popular, as well as the pencil
skirts and cardigans.
Men's fashion changed slightly as the
men started wearing youthful clothing
such as sweaters, colorful printed polos,
pants and flannels. "Chinos" became
popular as well as white tee shirt, tartan
plaids. The drape cut suits remained
popular for formal wear.

The Barong Tagalog became popular

once again to be worn as a formal wear,
popularized by the then-President
Ramon Magsaysay. The Terno was
rarely worn by young women everyday;
however, it was still worn at formal
events such as galas, national events,
government parties and film festivals.

1960s ...

When the 1960s entered, most of the

styles from the late 1950s still remained;
however, due to the rise of British pop
culture that spread in United States and
other parts of the world, fashion started
to change. A new kind of dress invented
by Mary Quant, called the miniskirt, mini
dresses started to become popular and
mod style fashions also emerged. Hair
became very stylish as the hair were
styled bigger and higher with the use of
hairspray. By the mid-1960s, the
hemlines rose and the clothes loosened,
influenced by the mod culture.

Men's fashion shifted towards a more

youthful vibe, influenced by the rising
Teenage culture seen in Hollywood and
by various Teen-oriented Filipino films
where they started wearing polos and
pants, replacing the suit and coats. Suits
and coats, as well as the Barong
Tagalog, were now only worn during
events and by the older men.

1970s ...

With the popularity of the hippie culture

in the late 1960s, many Filipinos
embraced this culture which has
continued until the early seventies. At the
same time, the rise of Filipino
Nationalism began and both movements
influenced the way people lived and
dressed. The early 1970s saw women
start to abandon mini-dresses for a more
modest clothing such as maxi skirts.
Vintage clothing from the Victorian Era of
the west also became popular as long
sleeves, laces, and collars became
popular in dresses. Bell bottom pants
started to become popular that would
continue to the rest of the decade. Men
also started to grow their hair long, the
first time ever that such style became
acceptable in Filipino society.

Men also wore Bell bottoms often in

bright colors, similar to the women. The
turtle neck became popular as well as
sweater vests, colorful bright patterned
polos and pants.

By the mid-1970s, men started wearing

t-shirts, which replaced the formal look
with a more laid-back look. Denim jeans
also started to emerge, as well as
sweatshirts.

When the disco culture emerged, the bell

bottoms became a staple. It came up
with different bright colors, as well as the
polos and scarfs. Women started
wearing sequined dresses, mostly in
miniskirts and bell bottom jeans. T-shirts
also became popular for women and the
footwear called bakya became popular.

1980s ...

Due to the power dressing movement,

women, usually young adults, also
started to wear clothes with shoulder
pads while teenagers started wearing
neon colored clothes. Miniskirts also
came back in popularity. Hairstyles were
also emphasized as most women had
their hair curled.
Men's fashion had a shift as they started
to wear brightly colored t-shirts or polo
shirts and denim jeans for a casual look,
throwing away the more formal look.
Teenage boys also wore pastel and
neon colored jackets, polos, pants, short
shorts and t-shirts. Converse All-Stars
shoes were also popular among the
teenagers.

colorful short shorts for both teen boys

and girls were also one of the huge
trends that defined the decade.
Sportswear also became popular for
everyday clothing. Leggings rose to
popularity as well as jogging pants,
headbands and legwarmers.

By 1989, a drastic change in style

emerged; a trend having oversized shirts
and pants were in style, paving way to
the 1990s loose fashion.

1990s ...

The 1990s fashion was a laid back

version of the 1980s fashion. This
decade saw the beginning of the
influence of rock music to mainstream
fashion. Men started to wear dark,
simple and mostly oversized clothes,
moving away to the brightly colored
clothes of the 1980s. Women also wore
loose, simple and casual clothing such
as oversized shirts, denim shorts, denim
jeans, simple blouses and sneakers.
Skirts weren't as popular as denim
throughout the decade. Men's hairstyles
also changed as they grew their hair
longer for the first time since the decade
of the 1970s. Also, a hairstyle called
cachupoy was considered popular
among teenage boys. It was a straight
hairstyle that has a middle parting at the
center, most teen celebrities sported this
kind of hairstyle.

It was also the decade when people

from all social classes wore the same
style of clothes, with people having a
hard time distinguishing who was from
the upper class or from the lower class
as everyone opted for a simple, laid-
back style of dressing.

2000s ...
The 1990s fashion remained popular
during the early years of the first decade
of the 21st century. 2000s fashion was
considered a mash up of different styles.
In the first part of the decade, the
concept of innerwear as an outerwear
was popularized resulting in the
popularity of spaghetti strap clothes.
Men still followed the 1990s fashion with
hip-hop inspired of clothing, wearing
cargo pants and oversized T-shirts.

By the mid 2000s, colorful clothes began

to rise again. Men started wearing
flannel and checkered polos. At the end
of the decade, people saw the mixture of
clothing from uggboots worn with short
shorts and t-shirts to dresses worn over
with leggings.

2010s ...

Due to the development of social media,

many Filipino women and men were
exposed to different styles. Also due to
the rising economy of the country for the
first time since the 1986 People Power
Revolution, as well as the constant
building of shopping malls and shopping
centers, many Filipinos began buying
more clothes.

The early 2010s began with a

continuation of some of the late-2000s
fashion; however; in 2011, a change
began as people started to move away
from the rock influenced 2000s fashion
and create a more distinctive 2010s
fashion. With the rise of social media,
most of the women began wearing
inspired clothes. Also, women became
interested in 1960s fashion and began
replicating that style. Men also began
wearing preppy clothes inspired by the
British boy band One Direction who rose
to fame in 2010. Skinny jeans and shorts
proved to be popular among the men
and these came up in different colors.

In 2013, skater skirts became popular

among teenage girls and they started
wearing more feminine clothing.

When the mid-2010s entered, women

began wearing more modest clothing as
the fashion brands started to market
1950s and 1960s inspired clothing.
Denim pants was replaced by skirts and
leggings. Men began to wear more
formal clothes.

Dresses replaced the casual t-shirts and

jeans worn by the women while Chinos
replaced the denim pants worn by men.

By the mid-2010s, many of the fashions

from the mid-1960s and mid-1990s
returned, clothing such as midi-skirts,
denim jackets, knitted sweaters, boat
shoes, etc. came back into fashion while
fashion pieces like chokers gained
prominence once again. Men's fashion
also started to move away to the
rock/hiphop-influenced styles of the past
two decades and started to define a new
style for men. 2010s hairstyles were
often defined by; loose waves for
women and slick-back hair for men.
While beauty trends include having
emphasis on the lips, and contoured
cheeks, nude color palettes were also
prominent for make-up.[6]

Traditional clothing by areas

and regions
Ethnic clothing was worn by the
members of different ethnic tribes
around the country before the Spanish
colonized the islands. Today, they are
still often worn during gatherings,
festivals, and for cultural shows.

Cordilleras ...

The modern Ifugao youth in their traditional

clothing.
Igorot ethnic outfit ...

The Igorots are indigenous people from

the Cordilleras. They are known for
wearing a piece of clothing with intricate
patterns woven by their own fellowmen.
The men's clothing consists of red
loincloth called wanes with tribal
patterns, tattoos which is a symbol for
bravery, and colorful bead necklaces.
Women's clothing are usually similar to
men's except that the women wear
wrap-around skirt or called lufid and
usually topless. In some parts of
Cordilleras such as the Igorots in
Benguet, women wrap their breasts with
a very detailed wrap-around clothing.

Baro't Saya ...

The traditional Baro't Saya was worn by

the lowland people in Filipinas. It
includes the blouse called "baro" and a
skirt called "saya". It is the Archetype of
every Filipiniana dress that has evolved
through out the colonial era of the
Philippines. Today, the dress represents
the rural life in the Philippines.
Urban areas ...

Maria Clara Dress ...

Being the capital which is also located in

the lowland Urban area, Manila people
often wore more elaborate version of
Baro't Saya with wide full skirts rather
than the simple skirt. Throughout the
17th-18th century, this clothing also
became popular to the upper and middle
class Filipinos from other parts of the
country, mostly urban areas such as
Cebu, Iloilo, Negros Occidental and
many more. Today, it is now known as
the Maria Clara gown which represents
the Spanish colonial history of the
country as well as the aristocracy of the
Filipino people.

During the American period, the design

drastically changed from a wide full skirt
to a more modern look and then again
changed into the current Filipiniana
popularized by Imelda Marcos in the
1960s. Men wore Barong Tagalog but
with also a more elaborate and intricate
designs.
Visayas ...

Kimona and Patadyong ...

In the islands of the Visayas regions, the

Kimona represents Visayan clothing.
Most Visayan lowland people wear the
typical Kimona, a type of Baro't Saya
blouse matching with a knee-length
skirt. Kimona is typically a transparent
piece of clothing made of pineapple
fiber while the skirt is usually either floor-
length or knee-length printed with the
Patadyong pattern, hence getting the
name Patadyong skirt. The dress is often
accompanied with a handkerchief called
tubao and is often placed above the right
shoulder.

Mindanao ...

A men's clothing from Mindanao exhibiting at the

Bunka Gakuen Costume Museum in Tokyo, Japan.
In Mindanao, there is large mintority of
the people are practicing Islam,
therefore following the Islamic culture.
Women wear a hijab, a long-sleeved top
and a floor-length skirt, while men wear
polos and pants together with a hat
called taqiyah. Non Islamic people follow
Visayan-like fashion.

Women's clothing
Baro't Saya (literally "Shirt and Skirt") is
the Filipino style of women's clothing.
Traditionally, it is composed of a blouse
and a long skirt with a "panuelo". It
evolved many variants, some are
regional. The upper-class women wore
more elaborate baro't saya sewn with
beads and has colorful designs. The skirt
is also wider than what lower classes
wore.

These types of clothing that are "simple

yet functional" that have both indigenous
Filipino qualities and Spanish influence
started to become prominent during the
16th-century in the Philippines.

Such clothing, through the innovation of

modern-day Filipino fashion designers,
can be worn in the Philippines for formal
occasions and office uniforms. These
"national clothes" can be made from
materials such as piña, jusi, abaca, and
Mindanao silk.[7]

Men's clothing
Barong Tagalog is a clothing worn by
men. Having originated in Luzon, this
clothing is may be made of pineapple
fiber and is translucent, where an
undershirt has to be worn together with
dark pants. The "coat" or "suit", locally
known as the "Amerikana" or Americana
(literally "American") was another type of
clothing introduced to the Philippines by
the Americans. Worn with a tie, it is used
for formal occasions.[7]

Fashion designers
Filipino Designers are considered as the
best fashion designers in Asia having
designers reach the international fashion
scene. Notable Filipino fashion designers
include Pitoy Moreno (the "Fashion Czar
in Asia"), Inno Sotto , Rajo Laurel, Kermit
Tesoro, Beatriz Tesoro, Christian Espiritu,
Auggie Cordero, Monique Lhuillier, Ezra
Santos, Mich Dulce, Francis Libiran,
Oliver Tolentino, Josie Natori, and
Michael Cinco. Moreno was known to
design and create dresses for Philippine
First Ladies, other famous women in the
Philippines, Asia, the United States and
Europe.[7]

Popular brands
Bench, a Filipino clothing brand

Filipino brands ...

Philippine brand clothing that are popular

in and outside the Philippines include
Bench Onesimus, Penshoppe, Loalde,
Kamiseta (literally "T-shirt"), Maldita and
Bayo.[7]

International brands ...

Brands from abroad that are popular in

the Philippines include Giordano, Levi's,
Nike, The Gap, Banana Republic and
Guess.[7]

First tier includes top designer's labels

that are not common to average
Filipinos, including Hermès, Bottega
Veneta, Louis Vuitton, Givenchy,
Burberry, Prada, Gucci.
Second tier showcases brands that are
affordable to average Filipinos which
include Ralph Lauren, Balenciaga,
Michael Kors, Nine West, Kate Spade,
Longchamp and Fendi.
Third tier are the high street brands
that are a bit expensive for average
Filipinos, including Comme des
Garcons, Lacoste, Diesel, Marks &
Spencer, Tommy Hilfiger, Kenneth
Cole.
Fourth tier are affordable brands that
are good quality, which includes,
Uniqlo, Mango, Zara, and Aldo".
Fifth tier are brands that are very much
affordable to an average Filipino and
usually of a lower quality, Forever 21,
H&M, and Guess.[7]
See also
Philippine Fashion Week
Project Runway Philippines
2010s in Philippine Fashion

References
1. Barong Tagalog history
2. History of the Barong Tagalog by
My Barong
3. "Pinoy-Culture ~ A Filipino Cultural
& History Blog - Pre-Colonial
Traditional Clothing (Note:
 Though..." Retrieved 6 January
2015.
4. "Manila was known as the 'Pearl of
the Orient.' Then World War II
happened" . Retrieved 14 July 2017.
5. "The Story of Dior, The New Look
Revolution" . Retrieved 14 July
2017.
6. "Yay or Nay: 50 Fashion and Beauty
Trends We Spotted in Manila in
2016" . SPOT.ph. 26 December
2016.
 7. "Filipino Clothing and Various
Influences" . Filipino-Heritage.com.
Retrieved 14 December 2013.

External links
Philippines' makes fashion history;
breaks world record by Dinah
Manzano

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title=Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines&ol
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